铜CMP中工艺参数对抛光速率的影响

为了提高铜布线化学机械抛光效果，对其抛光工艺进行了研究。采用二氧化硅胶体碱性抛光液对铜布线进行抛光，讨论了抛光压力、温度、氧化剂含量、 流量等对抛光速率的影响。结果表明。不降低表面质量，在抛光压力为0.15MPa时，抛光片的抛光效果和抛光速率达到最佳；在20—30℃时，能较好地平衡化学作用与机械作用；抛光液流量在200mL／min时，既节约了生产成本又能提高效率；当氧化剂体积分数在2％-3％时，抛光液既保持了较好的稳定性，又能保证氧化能力，从而提高抛光速率。     

Ta-W合金的化学机械抛光实验研究

针对Ta-W合金材料圆薄片零件化学机械抛光工艺,设计了Ta-W合金材料CMP抛光液。采用单因素法,试验改变抛光液内组份的含量对抛光速率和抛光件表面质量的影响,以确定抛光液中各组分的最佳含量区间。找到化学作用与机械作用的最佳结合点,使两者的作用效果得到良好的匹配,才能获得高去除率、平面度好、无表面损伤的加工工艺。     

添加剂对微晶玻璃化学机械抛光的影响

利用自制抛光液对微晶玻璃进行化学机械抛光,研究络合剂、氧化剂、润滑剂种类及添加量对微晶玻璃化学机械抛光材料去除速率和表面粗糙度的影响。结果表明:抛光液中加入质量分数0.2%的EDTA络合剂后,能大幅降低材料表面粗糙度;加入质量分数2%的过硫酸铵氧化剂后能得到较光滑的材料表面和较高的材料去除速率;加入质量分数为0.2%的丙三醇润滑剂后能降低材料表面粗糙度。将EDTA络合剂、过硫酸铵氧化剂丙、三醇润滑剂加入SiO_2抛光液中对微晶玻璃进行化学机械抛光,利用原子力显微镜观察抛光微晶玻璃抛光前后的表面形貌。结果表明,抛光后微晶玻璃表面极为平整,达到了0.12 nm的纳米级光滑表面,且材料去除速率达到72.8 nm/min。     

抛光液化学成分对钨化学机械抛光效果的影响研究

化学机械抛光工艺(CMP)能够更好地满足光刻对平坦度的要求,因而被广泛应用于半导体制造工艺中。化学机械抛光液的不同成分将会直接影响到钨的抛光效果,从而影响到超大规模集成电路(ULSI)制备的成品率和可靠性。通过调配不同的氧化剂、蚀刻剂和配位剂组成的抛光液,进行抛光加工实验。当氧化剂和蚀刻剂含量比较低时,随着氧化剂和蚀刻剂的含量增加,抛光效果近似线性的提高,达到一定值以后,随着氧化剂的继续增加,抛光效果反而下降。当氧化剂H2O 2的含量为4%、Fe(N O 3)3浓度为0.05%时抛光效果最佳。使用浓度为20%的2μm的Al2O 3磨粒,抛光最后表面粗糙度Ra能达到0.198 nm。     

铜布线化学机械抛光技术分析

对用于甚大规模集成电路(ULSI)制造的关键平坦化工艺——铜化学机械抛光(CMP)技术进行了讨论。着重分析了铜化学机械抛光的抛光过程和相关的影响因素；根据现有的研究成果主要介绍了铜化学机械抛光的化学材料去除机理；在分析抛光液组成成分的基础上，总结了现有的以H2O2为氧化剂的抛光液和其他酸性、碱性抛光液以及抛光液中腐蚀抑制剂的研究情况；指出了铜化学机械抛光今后的研究重点。     

聚苯乙烯(PS)颗粒抛光液特性对铜表面化学机械抛光的影响

铜互连与低-k介质在集成电路制造中的应用对表面平坦化提出更高的要求。为改善铜层化学机械抛光(Cu-CMP)效果,将聚苯乙烯(PS)颗粒应用于铜的化学机械抛光液,分析PS颗粒抛光液中氧化剂、络合剂、pH值、粒径及颗粒含量对铜的化学机械抛光性能的影响,并通过静态腐蚀及电化学手段对PS颗粒在抛光液中的化学作用进行了分析。实验结果表明,当以过氧化氢(H2O2)为氧化剂,氨基乙酸(C2H5NO2)为络合剂时,优化后的PS颗粒抛光液取得了较高的铜抛光去除速率,达到1μm/min,同时发现PS颗粒的加入增强了抛光液的化学腐蚀作用。     

络合剂对蓝宝石晶片化学机械抛光的影响

利用自制的抛光液对蓝宝石晶片进行化学机械抛光,研究化学机械抛光过程中抛光压力、抛光液pH值、SiO2浓度、络合剂种类及其浓度等参数对抛光速率的影响,采用MicroNano D-5A扫描探针显微镜观察抛光前后蓝宝石晶片的表面形貌。结果表明:在抛光条件为压力7psi、转速为50 r/min、抛光液流量为60 mL/min,抛光液组成为pH值12、SiO2浓度5%、络合剂Ⅰ及其浓度为1.25%时,得到最大抛光速率为35.30 nm/min,蓝宝石晶片表面质量较好,表面粗糙度Ra达到0.1 nm。     

氧化剂含量对304不锈钢化学机械抛光的影响

为了探究氧化剂含量对304不锈钢化学机械抛光的影响及其作用机制,采用过氧化氢作为氧化剂,研究不同氧化剂质量分数下304不锈钢材料去除率及表面粗糙度值的变化规律,并基于接触角和电化学试验分析过氧化氢在抛光过程中的作用机制。结果表明：化学机械抛光过程中过氧化氢含量的增加有利于304不锈钢表面氧化膜的生成,从而有效提高304不锈钢的材料去除率及表面质量;但是过高的过氧化氢含量会导致304不锈钢表面氧化膜致密,使得化学作用与机械作用失衡从而造成304不锈钢表面质量下降;当过氧化氢质量分数为0.04%时,抛光后304不锈钢表面粗糙度值最低,仅有2.5 nm,材料去除率达到324.21 nm/min。     

利用复合磨粒抛光液的硅片化学机械抛光工艺参数优化试验研究

为提高硅片抛光速率,提出利用复合磨粒抛光液对硅片进行化学机械抛光.分析SiO2磨粒与某种氨基树脂粒子在溶液中的相互作用机制,观察SiO2磨粒吸附在氨基树脂粒子表面的现象.通过向单一磨粒抛光液中加入聚合物粒子的方法获得了复合磨粒抛光液.应用田口法对SiO2磨粒质量分数、氨基树脂粒子质量分数以及抛光速度三个影响硅片材料去除率的工艺因素进行了优化分析,得到以材料去除率为评价条件的优化抛光工艺参数.试验结果表明:利用5wt%的SiO2磨料、3wt%的氨基树脂粒子形成的复合磨粒抛光液,在抛光盘和载样盘的转速均为50r/min以及抛光压力为22kPa的工艺条件下,对硅片进行抛光的抛光速率达到353nm/min.     

利用复合磨粒抛光液的硅片化学机械抛光

为了提高硅片的抛光速率,利用复合磨粒抛光液对硅片进行化学机械抛光.分析了SiO2磨粒与聚苯乙烯粒子在溶液中的ζ电位及粒子间的相互作用机制,观察到SiO2磨粒吸附在聚苯乙烯及某种氨基树脂粒子表面的现象.通过向单一磨粒抛光液中加入聚合物粒子的方法获得了复合磨粒抛光液.对硅片传统化学机械抛光与利用复合磨粒抛光液的化学机械抛光进行了抛光性能研究,提出了利用复合磨粒抛光液的化学机械抛光技术的材料去除机理,并分析了抛光工艺参数对抛光速率的影响.实验结果显示,利用单一SiO2磨料抛光液对硅片进行抛光的抛光速率为180 nm/min;利用SiO2磨料与聚苯乙烯粒子或某氨基树脂粒子形成的复合磨粒抛光液对硅片进行抛光的抛光速率分别为273 nm/min和324 nm/min.结果表明,利用复合磨粒抛光液对硅片进行抛光提高了抛光速率,并可获得Ra为0.2 nm的光滑表面.     

A study of material removal amount of sapphire wafer in application of chemical mechanical polishing with different polishing pads

The study mainly explores the fabrication mechanism for fabricating sapphire wafer substrate, by using chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) method. A slurry containing the abrasive particles of SiO₂ is used to contact with the sapphire substrate polish and to produce chemical reaction for removal of sapphire wafer substrate when CMP method is used. The study observes the changes of the removal amount of sapphire wafer substrate when the pattern-free polishing pad and hole-pattern polishing pad are used under different down forces, polishing velocities, abrasive particle sizes and slurry concentrations. Employing regression analysis theory, the study makes improvement of the equation of material removal rate (MRR) to be the material removal height per 30 minutes (MRRh), and develops a compensation parameter C_rv of the error caused by the volume concentration of slurry. The results of experimental analysis show that under a certain down force, if the polishing velocity is greater, the material removal amount will be greater. Generally speaking, the material removal amount of hole-pattern polishing pad is greater than that of pattern-free polishing pad. As to the relationship between abrasive particle size and slurry concentration, when particle size is smaller, the volume concentration of slurry will be higher, and the number of abrasives for polishing wafer will be greater. As a result, a better material removal depth can be acquired. Through the above analytical results, considerable help is offered to the polishing of sapphire wafer.     

计算机硬盘基片的亚纳米级抛光技术研究

随着计算机磁头与磁盘间隙的不断减小,硬盘表面要求超光滑(亚纳米级粗糙度)。化学机械抛光技术是迄今几乎唯一的全局平面化技术。研究了抛光液特性与计算机硬盘基片的化学机械抛光性能间的关系,结果表明,抛光后表面的波纹度(Wa)、粗糙度Ra)以及材料去除量强烈依赖于抛光液中磨粒的粒径、磨粒和氧化剂的浓度等因素。借助对抛光后表面的俄歇能谱(AES)分析,对其化学机械抛光机理进行了探讨。     

纳米氧化硅在玻璃基片表面亚纳米级抛光中的应用

为满足先进电子产品对玻璃基片表面超光滑的要求,制备了一种纳米氧化硅抛光液,并研究了氧化硅粒子大小、抛光时间等参数对玻璃基片抛光后表面粗糙度、材料去除速率的影响。ZYGO形貌仪表明,采用纳米氧化硅抛光液,可以使玻璃表面粗糙度达到0.5 nm左右。AFM表明,抛光后的玻璃基片表面超光滑且无划痕等微观缺陷。     

硅晶片化学机械抛光材料去除机制与模型

通过分析软质层的形成、作用以及纳米磨料的自身变形对材料去除的影响，改进了CMP过程的接触力学模型；分析了纳米磨料自身变形量对磨料嵌入硅晶片基体材料的深度的影响，以及纳米磨料硬度对抛光表面粗糙度的影响。结果表明：软质层的存在增加了单个纳米磨料所去除材料的体积，且对基体材料有保护作用，减小了纳米磨料嵌入基体材料的深度；纳米磨料的自身变形抵消了纳米磨料嵌入基体材料的切削深度，从而也决定了抛光表面的粗糙度；纳米磨料的自身变形量与纳米磨料的硬度有关，硬度低的纳米磨料自身变形量大，因而切削深度小，抛光后表面的粗糙度值低。     

数字光盘玻璃基片的三步抛光技术

为得到超光滑的数字光盘母盘玻璃基片表面,研究玻璃基片的亚纳米级抛光技术。分别采用2 m、0.3 m超细氧化铈抛光液以及纳米氧化硅抛光液进行三步化学机械抛光(Chemical mechanical polishing, CMP),抛光后最终表面粗糙度Ra达到0.44 nm,为目前报道的数字光盘母盘玻璃基片抛光的最低值。原子力显微镜分析表明,抛光后的表面超光滑且无微观缺陷。通过对玻璃基片CMP中机械作用及化学作用进行分析,对抛光机理进行了探讨。     

TWO STEPS CHEMICAL-MECHANICAL POLISHING OF RIGID DISK SUBSTRATE TO GET ATOM-SCALE PLANARIZATION SURFACE

In order to get atomic smooth rigid disk substrate surface, ultra-fined alumina slurry and nanometer silica slurry are prepared, and two steps chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) of rigid disk substrate in the two slurries are studied. The results show that, during the first step CMP in the alumina slurry, a high material removal rate is reached, and the average roughness (Ra) and the average waviness (Wa) of the polished surfaces can be decreased from previous 1.4 nm and 1.6 nm to about 0.6 nm and 0.7 nm, respectively. By using the nanometer silica slurry and optimized polishing process parameters in the second step CMP, the Ra and the Wa of the polished surfaces can be further reduced to 0.038 nm and 0.06 nm, respectively. Atom force microscopy (APM) analysis shows that the final polished surfaces are ultra-smooth without micro-defects.     

Modeling the effects of abrasive size, surface oxidizer concentration and binding energy on chemical mechanical polishing at molecular scale

No conclusive results have been proposed for the influence of the abrasive particle size on the material removal during the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). In this paper, a mathematical model as a function of abrasive size and surface oxidizer concentration is presented for CMP. The model is proposed on the basis of the molecular-scale removal theory, probability statistics and micro contact mechanics. The influence in relation to the binding energy of the reacted molecules to the substrate is incorporated into the analysis so as to clarify the disputes on the variable experimental trends on particle size. The predicted results show that the removal rate increases sub-linearly with the abrasive particle size and oxidizer concentration. The model predictions are presented in graphical form and show good agreement with the published experimental data. Furthermore, variations of material removal rate with pressure, pad/wafer relative velocity, and wafer surface hardness, as well as pad characteristics are addressed. Results and analysis may lead further understanding of the microscopic material removal mechanism from molecular-scale perspective.     

Optimization of the chemical mechanical polishing process for optical silicon substrates

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) experiments are performed to study the effects of four key process factors on the flatness and surface finish of the polished optical silicon substrates and on the material removal rate (MRR). The experimental results and analyses reveal that the pad rotational speed and polish pressure have significant effects on the MRR, the interaction of the polish head rotational speed and slurry supply velocity and the interaction of the polish pressure and polish head rotational speed have significant effects on the flatness, and the pad rotational speed has a significant effect on the surface roughness R _t of the optical silicon substrates polished. The optimal combination of the four factors investigated is a polish pressure of 9,800 Pa, a pad rotational speed of 20 rpm, a polish head rotational speed of 20 rpm, and a slurry supply velocity of 100 ml/min. A confirmation CMP experiment has been carried out using the optimal process parameter setting obtained from the design of experiments analyses. The goal to attain optical silicon substrates with nanometric surface roughness and micrometric flatness by an optimized CMP process with a high MRR simultaneously so as to reduce the polishing time to only 15 min from over 8 h has been achieved.     

A micro-contact and wear model for chemical–mechanical polishing of silicon wafers

A micro-contact and wear model for chemical–mechanical polishing (CMP) of silicon wafers is presented in this paper. The model is developed on the basis of elastic–plastic micro-contact mechanics and abrasive wear theory. The synergetic effects of mechanical and chemical actions are formulated into the model. A close-form equation of material removal rate from the wafer surface is derived relating to the material, geometric, chemical and operating parameters in a CMP process. The model is evaluated by comparing the theoretical removal rates with those experimentally determined. Good agreement is obtained for both chemically active and inactive polishing processes. The model reveals some insights into the micro-contact and wear mechanisms of the CMP process. It suggests that the removal rate is sensitive to the particle concentration in the slurry, more sensitive to the applied load and operating speed and most sensitive to the surface hardness and slurry particle size. The model may be used to study the effects of different materials, geometry, slurry chemistry and operating conditions on CMP processes.     

单晶硅同质互抛实验研究

以材料的去除率和表面粗糙度为评价指标设计对比实验,验证了硬脆材料互抛抛光的可行性,得到了抛光盘转速对硬脆材料互抛的影响趋势和大小。实验结果表明：当抛光压力为48 265 Pa（7 psi）、抛光盘转速为70 r/min时,自配抛光液互抛的材料去除率为672.1 nm/min,表面粗糙度为4.9 nm,与传统化学机械抛光方式的抛光效果相近,验证了硬脆材料同质互抛方式是完全可行的;互抛抛光液中可不添加磨料,这改进了传统抛光液的成分;采用抛光液互抛时,材料去除率随着抛光盘转速的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势,硅片的表面粗糙度随着抛光盘转速的增大呈先减小后增大的趋势。