供热系统的供热调节

文章着重对热水锅炉供热系统的经济运行进行阐述，并根据室外空气温度的变比，对热水采暖系统进行有效的温度调节和流量调节，总结了供热参数的调整规律，满足了采暖指标。     

关于热水供热系统的供热调节

讲述了对各种热水供热系统,调节方法,进行了比较和分析。     

分布式输配供热系统的节能优化分析

介绍了分布式输配供热系统及其相对于传统供热系统的优势。使用Trnsys模拟软件对居住建筑进行了仿真模拟,分别模拟在分布式输配供热系统的二次网中采用不同的供水温度时,室内的供热效果。通过对建筑物一个供暖季内的逐时室内温度进行模拟,分别得出了不同供水温度下室内的舒适度,以及在不同室外温度下,最佳的供水温度,提出了优化后的变温度控制策略。     

企业供热系统的节能分析

通过对制材企业供热系统存在问题的分析，找出供热系统效率低下的原因，提出节能潜力存在的方向和改进措施。     

常压锅炉与压力锅炉在供热系统中的能耗对比

通过对常压锅炉与压力锅炉支运行中的对比分析提出了常被人忽视常压锅炉能耗较高的产工进行了详细的计算。     

北京大兴机场供热系统运行优化与能耗管控

为有效保障用户服务品质,降低系统运行能耗,推导出最佳供回水温差的理论计算公式,进而将单位面积度日数供热量的管控指标转化为供热系统运行调节参数,并通过引入运行评估机制,确保运行目标得以实现。     

供热系统的管理和新技术应用

供热系统一般是指锅炉房、热网管道、凝结水回收、管道保温、阀门、疏水阀和有关仪表。从广义上讲还应包括用热工艺上的合理用热,从目的上讲应包括安全、环保和节能。为了达到这些目的,必须要搞好供热系统的管理工作和不断采用新技术。目前上海的供热系统现状:上海供热系统能耗约占上海总能耗的20％左右,但供热系统热损失大,锅炉的平均运行效率布65％左右,热网管道损失在5～10％,疏水器的漏汽率大于10％,凝结水回收率极低。估计热网总损失在50％左右,而国外工业发达国家锅炉效率可达90％,热网管道损失在5％以内,疏水器漏汽率在3％以内,凝结水回收率可达60—80％,因此热网总损失可以降低到25％以下。二者相比,相差一倍以上,这说明我们上海供热系统的节能潜力很大,节能工作大有可为。 现在分别将目前上海这方面的情况简述如下:     

地板辐射式供暖的能耗分析

依据辐射供热室内辐射与对流综合作用的传热规律,计算和分析了地板辐射式采暖房间能耗的构成及影响因素,给出在相同舒适度条件下,几种常见的围护结构地板辐射式供暖房间的能耗随地表面加热温度的变化关系,并与相应的对流式采暧进行了对比。     

Analysis of cooling,heating, and power systems based on site energy consumption

Feasibility of cooling, heating, and power systems frequently is based on economic considerations such as energy prices. However, a most adequate feasibility of CHP systems must be based on energy consumption followed by economic considerations. CHP systems designs must yield economical savings, but more importantly must yield real energy savings based on the best energy performance. For CHP systems, energy savings is related to primary energy and not to site energy. This paper presents a mathematical analysis demonstrating that CHP systems increase the site energy consumption (SEC). Increasing the SEC could yield misleading results in the economic feasibility of CHP systems. Three different operation modes are evaluated: (a) cooling, heating, and power; (b) heating and power; and (c) cooling and power, to represent the operation of the system throughout the year. Results show that CHP systems increase site energy consumption; therefore primary energy consumption (PEC) should be used instead of SEC when designing CHP systems.     

Analysis of combined cooling,heating, and power systems based on source primary energy consumption

Combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) is a cogeneration technology that integrates an absorption chiller to produce cooling, which is sometimes referred to as trigeneration. For building applications, CCHP systems have the advantage to maintain high overall energy efficiency throughout the year. Design and operation of CCHP systems must consider the type and quality of the energy being consumed. Type and magnitude of the on-site energy consumed by a building having separated heating and cooling systems is different than a building having CCHP. Therefore, building energy consumption must be compared using the same reference which is usually the primary energy measured at the source. Site-to-source energy conversion factors can be used to estimate the equivalent source energy from site energy consumption. However, building energy consumption depends on multiple parameters. In this study, mathematical relations are derived to define conditions a CCHP system should operate in order to guarantee primary energy savings.     

Energy consumption in greenhouses and selection of an optimized heating system with minimum energy consumption

In this paper, heat loss is precisely computed by a proposed code considering different climates. Estimating the costs of different central heating system, unit heaters were selected as the most feasible system. Finally, considering the heating capacity and unit heater's dimensions a computational fluid dynamics model was developed to find the optimized configuration of unit heaters in a typical greenhouse. Using this model, the required thermal load for a greenhouse based on the daily temperature of Arak city in 2017 was computed with a smart control system. It was found that savings in energy consumption were approximately 5447 m³ of natural gas each year.     

地板辐射采暖和风机盘管采暖室内热环境及能耗比较

对地板辐射和风机盘管两种采暖方式进行了实验研究和理论分析，提出了围护结构临界热阻临的概念，推导出了两个采暖系统的热舒适性随围护结构热阻和冷风渗透量波动的变化关系。实验验证了地板辐射采暖既改善了室内热环境又显示较好的节能效果。     

Combining a new baseboard radiator with a fan coil system for improving heating performance and reduce energy consumption

In the present work, the heating performance of a new system combined with a new modified baseboard radiator and fan coil is investigated. Using longitudinal fins with special geometry and also forced airflow at the end of the system causes that at the lower inlet water temperature compared with the conventional models, higher heat output rate be obtained. The heat output rate of the new modified system is obtained by experimental metrology based on the European Standard No. EN-442. Temperature and velocity distribution in the room space is done by simulation of the modified system in the Flovent software. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results are validated against experimental results and there is a good agreement between them. Also, the energy consumption of the system during the winter season is calculated in TRANSYS software. Experimental results show that the heat output rate of a new modified heating system with inlet water temperature in the range of 45–55°C is on average 4.17 times higher compared with the conventional model. CFD simulation also showed that the combined system provides good thermal comfort conditions. Energy consumption of the new system reduced about 13% compared with conventional models.     

轧钢加热炉能耗分析

本文分析了我国轧钢加热炉的能耗状况,指出了我国轧钢加热炉中存在的问题,着重阐述了我国轧钢加热炉的节能措施。这些措施主要有:采用先进工艺;对加热炉进行技术改造和采用节能型加热炉;加强节能管理等。     

供热系统中动力设备的节能问题分析

分析了供热系统中动力设备能耗偏高的原因,主要为低负荷率运行和阀门调节造成的节流损失;比较了不同流量调节方法的特点;指出应通过动力设备容量的合理配置配合合适的调速方法以保证动力设备高效运行;分析了不同设备的合理调节范围;并利用具体方案比较分析了变频调节的节能幅度。     

Impact of climate change on building heating energy consumption in Tianjin

This paper investigated the variation of building heating energy consumption caused by global warming in Tianjin, China. Based on the hourly historical and monthly projected future (B1/A1B emissions scenarios) meteorological data, the variation of those relevant meteorological parameters was first analyzed. A TRNSYS simulation model for a reference building was introduced to investigate historical variation of office building energy consumption. The results showed that the 10-year-average heating energy consumption of 2001–2010 had reduced by 16.1% compared to that of 1961–1970. By conducting principal component analysis and regression analysis, future variation of building heating load was studied. For B1/A1B emissions scenarios, the multi-year-average heating load was found to decrease by 9.7% (18.1%)/10.2% (22.7%) compared to that of 1971–2010 by 2011–2050 (2051–2100).     

一种新型的供暖方式——地板辐射供暖

简要介绍了地板辐射供暖系统的原理,并与传统的供暖方式作对比,被认为是目前最理想的一种供暖方式,市场前景广阔。