区域电网互联下的省间联络线功率控制评价标准研究

针对华中电网存在的两层联络线功率控制模式,分析了特高压交流跨区联络线功率控制评价标准（T标准）与区域电网内省间联络线功率控制评价标准（CPS标准）特点,并结合特高压交流跨区联络线运行要求,分析了CPS标准下的省间联络线功率控制对跨区联络线功率波动的影响。通过对现有T标准与CPS标准中部分指标的改进,提出了一套新的区域电网互联下的省间联络线功率控制评价标准,使区域电网省间联络线功率控制与跨区联络线功率控制相互协调。     

浅析CG款摩托车发动机铸铁摇臂支座金相组织的控制标准

灰铸铁摇臂支座金相组织控制标准的制定,完善了灰铸铁金相组织只有评判方法没有判断标准的现状,找出了控制灰铸铁机械性能的另一种检测控制方法,填补了实际操作过程中的不足,从而彻底解决了铸铁摇臂支座断裂的问题。     

低溶氧控制在污水厂水质提升的案例分析

浙江省发布《城镇污水处理厂主要水污染物排放标准》(以下简称《标准》),并于2019年1月1日起实施.《标准》规定了CODcr、氨氮、总氮和总磷等4项污染物控制指标,极大提升了污水厂出水的控制要求.义乌市某污水厂通过AAO生化系统低溶氧控制,局部AAO工艺倒、顺置调整,提升生化池脱氮除磷效率,确保浙江标准达标排放,为污水厂水质提升提供可参考的经验案例.     

阳光控制膜玻璃的质量控制与产品标准的研究

通过对大量市售阳光控制膜玻璃产品的试验研究与国内外产品标准的比较，对其光学性能、色差、耐磨损性及化学稳定性等几项质量指标进行了详细讨论，采用加速老化试验研究比较了阳光控制膜玻璃的使用寿命，根据这些结果提出了质量控制和产品标准的一些建议。     

基于H∞理论的LPG发动机怠速控制研究

阐述了H∞控制理论,并将其用于发动机的怠速控制。建立了LPG发动机的怠速控制对象模型,根据模型求解出其灵敏度函数和补灵敏度函数,然后将混合灵敏度问题转化为H∞标准控制问题,应用H∞标准控制理论和Matlab鲁棒控制工具箱,设计出了基于H∞理论的LPG发动机的怠速控制器,并利用LPG发动机的控制模型设计了PI控制器,将其与H∞控制器相比较,通过仿真和台架试验的结果表明,H∞控制相对于PI控制具有更好的鲁棒稳定性,提高了怠速工况的稳定性。     

中国机动车废气污染物排放控制标准情况

中国机动车废气污染物排放控制标准是个比较复杂的体系.本篇文章汇总了中国机动车废气污染物排放控制标准,梳理了各类机动车的适用标准. 1 相关法规     

小缸径多缸柴油机贯彻国家排放标准的探索

随着国家新的排放标准的实施，控制柴油机的排放越来越受到人们的重视．本文详细介绍了小缸径多缸柴油机在控制排放污染物过程中所做的试验分析及技术探索，提出了值得商讨的排放标准问题。     

摩托车排放控制技术的现状及发展

随着我国摩托车排放法规--国Ⅲ标准的正式实施,对摩托车的排放控制提出了更高的要求.为了应对法规实施,排放控制技术应有一定的改进.本文结合当前国Ⅲ标准的实施及未来摩托车排放控制技术的发展作了简单的阐述.     

《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》与火电厂大气污染控制

本文回顾了我国火电厂大气污染物排放标准不断完善的历程,论述了火电厂排放标准在大气污染控制中所起的重要作用,并就新修订的《火电厂大气污染物排放标准(GB13223-2003)》对控制排放总量和改善环境质量的效果进行了研究分析。     

发动机控制的新阶段

自从詹姆斯·瓦特于1788年发明飞球调速器以来,我们已有了各种形式的发动机控制装置。现今的燃油价格和排放标准促使新一代的精确控制系统最终用于各种车辆的原动机。确切地说,发动机控制的“黄金时代”才刚刚开始。石油价格的猛涨和排放标准的苛求,要求将来的内燃机燃烧过程近乎理想的控制。处于领先地位的一家美国汽车制造厂商在它的高级汽车上采用一种完善的电子控制点火系统。用于卡迪拉克公司的雪弗兰车的电子燃     

Advanced exergetic analysis: Approaches for splitting the exergy destruction into endogenous and exogenous parts

The irreversibilities (exergy destruction) within a component of an energy conversion system can be represented by two parts. The first part depends on the inefficiencies of the considered component while the second part depends on the system structure and the inefficiencies of the other components of the overall system. Thus, the exergy destruction occurring within a component can be split into two parts: (a) endogenous exergy destruction due exclusively to the performance of the component being considered and (b) exogenous exergy destruction caused also by the inefficiencies within the remaining components of the overall system. The paper discusses four different approaches developed by the authors for calculating the endogenous part of exergy destruction as well as the approach based on the structural theory. The advantages, disadvantages and restrictions for applications associated with each approach are presented. It is concluded that all approaches developed by the authors lead to comparable and acceptable results, whereas the structural theory approach should not be used for calculating the endogenous part of exergy destruction because it delivers unacceptable results. Splitting the exergy destruction into endogenous and exogenous parts improves our understanding of the interactions among system components and provides very useful information for improving an exergy conversion system, particularly when this concept is combined with the concept of avoidable and unavoidable exergy destruction.     

基于集总参数法的坦克发动机热性能模型

发展了一个基于集总参数法的坦克发动机热性能模型，考虑了发动机燃烧室的传热、发动机主要部件的传热、冷却系统和润滑系统的工作及坦克动力舱内的空气流动，建立了燃烧气体与发动机部件、各部件之间、部件与冷却液、部件与润滑油、部件与动力舱空气之间的热耦合计算公式．对一台坦克涡轮增压柴油机的热性能进行了实例计算，结果证实这个模型可以用于坦克发动机热性能的研究．     

车用内燃机整机热平衡动态传热模型

提出了一个基于集总参数法的发动机动态热平衡模型,考虑了发动机燃烧室的传热、发动机主要部件的传热、冷却系统和润滑系统的工作。建立了燃烧气体与发动机部件、各部件之间、部件与冷却液、部件与润滑油、部件与周围空气之间的热耦合计算公式,对一台单缸柴油机的热平衡及主要部件的温度进行了计算．结果证实该模型可用于发动机热平衡的研究。     

吸气过滤器应力有限元分析及优化设计

针对某吸气过滤器各部件结构的应力仿真计算和强度分析问题,根据有限元理论和方法建立了有限元计算模型,采用ANSYS Workbench进行应力计算,得到了各部件的变形云图和应力分布云图。在应力分析的基础上,根据材料力学的相关理论和压力容器的相关标准对模型进行应力评定和强度分析,应力计算结果显示,有两个部件不能满足强度要求。对两个问题部件进行结构优化,优化后的所有部件结构均能满足强度要求,为吸气过滤器材料成本的降低提供了一种有效的方法。     

那邦电站发电机主要部件有限元分析

为确保那邦电站高转速水轮发电机各主要部件结构的合理可靠性,采用CATIA三维设计软件对发电机定子机座、转子磁轭、磁极、上机架各主要核心受力部件建立几何模型,并用MSC.patran建立计算模型,根据发电机自身的受力特点确定各部件的工况及边界条件,运用有限元受力分析找出了各主要部件受力的薄弱点,使结构性能得以进一步优化。计算结果及实际运行情况表明,有限元计算给发电机各主要部件的结构设计及材料合理选用提供了很好的支持,保障了发电机长期安全稳定运行。     

A probabilistic model for 1st stage dimensioning of renewable hydrogen transport micro-economies

The implementation of a hydrogen transport economy based on renewable energy sources is seen by many as the ultimate sustainable transport solution. However, dimensioning of hydrogen production systems is complex: renewable energy sources are stochastic in nature, requiring the collection of empirical datasets relating to weather patterns on a daily, seasonal and annual basis; and hydrogen production is characterised by sensitivity to operating conditions and diversity in the performance of the component parts.A probabilistic model is developed for dimensioning of hydrogen production systems that removes the reliance on the collection of empirical datasets and the requirement for detailed performance characterisation of component parts. The model utilises well known correlations and distribution modelling techniques to predict energy output from either a photovoltaic array or wind turbine and hence the number of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) that could be supported on an annual basis.The model was implemented in MatLab and simulation results were compared with existing empirical based studies. Through simulation, limitations of the model were investigated and discussed. It was shown that the model was able to predict the number of FCEVs supported to within 10% (solar pathway) and 22% (wind pathway) for those studies investigated. These results are in alignment with the intention of the model as a first stage tool for the dimensioning of renewable hydrogen energy transport micro-economies.     

A new estimation method of irradiance on a partially shaded PV generator in grid-connected photovoltaic systems

A new method for estimating the irradiance on a partially shaded photovoltaic generator system is proposed. The basic principle of this method consists of two parts: firstly, an approximation of the obstacles’ outline or the local horizon by a set of linear functions. Here, a survey of the surroundings is based on the reading of the topographic coordinates of the only significant points of all the objects surrounding the photovoltaic generator. Secondly, the irradiance on the photovoltaic plane is estimated using an accurate model such as the Perez et al. model and assuming that the shading affects both the direct radiation and a part of the diffuse component (circumsolar component).The aim of this paper is to present the principles of the proposed method and the algorithm used for calculating the irradiance on shaded planes. In addition, the results of the comparison between the simulated and measured values of this method are presented.     

大型轴承非线性行为模拟及应用

有限元计算中采用link10单元组模拟大型轴承的滚子，正确地考虑了轴承的非线性行为及其对其他部件的影响，简化了计算模型并大大缩短了计算时间，使风力发电机组主要部件的强度分析变得快捷和精确。     

Advanced exergetic evaluation of refrigeration machines using different working fluids

Splitting the exergy destruction into endogenous/exogenous and unavoidable/avoidable parts has many advantages for the detailed analysis of energy conversion systems. Endogenous is the exergy destruction obtained when all other system components are ideal and the component being considered operates with its real efficiency. The difference between total and endogenous exergy destruction is the exogenous exergy destruction caused within the component being considered by the irreversibilities in the remaining components and the structure of the overall system. Unavoidable is the part of exergy destruction within one system component that cannot be eliminated even if the best available technology in the near future would be applied. The avoidable exergy destruction is the difference between total and unavoidable exergy destruction. These concepts enhance an exergy analysis and assist in improving the quality of the conclusions obtained from this analysis. The paper presents the combined application of both concepts to vapor-compression refrigeration machines using different one-component working fluids (R125, R134a, R22 and R717) as well as azeotropic (R500) and zeotropic (R407C) mixtures. The purpose of the paper is not to evaluate these working fluids, some of which cannot be used in future, but to demonstrate the effect of different material properties on the results of advanced exergy analysis.     

增压天然气发动机的研制

本文主要介绍12V190ZDT-2型天然气发动机技术参数、优化结构设计以及关键技木试验研究等,还给出了发动机调试结果。