天然高分子表面活性剂的研究进展

概述了淀粉、纤维素和壳聚糖类天然高分子表面活性剂的研究概况,并展望了其未来发展趋势。通过对天然高分子表面活性剂的介绍,使人们对高分子表面活性剂,尤其是绿色高分子表面活性剂有更多的认识和了解。天然高分子表面活性剂,具有原料可再生、无毒、无污染、易生物降解特点,可广泛应用于食品工业、农业、洗涤剂、化妆品等领域,具有广阔的应用前景。因此以天然高分子为原料的绿色高分子表面活性剂已成为表面活性剂发展的一个重要方向。     

阳离子型高分子表面活性剂及其应用

所谓高分子表面活性剂,通常是指分子量大于2000的、具有降低表面张力等表面活性的高分子化合物。与低分子表面活性剂相比,高分子表面活性剂的主要特点是:①降低表面张力、界面张力的能力小,大多数高分子表面活性剂不形成胶束:②分子量大,渗透力弱;③泡沫力差,但所形成的泡沫一般比较稳定;④乳化力好;⑤具有优良的分     

非离子系高分子表面活性剂的研究进展

综述了聚乙烯醇类、聚酯类、纤维素基类和糖基类非离子系高分子表面活性剂的进展过程以及这些非离子表面活性剂的制备反应和一些用途;介绍了非离子系高分子表面活性剂不同于低分子表面活性剂的优良表面活性性能和特有性能,讨论了影响这些性能的内在因素和外在因素以及性能和各种内在因素的关系。     

高分子表面活性剂的功能与用途

介绍了高分子表面活性剂的特性、功能以及在造纸、能源、采油、橡胶、合成树脂、无机材料、水处理、日用化学品等行业的应用。     

阳离子高分子表面活性剂的近期进展

本文简要地介绍了近年来阳离子高分子表面活性剂的进展,包括合成和应用等。     

高分子表面活性剂的研究进展及其应用前景展望

概述了高分子表面活性剂的分类、性质、合成方法及应用,分析了其应用前景,旨在通过对高分子表面活性剂相关内容的综述和介绍,为高分子表面活性剂的应用起到引导作用.     

高分子表面活性剂的合成与溶液性能研究进展

综述了高分子表面活性剂在合成和溶液性质方面的研究进展 ,包括嵌段型和接枝型高分子表面活性剂不同的合成路径和方法 ,高分子表面活性剂在溶液中胶束行为特征和表征方法 ,以及溶液性能基础理论研究方面的进展。     

高分子表面活性剂的制备与应用进展

综述了3类高分子表面活性剂的制备及应用情况,涉及由亲水/疏水性单体共聚形成的两亲嵌段共聚物、由表面活性单体制备的无规聚合型高分子表面活性剂和由高分子化学反应接枝制备的接枝型高分子表面活性剂的合成方法及相关的应用情况.特别介绍了天然高分子改性高分子表面活性剂的研究状况.目前高分子表面活性剂的研究热点是开发新品种和新的合成方法,研究其结构与性能的关系,结合实际需要不断开拓新应用领域.     

高分子表面活性剂的合成

以丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸丁酯为单体,采用瞬时聚合法合成了高分子表面活性剂。表面活性研究表明,制备的高分子表面活性剂有良好的表面活性,表面张力可低至42 mN/m。红外光谱表明,产物没有发生交联,黏度法测定产物的分子量为2×104～4×104。     

生物表面活性剂的合成及应用研究

介绍了生物表面活性剂的特点,分类、合成方法以及在石油、医药、食品、化妆品等领域的应用与研究进展,并对其今后的主要发展方向进行了展望。     

生物表面活性剂对疏水性有机物的增溶特性

在提高疏水性有机污染物的生物可利用性方面,生物表面活性剂的增溶效果是关键.通过实验测试了单一鼠李糖脂生物表面活性剂、复配表面活性剂(鼠李糖脂-非离子表面活性剂)对疏水性有机污染物增溶性能的影响,在此基础上,进一步考察了无机盐对复配表面活性剂增溶效果的影响.结果表明:鼠李糖脂质量浓度在临界胶束质量浓度之上时,长链烷烃和多...     

Synthesis of brushite particles in reverse microemulsions of the biosurfactant surfactin

In this study the "green chemistry" use of the biosurfactant surfactin for the synthesis of calcium phosphate using the reverse microemulsion technique was demonstrated. Calcium phosphates are bioactive materials that are a major constituent of human teeth and bone tissue. A reverse microemulsion technique with surfactin was used to produce nanocrystalline brushite particles. Structural diversity (analyzed by SEM and TEM) resulted from different water to surfactin ratios (W/S; 250, 500, 1000 and 40,000). The particle sizes were found to be in the 16-200 nm range. Morphological variety was observed in the as-synthesized microemulsions, which consisted of nanospheres (~16 nm in diameter) and needle-like (8-14 nm in diameter and 80-100 nm in length) noncalcinated particles. However, the calcinated products included nanospheres (50-200 nm in diameter), oval (~300 nm in diameter) and nanorod (200-400 nm in length) particles. FTIR and XRD analysis confirmed the formation of brushite nanoparticles in the as-synthesized products, while calcium pyrophosphate was produced after calcination. These results indicate that the reverse microemulsion technique using surfactin is a green process suitable for the synthesis of nanoparticles.     

排油圈法对生物表面活性剂的定性与定量

测定生物表面活性剂产生的方法有：滴液法、排油圈法和血平板裂解法。排油圈法是较为常用的一种方法。表面活性剂浓度与排油圈直径和培养液表面张力之间都呈线性关系,通过它们之间的线性图,根据其中的一个参数就能计算出另外两个参数。用上述方法对从大港油田分离出来的一株菌DG-1进行实验,证明了排油圈法能快速准确地对生物表面活性剂的产生,进行定性和定量。     

Removal of mercury by foam fractionation using surfactin, a biosurfactant

The separation of mercury ions from artificially contaminated water by the foam fractionation process using a biosurfactant (surfactin) and chemical surfactants (SDS and Tween-80) was investigated in this study. Parameters such as surfactant and mercury concentration, pH, foam volume, and digestion time were varied and their effects on the efficiency of mercury removal were investigated. The recovery efficiency of mercury ions was highly sensitive to the concentration of the surfactant. The highest mercury ion recovery by surfactin was obtained using a surfactin concentration of 10 × CMC, while recovery using SDS required < 10 × CMC and Tween-80 >10 × CMC. However, the enrichment of mercury ions in the foam was superior with surfactin, the mercury enrichment value corresponding to the highest metal recovery (10.4%) by surfactin being 1.53. Dilute solutions (2-mg L(-1) Hg(2+)) resulted in better separation (36.4%), while concentrated solutions (100 mg L(-1)) enabled only a 2.3% recovery using surfactin. An increase in the digestion time of the metal solution with surfactin yielded better separation as compared with a freshly-prepared solution, and an increase in the airflow rate increased bubble production, resulting in higher metal recovery but low enrichment. Basic solutions yielded higher mercury separation as compared with acidic solutions due to the precipitation of surfactin under acidic conditions.     

生物表面活性剂生产Bacillus subtilis-1101发酵过程优化

应用中心组合试验设计和响应面分析方法对影响枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis-1101产生表面活性剂的发酵过程进行优化。结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis-1101产生表面活性剂的最佳发酵条件为发酵温度29.1℃,初始pH值为4.9,装液量为56mL。在此条件下进行实验,结果最大排油圈为7.08cm,与模型预测值接近。说明响应面分析方法是优化表面活性剂生产的有力工具。     

Removal of cadmium and lead from soil using aescin as a biosurfactant

Remediation of a soil contaminated with cadmium or lead was performed by a soil washing process using aescin as a biosurfactant. The removal of cadmium and lead from the soil was evaluated as a function of aescin concentration and pH in a batch process. A 30-mM aescin solution was most effective in the removal of cadmium and lead at pH 6.8. Cadmium and lead migrated from the soil to the aescin-containing aqueous phase, depending on the pH value. We found that 41% of cadmium (pH 7.8) and 25% of lead (pH 2.8) in the soil matrix migrated into a 30-mM aescin solution. Also, the complexation of aescin with cadmium and lead ions was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and electrical conductivity measurements. As a result, the maximal complexation capacity of aescin with metal ions was approximately aescin/cadmium=2∶1 and aescin/lead=3∶1 on a molar basis. It was suggested that aescin may sequester cadmium and lead ions by the carboxylic and saccharide moieties. Then, the complex of aescin with cadmium or lead may migrate to the aqueous phase as the result of dispersion.     

脂肽类生物表面活性剂研究进展

脂肽是由微生物代谢产生的一类具有很强表面活性的生物表面活性剂,在医药、环境保护、化妆品和微生物采油等方面有良好的应用潜力。该文对脂肽的生产、分离、鉴定及应用进展进行了综述。引用文献45篇。     

Foaming properties of surfactin,a lipopeptide biosurfactant fromBacillus subtilis

Foaming properties of surfactin were investigated and compared to those of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Foams were formed by a bubbling technique. Evolution of the foam volume and the liquid in the foam was monitored with optical and conductimetric methods to characterize foam formation and stability. Excellent foaming properties of surfactin were shown by its higher ability to form and stabilize the foam at a concentration as low as 0.05 mg/mL, in comparison with SDS and BSA. Surfactin produced a foam with intermediate maximum density and stabilized the liquid in foam, as well as BSA.     

Utilization of molasses for biosurfactant production by two Bacillus strains at thermophilic conditions

Traditionally, biosurfactants have been produced from hydrocarbons. Some possible substitutes for microbial growth and biosurfactant production include urban wastes, peat hydrolysate, and agro-industrial by-products. Molasses, a nonconventional substrate (agro-industrial by-product) can also be used for biosurfactant production. It has been utilized by two strains of Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 2423 and MTCC1427) for biosurfactant production and growth at 45°C. As a result of biosurfactant accumulation, the surface tension of the medium was lowered to 29 and 31 dynes/cm by the two strains, respectively. This is the first report of biosurfactant production by strains of B. subtilis at 45°C. Potential application of the biosurfactant in microbial enhanced oil recovery is also presented.