粘贴片材料加固混凝土梁的粘结剪应力分析

在受拉区表面粘贴加强片是加固混凝土梁的一种有效方法。本文在弹性理论的基础上，推导了受任意线性分布荷载作用下的混凝土梁采用粘贴加强片加固时，加强片端部粘结剪应力和最大粘结剪应力的计算公式。本文方法和有限元方法基本吻合。结果表明，最大锚固剪应力不但和粘胶层厚度、弹性模量有关，还和加强片厚度、弹性模量及长度有关。采用本文方法可以对加强片端部最大锚固剪应力进行验算，防止混凝土梁出现局部受拉破坏。本文研究结果将为进一步完善我国有关规范提供重要的参考资料。     

粘贴钢板加固钢筋混凝土梁的分离式有限元模型

提出了外粘钢板加固受弯钢筋混凝土梁的非线性有限元模型。该模型中采用了一种特殊的、具有剥离破坏功能的界面单元来模拟混凝土梁和外粘钢板之间的粘结层,这种剥离破坏主要发生在粘贴钢板端部区域和弯曲、剪切裂缝附近。影响这种剥离破坏的主要因素有两个:一是粘贴钢板的端部与加固梁支座距离;二是粘贴钢板的厚度。传统的梁理论不能描述这种加固梁破坏模式,采用有限元方法能全方位地描述这种加固梁的各种性状和破坏模式。数值计算结果与粘贴不同厚度钢板加固梁的试验结果相吻合。     

CFRP布端绕双杆自锁加固混凝土窄梁抗弯试验

为了抵抗粘贴碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料（CFRP）加固钢筋混凝土结构中常见的剥离破坏,发明了将CFRP布端部以特定方式绕平行双杆实现自锁的方法。鉴于窄梁截面宽度有限,提出将CFRP布贴梁受拉底面布置后,用安装在梁侧面的双L形端锚装置固定双杆,形成侧锚底贴加固方案。完成了5根混凝土强度较低的矩形截面梁四点弯曲试验,其中4根采用上述锚固方式抗弯加固,检验了锚固效果,考察了CFRP布宽度及其沿全长与梁底面是否粘结对加固效果的影响。试验结果表明,采用本文方法进行加固后,端部剥离得以避免,中部剥离即使发生,或在无粘结加固梁受力后期,CFRP布仍能承担较大拉力,因此,极限荷载较对比梁有明显提高。比较而言,CFRP布与梁底有粘结时加固效果更好,CFRP布宽度加大也对提高承载力有益。     

CFRP加固混凝土梁各受力阶段的剥离机理

粘贴碳纤维片加固混凝土梁的试验数据和破坏模式表明,在锚固措施可靠的情况下,界面粘贴失效或基面混凝土剥离是加固混凝土梁的主要早期破坏形态。为研究混凝土梁不同受力阶段对界面粘结失效或混凝土剥离的影响程度,针对实际加固工程中常见的混凝土梁损伤状况并结合室内试验结果,分别研究了粘贴碳纤维片加固完整梁及不同开裂程度梁在不同受力阶段中的界面应力分布与剥离机理,指出了加固梁的开裂或裂缝扩展是导致界面或粘贴基面混凝土剥离的主要原因。最后,结合实际混凝土梁的损伤特点,提出了加固设计施工过程中的注意事项及应采取的技术措施。     

U形CFRP条带混锚加固混凝土梁抗剪试验

为解决纯粘贴U形纤维增强聚合物基复合材料（FRP）加固钢筋混凝土梁中FRP端部容易发生剥离破坏等问题,自主研发了对纤维布条带端部进行自锁锚固的方法和锚板,提出了端锚与粘贴并用的混锚U形条带抗剪加固方法。通过2根未加固梁、1根纯粘贴和2根混锚U形碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料（CFRP）带抗剪加固梁的对比试验,证实了混锚抗剪加固的有效性：混锚能够对纤维带端部进行可靠锚固,阻止端部剥离破坏的发生,实现纤维拉断破坏,大幅度提高材料强度利用率。混锚加固在抑制混凝土梁斜裂缝开展、延缓箍筋屈服、提高箍筋和CFRP的极限应变以及提高抗剪承载力等多个方面的表现均明显优于纯粘贴加固。     

高强钢绞线网增强ECC抗弯加固无损RC梁试验

为研究高强钢绞线网增强工程水泥基复合材料(Engineered cementitious composites,ECC)加固钢筋混凝土(Reinforced concrete,RC)梁的受弯性能,考虑钢绞线直径、纵向钢绞线配筋率、ECC配方及端部锚固4个影响因素,对7个加固无损RC梁试件进行受弯试验。结果表明,在采用合理加固层端部锚固措施的情况下,通过高强钢绞线网增强ECC抗弯加固RC梁可显著提升其受弯承载力、延性、抗裂性,有效约束原RC梁的裂缝发展并减小裂缝宽度;纵向高强钢绞线配筋率的增大会提高加固梁的受弯开裂荷载、承载力、控裂能力、刚度,但试件配置过量的纵向高强钢绞线会降低加固梁的延性、韧性;在纵向高强钢绞线配筋率接近的情况下,采用直径较大的高强钢绞线,会在一定程度上降低加固梁的延性、韧性、控裂能力;加固梁的受弯开裂荷载、承载力、刚度随着ECC的弹性模量及抗拉强度的提高而增大;加固梁的控裂能力、延性、韧性随ECC极限拉应变提高而增大。     

表层嵌贴预应力CFRP-strip加固钢筋混凝土梁的受力性能研究

体外粘贴预应力FRP技术和表层嵌贴FRP加固技术均是FRP应用于混凝土结构加固的重要技术,但存在各自的局限和不足。表层嵌贴预应力FRP技术有望结合上述两种技术的优点,进一步提高FRP加固混凝土结构的优势和效能。该文在研制成功FRP板条夹具的基础上,加固并进行了5根钢筋混凝土受弯构件的试验研究,深入考察了各试件尤其是表层嵌贴加固试件的力学行为与破坏形态,对比了体外与表层嵌贴加固试件的承载与变形性能差异,分析了预应力的存在对表层嵌贴加固构件力学性能与破坏模式的影响。试验结果表明:表层嵌贴预应力FRP板条加固显著提高了受弯构件的承载性能,其改善效果与体外粘贴预应力FRP板加固非常接近;嵌贴方式可使粘结树脂代替机械锚具锚固预应力FRP板条,但该文试验中表层嵌贴加固试件的破坏形态为粘贴端部的树脂-混凝土界面剥离和保护层混凝土撕裂,因此有需要就提高界面粘结能力和抑制保护层混凝土撕裂的构造措施开展进一步研究。     

纤维编织网增强地聚物砂浆加固钢筋混凝土梁受剪性能研究

为研究纤维编织网增强地聚物砂浆（TRGM）加固钢筋混凝土构件的可行性,首先通过双剪试验探讨了地聚物砂浆与碳纤维编织网在常温下和高温后的粘结性能,随后开展了地聚物砂浆粘贴不同层数（1层、2层、3层）碳纤维编织网抗剪加固钢筋混凝土梁的静载试验,并与未加固梁、环氧树脂粘贴碳纤维编织网抗剪加固混凝土梁进行了试验比较。试验结果表明,地聚物砂浆与碳纤维编织网的常温粘结强度达2.02 MPa,在温度不高于300℃时强度退化不显著;在未采取任何锚固措施的情况下,采用地聚物砂浆粘贴单层碳纤维编织网加固梁的抗剪承载力相比于未加固梁提高47.1%,提高幅度约为采用环氧树脂粘贴加固的一半;两层TRGM加固梁中的纤维作用发挥得最充分。最后,提出了TRGM抗剪加固梁斜截面承载力的简化计算模型,模型计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

CFRP布加固木梁界面粘结应力的试验研究和理论分析

为了研究CFRP布加固木梁的界面粘结应力,对6根CFRP布加固的木梁进行了静力试验,得到了碳纤维布端部的应变分布。由相邻两测点的应变计算出了CFRP布与木材的平均界面粘结剪应力。忽略碳纤维布和木梁的剪切变形,推导了在任意荷载作用下两者之间的界面粘结剪应力和粘结正应力的计算公式,并根据边界条件给出了在两点对称集中荷载作用下公式中的系数,应用该公式计算了试验梁碳纤维布端部的界面粘结剪应力和正应力,结果表明粘结剪应力的计算值与试验值吻合较好,说明该公式是可行的。     

环境温差下FRP-混凝土界面粘结行为分析

为明确环境温差对纤维增强聚合物(FRP)加固混凝土构件的界面粘结性能的影响,基于粘结界面的双参数内聚力指数模型,建立了FRP-混凝土粘结结点在温差作用下的界面微分平衡方程,采用边界条件叠加的方法,解析推导了界面相对滑移、界面剪应力和FRP应力-应变分布计算公式。基于解析理论模型,提出了FRP-混凝土界面最大承载温差的计算方法,分析了粘结长度、温差变化和粘结层数对界面粘结性能的影响。结果表明:该文推导出的理论公式计算结果与界面试验结果吻合良好,建立的解析理论模型能够较好地预测温差作用下FRP-混凝土界面粘结行为;界面最大承载温差随粘结长度的增加存在上限值,且由于界面粘结性能的退化,FRP温度应力的最大值出现在达到界面最大承载温差之前;界面剪应力集中在粘结端部区域,受温差变化和FRP粘结层数影响较大,且当环境温差进入胶黏剂玻璃化转变区域后影响最为明显。该结论可用于强日照和高温车间等大温差环境下桥梁和建筑加固构件的温度应力分析和界面承载力评估。     

On the reduce of interfacial shear stresses in fiber reinforced polymer plate retrofitted concrete beams

One major problem when using bonded fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) plate is the presence of high interfacial shear stresses near the end of the composite (edge effect) which might govern the failure of the strengthening schedule. It is known that the decrease of plate thickness reduces the magnitude of stress concentration at plate ends. Another way is to use a plate end tapering. In this paper, the analytical solution of interfacial shear stresses obtained has been extended by a numerical procedure using the modal analysis of finite element method (FEM) in a retrofitted concrete (RC) beam with the FRP plate with tapered end, which can significantly reduce the stress concentration. This approach allows taking into consideration the variation of elastic properties of adhesive and plate as well as the complicated geometrical configurations and effects of thermal loads.     

Modeling of single-flexural crack induced debonding of FRP plate strengthened concrete beams based on an assumption of heterogeneity

External bonding of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) plate has become a popular method for strengthening concrete structures in recent years. This paper presents a numerical study of single-flexural crack induced debonding based on a progressive damage model. The ongoing debonding process is simulated. Interfacial stress distributions for different load levels are analyzed. A parametric study, including influence of heterogeneity of the adhesive layer, size of the flexural crack, thickness of the adhesive layer and the FRP plate and elastic modulus of the adhesive layer on the critical load is carried out. The numerical results indicate that the interface shear stress decreases gradually from the pre-existing crack or the debonding tip to the FRP plate ends along the FRP-concrete interface. Although local debondings nucleate at random locations, the dominated debonding initially starts from the pre-existing crack and propagates to the FRP plate ends as the load increasing.     

Interfacial shear stress concentration in FRP-strengthened beams

This paper reports the results of an experimental programme designed to study the interfacial shear stress concentration at the plate curtailment of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened in flexure with externally bonded carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP). Specifically, the study looks at the relationship between the CFRP plate thickness and the interfacial shear stress concentration at the plate curtailment, the failure modes of the CFRP-strengthened beams as well as the efficiency of the CFRP external reinforcing system. Comparing the experimental results with existing models' predictions is another objective of this study. The experimental programme included five RC beams 115 mm×150 mm in cross-section and 1500 mm in length. Four of the RC beams were reinforced externally with CFRP plates of different thicknesses. Tests in this study showed that the thickness of CFRP plate affects not only the load-carrying and deflection capacities of the strengthened beam, but also the shear stress concentration at the CFRP/concrete interface and the beam failure mode.     

Time-dependent behavior of RC beams strengthened with externally bonded FRP plates: interfacial stresses analysis

External bonding of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites has becomes a popular technique for strengthening concrete structures all over the world. An important failure mode of such strengthened members is the debonding of the FRP plate from the concrete due to high interfacial stresses near the plate ends. For correctly installed FRP plate, failure will occur within the concrete. Accurate predictions of the interfacial stresses are prerequisite for designing against debonding failures. In particular, the interfacial stresses between a beam and soffit plate within the linear elastic range have been addressed by numerous analytical investigations. In this study, the time-dependent behavior of RC beams bonded with thin composite plate was investigated theoretically by including the effect of the adherend shear deformations. The time effects considered here are those that arise from shrinkage and creep deformations of the concrete. This paper presents an analytical model for the interfacial stresses between RC beam and a thin FRP plate bonded to its soffit. The influence of creep and shrinkage effect relative to the time of the casting and the time of the loading of the beams is taken into account. Numerical results from the present analysis are presented to illustrate the significance of time-dependent of adhesive stresses.     

Mechanics of bonds in an FRP bonded concrete beam

Fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) materials have been recognised as new innovative materials for concrete rehabilitation and retrofit. Since concrete is poor in tension, a beam without any form of reinforcement will fail when subjected to a relatively small tensile load. Therefore, the use of the FRP to strengthen the concrete is an effective solution to increase the overall strength of the structure. The attractive benefits of using FRP in real-life civil concrete applications include its high strength to weight ratio, its resistance to corrosion, and its ease of moulding into complex shapes without increasing manufacturing costs. The speed of application minimises the time of closure of a structure compared to other strengthening methods. In this paper, a simple theoretical model to estimate shear and peel-off stresses is proposed. Axial stresses in an FRP-strengthened concrete beam are considered, including the variation in FRP plate fibre orientation. The theoretical predictions are compared with solutions from an experimentally validated finite element model. The results from the theory show that maximum shear and peel-off stresses are located in the end region of the FRP plate. The magnitude of the maximum shear stress increases with increases in the amount of fibres aligned in the beam's longitudinal axis, the modulus of an adhesive material and the number of laminate layers. However, the maximum peel-off stress decreases with increasing thickness of the adhesive layer.     

Viscoelastic analysis of FRP strengthened reinforced concrete beams

External bonding of FRP plates or sheets has become a popular method for strengthening reinforced concrete structures. Stresses along the FRP-concrete interface are critical to the effectiveness of this technique because high stress concentration along the FRP-concrete interface can lead to the FRP debonding from the concrete beam. Although the short-term stress distribution along the FRP-concrete interface has been studied extensively, very few studies have been conducted on the long-term stress distribution, which closely simulates the behavior of the structure during the service-life. In this study, we develop a viscoelastic solution for the long-term interface stress distribution in a FRP plate strengthened reinforced concrete beam. In this solution, the RC beam and the FRP plate are modeled as elastic materials; while the adhesive layer is modeled as a viscoelastic material using the Standard Linear Solid model. Closed-form expressions of the interface stresses and deflection of the beam are obtained using Laplace transform and calculated using the Zakian’s numerical method. The validation of this viscoelastic solution is verified by finite element analysis using a subroutine UMAT based on the Standard Linear Solid model.     

考虑粘结层滑移效应的组合梁弯曲

针对粘结型组合梁,在粘结层仅沿轴向剪切变形的假定下,给出了组合梁大挠度弯曲的一般非线性控制方程,指出仅在一阶近似下,组合梁子梁的轴线挠度相等.其次,在Euler-Bernoulli 梁变形的条件下,通过线性化方法,由上述非线性控制方程得到以挠度和轴向位移为基本未知量的组合梁线性弯曲耦合控制方程,该耦合方程组可分别退化为经典组合梁和叠梁的控制方程.最后,分析了悬臂组合梁在端部集中力作用下的线性弯曲,得到了问题的解析解,给出了不同梁长下组合梁自由端挠度、粘结层滑移位移和剪切应力等随粘结层剪切模量和厚度的变化曲线,进行了参数分析,结果表明：粘结层厚度和剪切模量对组合梁挠度和粘结层滑移有较为显著的影响,而对粘结层剪力影响很小.     

Improving shear capacity of RC T-beams using CFRP composites subjected to cyclic load

Various methods are developed for strengthening reinforced concrete beams against shear. Nowadays, external bonding of various composite members to RC beams was very popular and successfully technique internationally. This study present test results on strengthening of shear deficient RC beams by external bonding of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) straps. Six RC beams with a T section were tested under cyclic loading in the experimental program. Width of the CFRP straps, arrangements of straps along the shear span, and anchorage technique that were applied at the ends of straps was the main parameters that were investigated during experimental study. Inclined CFRP straps were bonded along the shear spans of shear deficient beams for strengthening against shear by using epoxy. Arrangements and width of the inclined CFRP straps were the main parameters that were changed among the specimens. The test results confirmed that all CFRP arrangements improved the strength and stiffness of the specimens significantly. The failure mode, and ductility of specimens were proved to differ according to the CFRP strap width and arrangement along the beam. Experimental results were compared with the analytical approaches that were suggested by ACI-440 Committee report.     

变截面梁的应力计算及其分布规律研究

为了合理计算预应力混凝土变截面箱形梁的剪应力,客观反映其应力分布状况,首先推导了任意变截面梁剪应力计算的一般公式,在此基础上,考虑箱形梁的梁高、底板厚度、腹板厚度沿跨度的变化,导出了变截面箱形梁的剪应力实用计算公式。应用导出的公式,结合矩形及箱形变截面悬臂梁算例,分析了变截面梁的应力分布状况。研究结果表明,变截面梁横截面上的最大剪应力并不发生在截面重心轴处,而是在重心轴以下区域或梁底缘处;变截面箱形梁的底板受有很大剪应力作用,为了合理设计变截面箱形梁,不应采用薄底板,而且应加强其配筋及构造处理。     

确定层状复合材料界面结合强度的新模型

本文提出了一个确定层状复合材料界面结合强度的新模型,即由两种材料交替完全粘结在一起的复合梁。利用材料力学方法对这种梁进行了应力分析,包括正应力分析和剪应力分析。研究了两种情况:一种情况假设两种材料均是线弹性材料;另一种情况假设其中一种材料是纯线弹性材料。而另一种材料是理想弹塑性材料。本文给出的复合梁剪应力的计算公式为复合材料界面剪切强度的测定提供了比较精确的计算公式。