CdS薄膜的结构特性及其对Cu(In,Ga)Se2(CIGS)薄膜太阳电池的影响

报道了CdS薄膜的CBD法沉积及其结构特性,其中的水浴溶液包括硫脲、乙酸镉、乙酸铵和氨水溶液.研究了水浴溶液的pH值、温度、各反应物溶液的浓度和滴定硫脲与倾倒硫脲等基本工艺参数对CdS薄膜结构特性的影响.其中,溶液的pH值对CdS薄膜的特性起着关键的作用.XRD图显示了随着溶液pH值的变化,薄膜的晶相由六方相向立方相转变.CdS薄膜的这两种晶相对CIGS薄膜太阳电池性能的影响不相同.c-CdS(立方相的CdS)与CIGS之间的晶格失配和界面态密度分别为1.419%和8.507×1012cm-2,而h-CdS(六方相的CdS)与CIGS之间的晶格失配和界面态密度则分别为32.297%和2.792×1012cm-2.高效CIGS薄膜太阳电池需要的是立方相CdS薄膜.     

溶液PH值对CdS薄膜结构特性的影响

采用化学水浴沉积(CBD)工艺在玻璃衬底上制 备CdS薄膜,研究溶液PH值对CdS 薄膜结构特性的影响。薄膜的厚度、组份、晶相结构和表观形貌分别由台阶仪、X射线荧光 光谱(XRF)、X射线衍射(XRD)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)来表征。溶液的 PH值为11.26、 11.37和11.48时,CdS薄膜的晶相以六方相为主,薄膜的厚度先增大后减小; PH值为11.62、11.66时,薄膜的晶相以立方相为主,薄 膜的厚度进一步减小。同时,随着溶液PH值 增大,CdS薄膜的晶格常数也逐渐增大。两种晶相的CdS薄膜缓冲层与CIGS薄膜分别构成异 质 对形成异质结时的晶格失配分别为32.297%和1.419%,界面态密度分别为2.792×10¹⁴和8.507×10¹²,因此高效CIGS薄 膜太阳电池更需要立方相的CdS薄膜。     

化学水浴沉积CdS薄膜晶相结构及性质

采用CBD法在醋酸镉溶液体系中制备CdS半导体薄膜,研究了溶液组份的浓度对CdS结晶结构的影响.增加乙酸胺的浓度、提高溶液的pH值有利于生成立方晶CdS,反之则易于生成六方晶CdS.无论立方相还是六方相CdS薄膜,电阻率均在104～105Ω·cm范围,结晶均匀细致.用六方晶为主和立方晶为主的CdS制备的CIGS太阳电池最高效率分别达到12.10%和12.17%.     

化学水浴沉积CdS薄膜晶相结构及性质

采用CBD法在醋酸镉溶液体系中制备CdS半导体薄膜，研究了溶液组份的浓度对CdS结晶结构的影响．增加乙酸胺的浓度、提高溶液的pH值有利于生成立方晶CdS，反之则易于生成六方晶CdS．无论立方相还是六方相CdS薄膜，电阻率均在10~4～10~5Ω·cm范围，结晶均匀细致．用六方晶为主和立方晶为主的CdS制备的CIGS太阳电池最高效率分别达到12.10%和12.17%．     

CdS薄膜的真空热蒸发制备及在CIGS薄膜太阳电池中的应用

采用真空热蒸发(VTE)的方法制备了CdS多晶薄膜,研究了不同衬底温度对其微观结构与光电性能的影响。结果显示,不同衬底温度下制备的CdS薄膜均属于六方相多晶结构且具有(002)择优取向;随着衬底温度的升高,(002)特征衍射峰强度增加,半高宽变小,相应薄膜结晶度增大;由CdS薄膜的透射光谱可知,在500~1 000nm波段平均透过率均超过80%,光学带隙随着衬底温度的升高而增大(2.44~2.56eV),表明真空热蒸发方法制备的CdS薄膜可以作为CIGS薄膜太阳电池的缓冲层。将真空热蒸发法制备CdS薄膜与磁控溅射法制备CIGS薄膜太阳电池相结合,在同一真空室内得到了CIGS薄膜太阳电池器件,为CIGS薄膜太阳电池的工业化推广提供了新途径。     

CIGS薄膜太阳能电池缓冲层CdS薄膜的制备研究

目前CdS材料的制备方法有很多种,但是最常用的是化学水浴法。本文研究了浓度、反应溶液pH值、温度、沉积时间对CdS缓冲层薄膜的影响,对CIGS薄膜太阳能电池缓冲层CdS薄膜的制备方法进行了论述。     

Zn1?xMgxO用于 CIGS 太阳电池的研究进展

Zn1-xMgxO透过率高、带隙可调,且与CIGS太阳电池在晶格和能带结构上匹配良好,可用作CIGS太阳电池缓冲层、窗口层,因此制备高质量的Zn1-xMgxO薄膜是提高太阳电池性能的关键。文章介绍了Zn1-xMgxO薄膜的结构特性、光学特性及制备方法;从Mg含量、Zn1-xMgxO膜厚及Zn1-xMgxO/CIGS界面处缺陷密度等方面概述了Zn1-xMgxO用于CIGS太阳电池的研究进展,并比较了Zn1-xMgxO与In2S3,ZnS,CdS等其他材料作缓冲层的CIGS太阳电池性能的差别。     

GaAs(001)衬底上MOCVD生长的立方相GaN外延薄膜的光学性质研究

本文报道了利用MOCVD方法,在GaAs衬底(001)面制备的立方GaN薄膜的光学性质.利用光致发光(PL)光谱的半高宽确定制备的样品具有不同的晶体质量.利用喇曼散射(RS)光谱研究了立方GaN薄膜中的光学声子模式.横向(TO)和纵向(LO)声子在立方GaN中的散射峰分别位于552cm-1和739cm-1.另外还观察到来自界面无序层的TOB和LOB.根据喇曼频移和选择定则可识别GaN中的相组成.其来自六方相GaN的E2声子模,可作为识别立方GaN中六方相的标志.随着退火温度的升高,样品中的界面层的效应减弱,六方相增加     

ZnTe∶Cu薄膜的制备及其性能

用共蒸发法在室温下沉积了ZnTe∶Cu多晶薄膜.刚沉积的不掺Cu的薄膜呈立方相，适度掺Cu时为立方相和六方相的混合相.随着Cu含量的增加，六方相增加，光能隙减小.根据暗电导温度关系，结合XRD和DSC的结果，认为在110℃、170℃开始出现类CuTe、类Cu2Te相以及Cu0、Cu＋离解的结果导致电导温度关系异常，应用这种薄膜作为背接触层获得了转换效率为11.6%，面积为0.52cm2的CdS/CdTe/ZnTe∶Cu太阳电池.     

不同方法及衬底类型对CdS多晶薄膜性能的影响

采用化学水浴法和磁控溅射法分别在AZO、FTO、ITO透明导电玻璃衬底上制备了CdS薄膜,利用扫描电镜、XRD以及透射光谱等测试手段,研究了两种制备方法对不同衬底生长CdS薄膜形貌、结构和光学性能的影响.研究结果表明,不同方法制备的CdS薄膜表面形貌均依赖于衬底的类型,水浴法制备的CdS薄膜晶粒度较大,表面相对粗糙.不同方法制备的CdS薄膜均为立方相和六角相的混相结构,溅射法制备的多晶薄膜衍射峰清晰、尖锐,结晶性较好.水浴法制备的CdS薄膜透过率整体低于溅射法,但在短波处优势明显.     

Cu(In,Ga)Se2太阳电池缓冲层ZnS薄膜性质及应用

在含有ZnSO4,SC(NH2)2,NH4OH的水溶液中采用CBD法沉积ZnS薄膜,XRF和热处理前后的XRD测试表明,ZnS沉积薄膜为立方相结构,薄膜含有非晶态的Zn(OH)2.光学透射谱测试表明,制备的薄膜透过率(λ＞500nm)约为90%,薄膜的禁带宽度约为3.51eV.ZnS薄膜沉积时间对Cu(In,Ga)Se2太阳电池影响显著,当薄膜沉积时间在25～35min时,电池的综合性能最好.对比了不同缓冲层的电池性能,采用CBD-CdS为缓冲层的电池转换效率、填充因子、开路电压稍高于CBD-ZnS为缓冲层的无镉电池,但无镉电池的短路电流密度高于前者,两者转换效率相差2%左右.ZnS可以作为CIGS电池的缓冲层,替代CdS,实现电池的无镉化.     

Research on structural characteristics of large-scale CdS thin films deposited by CBD under low ammonia condition

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) buffer layers with the scale of 10 cm×10 cm are deposited by chemical bath deposition (CBD) with different temperatures and thiourea concentrations under low ammonia condition. There are obvious hexagonal phases and cubic phases in CdS thin films under the conditions of low temperature and high thiourea concentration. The main reason is that the heterogeneous reaction is dominant for homogeneous reaction. At low temperature, CdS thin films with good uniformity and high transmittance are deposited by adjusting the thiourea concentration, and there is almost no precipitation in reaction solution. In addition, the low temperature is desired in assembly line. The transmittance and the band gap of CdS thin films are above 80% and about 2.4 eV, respectively. These films are suitable for the buffer layers of large-scale Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells.     

Control of the crystalline phase and morphology of CdS deposited on microstructured surfaces by chemical bath deposition

Chemical bath deposition (CBD) has been used extensively to deposit thin films of CdS for window layers in solar cells. The microtopography or roughness of the surface, however, can affect the quality of the film by influencing the morphology, uniformity, or crystal phase of the CdS film. Here, we have demonstrated that thin films of CdS can be successfully patterned on surfaces bearing micropillars as a model surface for roughness. The phase purity of CdS deposited on the micropillar surfaces is uniform and conformal with the formation of packed clusters on the micropillars at pH 10 that form flower-like structures at long deposition times. Smaller crystallites were observed on micropillar arrays at pH 8 with “network” like structures observed at long deposition times. Additionally, by controlling the pH of the chemical bath, the hexagonal and cubic crystal phases of CdS were both accessible in high purity at temperatures as low as 85 °C.     

Cadmium sulfide thin films growth by chemical bath deposition

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films have been prepared by a simple technique such as chemical bath deposition (CBD).A set of samples CdS were deposited on glass substrates by varying the bath temperature from 55 to 75 ℃ at fixed deposition time (25 min) in order to investigate the effect of deposition temperature on CdS films physical properties.The determination of growth activation energy suggests that at low temperature CdS film growth is governed by the release of Cd2+ ions in the solution.The structural characterization indicated that the CdS films structure is cubic or hexagonal with preferential orientation along the direction (111) or (002),respectively.The optical characterization indicated that the films have a fairly high transparency,which varies between 55％ and 80％ in the visible range of the optical spectrum,the refractive index varies from 1.85 to 2.5 and the optical gap value of which can reach 2.2 eV.It can be suggested that these properties make these films perfectly suitable for their use as window film in thin films based solar cells.     

太阳电池中CdS多晶薄膜的微结构及性能

采用化学水浴法制备了CdS多晶薄膜，通过XRD，AFM，XPS和光学透过率谱等测试手段研究了CdS多晶薄膜生长过程中的结构和性能.结果表明，随着沉积的进行，薄膜更加均匀、致密，与衬底粘附力增强，其光学能隙逐渐增大，薄膜由无定形结构向六方(002)方向优化生长，同时出现了Cd(OH)2相.在此基础上，通过建立薄膜的生长机制与性能的联系，沉积出优质CdS多晶薄膜，获得了转化效率为13.38%的CdS/CdTe小面积电池.     

CdS纳米薄膜的水浴法制备与表征

CdS是一种直接能隙半导体，其带隙约为2．42eV，是一种良好的太阳能电池窗口层材料和过渡层材料。化学水浴法沉积CdS薄膜具有工艺简单，成本低廉，成膜均匀、致密以及可大面积生产等优点。本文通过对化学水浴法沉积CdS薄膜的研究，阐述了CdS膜的生成和生长过程及其机理，并不断优化此方法中的各种工艺参数，得到了适合做铜铟镓硒薄膜太阳能电池过渡层的CdS薄膜，并对该薄膜的形貌、结构和性能进行了分析。     

The influence of bath composition on the photocurrent response and morphology of chemically deposited CdS thin films

The influence of the chemical bath composition on the photocurrent response, film morphology and optical transmittance of chemically deposited CdS thin films is reported. The bath parameters such as concentrations of triethanolamine, thiourea, ammonia and cadmium acetate and the bath temperature controlled the photosensitivity, photocurrent decay, morphology and optical transmittance of the films. The optimum concentration of the bath for getting good-quality photosensitive films with good optical transmittance was identified in this investigation.