一种基于CPN的运行时监控服务交互行为的方法

BPEL对Web服务组合的描述特性使得它很难表达和分析服务组合中的交互行为属性.这些行为属性需要遵循一定的交互协议.然而良定义的交互协议还是容易受到侵犯,这将导致服务组合进程产生状态不一致的问题.为了解决这类实际交互行为与其服务组合描述之间的不一致性问题,提出了一种由BPEL描述自动构造运行时监控器的方法.首先提出了一种基于有色Petri网(CPN)的形式化表示模型以及服务组合规约到模型的映射方法,用于精确表达从BPEL流程描述中提取的服务交互行为规约.然后,描述了由CPN形式化表示模型生成运行时监控器的方法.该运行时监控器能够捕获所有进出服务组合进程的交互消息,并且检测是否存在违背交互协议的行为.     

基于BPEL4WS的网格服务组合体系结构及其分析

开放网格服务基础结构OGSI（Open Grid ServicesInfrastrstructure）把Web服务工作流引入到网格任务描述中,给出了几种Web服务与网格技术相融合机制,但并没有界定如何进行网格服务组合.而BPEL4WS（Business Process Execution Language for Web Services）是描述Web服务业务工作流的工业标准.通过对BPEL4WS和OGSI在生命周期管理、Web服务实例化和状态交互管理等方面异同的深度分析,提出了一种兼容OGIS并使用BPEL4WS来合成网格服务的高层体系结构.介绍了一个电力网电能损耗理论计算的实际应用原型系统,表明该文提出的体系结构可应用于网格服务的建模和构造.     

基于BPEL的Web服务快速组合框架

针对当前Web服务组合语言以及Web服务组合过程的复杂性,提出基于业务流程执行语言(BPEL)的Web服务快速组合框架。该框架用有向无环图(DAG)表示服务组合逻辑,通过对DAG解析自动生成发布工作流所需要的各种文档。对原型系统的验证结果表明,该框架能将BPEL的复杂性隐藏起来,达到Web服务快速组合的目的。     

Efficient execution of composite Web services exchanging intensional data

Web service technologies provide a standard means of integrating heterogeneous applications distributed over the Internet. Successive compositions of new Web services using pre-existing ones usually create a hierarchical structure of invocations among a large number of Web services. For the efficient execution of these composite Web services, we propose an approach which exploits intensional XML data, i.e. an XML document that contains special elements representing the calls to Web services, in order to delegate the invocations of the external Web services to some relevant nodes. We formalize an invocation plan for composite Web services in which intensional data is used as their parameters and results, and define a cost-based optimization problem to obtain an efficient invocation plan for them. We provide an A∗ heuristic search algorithm to find an optimal invocation plan for a given set of Web services and also present a greedy method of generating an efficient solution in a short time. The experimental results show that the proposed greedy method can find a close-to-optimal solution efficiently and has good scalability for a complex call hierarchy of Web services.     

Mashing Up Search Services

Mashup languages offer new graphic interfaces for service composition. Normally, composition is limited to simple services, such as RSS or Atom feeds, but users can potentially use visual mashup languages for complex service compositions, with typed parameters and well-defined I/O interfaces. Composing search services introduces new issues, however, such as determining the optimal sequence of search invocations and separately composing ranked entries into a globally ranked result. Enabling end users to mash up services through suitable abstractions and tools is a viable option for improving service-based computations.     

XrML-RBLicensing approach adapted to the BPEL process of composite web services

Web service orchestration represents an open and standards-based approach for connecting web services together leading to higher level of business processes. Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) engines are designed to handle this orchestration. However, web service compositions into BPEL suffer from several non-functional requirements such as security. To address this problem, we propose in this paper a novel approach that is based on a harmony between the licensing concept offered by eXtensible rights Markup Language (XrML), aspect-oriented programming (AOP), and web service compositions in BPEL. Our proposed approach, based on XrML, offers the ability to associate security licenses with activities offered by the composite web services. It allows to automatically generate BPEL aspects depending on the developed licenses, to separate between crosscutting concerns of the composed web services, and provides an easy way to include and update the non-functional requirements (e.g., security) into a BPEL process. It offers also the ability to validate the licenses, at runtime and without affecting the business logic of this model. To evaluate our approach, we have developed an inventory control system (ICS) sample that is composed of several web services. Case study and performance analysis are presented to demonstrate its feasibility as well.     

BPEL中的Web服务动态合成机制

Web服务业务流程执行语言(BPEL)是一种Web服务合成语言.本文研究了Web服务合成的概念及其特点,详细分析了Web服务寻址及BPEL中的Web服务动态合成机制,并举例说明.     

基于历史调用日志分析的Web服务间语义相关性发现

针对Web服务间语义相关性发现这一Web服务领域研究的关键问题,目前的方法不能较好地描述服务间语义相关的不确定性,进而不能有效地支持自动服务发现与组合.以Web服务描述中的操作作为服务组件,首先给出Web服务调用历史日志的定义,接着以统计计算为手段,基于PageRank算法给出服务组件权重的计算方法,进一步基于静电场理论给出Web服务组件间语义相关度的度量方法,为Web服务搜索、发现与组合奠定基础.实验结果表明,该方法具有高效性和实用性.     

基于模块化可达图的服务组合验证及BPEL代码生成

为了解决基于中介器服务组合方法的状态爆炸和不能自动生成BPEL(business process execution language)的问题,提出了一种基于Petri网模块化可达图的服务组合验证方法.服务组合的Petri网模型通过中介变迁进行模型分割,分别对各个部分构建可达图,再对模块化可达图进行服务组合可行性分析.采用模块化可达图可以大量节省空间开销,有效避免空间爆炸问题.在验证服务组合可行的情况下提出了基于ECA规则形式的BPEL过程代码自动生成方法,也就是将服务组合Petri网模型的中介变迁以及每个服务对外接口的调用或操作都映射生成为ECA规则形式的BPEL代码段.通过对一个电子商务实例进行分析,说明了所提出方法的有效性.     

A layered architecture for flexible Web service invocation

Web service composition is emerging as an interesting approach to integrate business applications and create intra‐organizational business processes. Single Web services are combined to create a complex Web service that will realize the process business logic. Once the process is created, it is executed by an orchestration engine that invokes individual Web services in the correct order. However, Web services composing the workflow sometimes become unavailable during the run‐time phase, blocking process execution. This paper describes an architecture that allows the flexible orchestration of business processes. With this approach, Web services composing the process can be automatically substituted with other compatible Web services during process execution. A methodology is defined to evaluate Web service compatibility based on interface matching, in order to select substitutable Web services. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

全局优化的分层动态Web服务组合

优化选取服务是动态Web服务组合的关键技术之一。在对分层组合算法研究的基础上,利用产生式规则和接口语义规则对Web服务建模,引入了备选服务的QoS性能指标和用户请求对响应时间、成本、成功率、可靠性和组合率的多条件约束,给出了一种全局优化的分层动态Web服务组合算法,通过仿真工具Weblogic 8.1 application server + Oracle BPEL Process Manager 10验证,结果表明,该算法能够有效提高动态Web服务组合的成功率和组合率。     

基于任务依赖信息的Web服务自动合成

随着Web服务的大量出现,Web服务的合成成为当前的一个研究热点.然而,目前大多数的合成语言规范,例如BPEL4WS和WSCI,都需要人工预先设计一个固定的执行流程,难以充分发挥Web服务自适应的特点.通过形式化描述单一的Web服务,建立了通过任务间依赖规范实施合成的方法,提出了一种具有柔性和自适应能力的工作流模型,实现Web服务的自动合成.同时,设计了合成的正确性验证算法以及动态补偿机制使提出的模型易于实用.     

基于领域本体的Web服务动态组合

随着Web环境下服务数量的快速增长,如何自动地根据服务请求,进行服务的动态组合成为一个迫切需要解决的问题,该文提出了一种基于领域本体的服务动态组合方法,该方法利用领域本体及其推理能力,生成一个优化的服务组合图,然后基于该图给出了一个高效的服务组合算法．与已有的方法相比,该文的方法综合考虑了服务语义、服务组合的质量和服务组合的效率等因素,可以自动地根据服务请求实现服务的动态组合．同时保证了服务组合的效率和质量．     

Discovering semantic associations among Web services based on the qualitative probabilistic network

In recent years, the intelligent management and decision of Web services have attracted more and more attention due to the wide applications in various aspects of the real world. With the increase of Web services in an organization, the desired on-line services should be located rapidly requiring not only the syntactic but also the semantic techniques. In addition, aiming at fulfilling complex applications by discovering and composing available services automatically and precisely, it is indispensable to develop an underlying model and the corresponding measure for semantic associations among given Web services. In this paper, by mining the historical invocations of component services, we first construct a semantic model to describe their behavior rules based on the qualitative probabilistic network. Further, we propose a distance measure and the approach to discovering semantic associations among Web services. Preliminary experiments and performance studies show that our methods are feasible. Moreover, high recall and precision can be achieved when our methods are applied to Web service search.     

一种Web服务组合的认知模型检测方法

由于Web服务及其协同的动态性,开放多变的互联网运行环境,以及松耦合的服务开发模式所导致的开发和运行过程不确定性,使得Web服务组合的正确性和可靠性等可信性质难以得到保证.将Web服务组合抽象为多主体系统,提出业务流程执行语言BPEL的形式模型BSTS,设计并实现了从BPEL到BSTS的B2S转化算法,以及从BSTS到多主体系统模型检测工具MCMAS输入语言ISPL的S2I转化算法,从而实现Web服务组合的自动形式化建模,使得我们不仅可以验证Web服务组合的时态逻辑规范,而且还可以验证认知与合作等多主体系统特有的逻辑规范.我们实现了相关的模型检测工具原型MCWS,并用其对一个贷款核准服务实例进行建模和验证,实验结果显示了MCWS的有效性.