基于截面特征约束的涡轮叶片重构技术

为了解决涡轮叶片在其产品改型、气动优化、叶片修复等实际工程问题需要建立实物数字化模型的问题,采用截面特征技术与二维草图约束功能相结合应用于模型重构。针对涡轮叶片几何特征和气动设计要求,将涡轮叶片点云切片截面曲线分层表达为曲线元并分段进行差值拟合,基于二维草图约束技术对截面曲线进行几何特征约束,构造出满足约束条件与数据点逼近的最优曲线并放样生成曲面。结果表明,基于截面特征的反求工程技术与二维草图曲线约束优化技术相结合,可以快速、准确构造出复杂曲面,提高了逆向建模的效率,为快速重构模型提供了一种方法。     

发动机叶片的反求设计和检测分析

叶片作为航空发动机的关键部件之一,其形状的不规则性和复杂性,使得发动机叶片实体建模比一般实体复杂得多。逆向造型软件的出现为复杂形状的叶片数字化建模提供了有力的技术手段。通过三维激光扫描机对叶片的三维形状信息进行采集,然后利用逆向软件Surfacer和Geomagic Studio交互使用对所采集的数据进行处理,并在Geomagic Studio中进行曲面重构。然后通过逆向模型快速检测软件Geomagic Qualify中的叶片检测技术对重构的曲面和原始点云模型进行三维误差比较、叶片截面二维误差比较和截面二维扭曲分析,为发动机叶片的数字化设计检测提供了依据。     

逆向工程特征点提取与参数化建模方法研究

通过对逆向建模特点与参数化建模方法的研究,提出一种特征截面轮廓线提取与参数化设计的逆向建模新思路。首先,以Geomagic Studio软件完成对电动汽车车头扫描数据预处理,实现特征截面插入与特征轮廓线的提取,并在CATIA软件中进行曲率分析;其次,通过分析特征曲线曲率变化识别特征点,并测量出特征点三维数据;最后,运用Visaul Basic对CATIA进行二次开发,以特征点数据为参数,生成截面特征样条曲线,再进行曲面重构,实现参数化设计的逆向建模。结果表明:以Geomagic Studio与CATIA软件为平台,完成了截面插入和曲率分析,获取了特征轮廓线及特征点三维数据,实现了逆向特征提取与参数化设计相结合的建模方法。     

基于UG的水轮机叶片的逆向反求

借助三坐标测量机测量叶片原始点数据并在三维CAD软件UGS NX中用进行三维造型的逆向反求工程方法.叶片建模的点数据来自实物叶片的测量资料,包括样板曲线和叶片表面上不规则的测量点云.逆向反求过程为数据采集、数据处理转换、数据导入、创建叶片轮廓曲线、用三维数据创建叶片轴面型线、创建叶片网格曲线、创建叶片外表面曲面、创建叶...     

以UG为平台的逆向工程数据处理技术

基于UG基础平台,应用逆向工程点云切片数据提取理论开发逆向工程模块.通过建立多个与点云数据相交截面,提取点云数据的特征边界点,再将特征点拟合成线,线拟合成面或体.实例显示该模块能有效地从散乱点云数据中提取特征点,实现在UG环境下逆向建模.该方法也解决了UG从部分逆向软件导入后数据不能编辑、修改的问题.     

汽轮机动叶片叶型数控编程研究与设计

汽轮机动叶片的叶型是一种具有代表性的复杂曲面零件。针对叶身型面进行点三维数据采集,采用某一段程序数据结合软件,构造了汽轮机动叶片叶身部分某一截面;再采用全部数据代用曲面混合的参数化建模方法对叶型进行三维实体造型。由此通过CAM的功能对叶片进行数控加工仿真加工研究,巧妙的设计工艺参数,生成合理的NC代码。在叶片的参数化设计和加工处于不同软件环境下,使数控仿真加工的质量和效率不受环境的影响,从编程设计阶段保证数控加工程序的正确,具有一定的指导意义。     

船用螺旋桨的逆向建模研究

为了缩短船用螺旋桨的再设计周期,降低再设计难度,针对船用螺旋桨提出了一种基于逆向设计软件Geomagic Design X和三维建模软件UG的逆向建模方法。详细介绍了螺旋桨的逆向建模过程和主要操作流程,通过比较放样和面片拟合生成叶片NURBS曲面的方法和原理,得到一种合适的叶片曲面作为叶片重构的基础。采用Geomagic Quality软件对螺旋桨进行整体精度分析,结果发现螺旋桨重构模型和螺旋桨点云数据之间的偏差在允许范围之内,验证了此螺旋桨逆向建模方法的可行性,同时为类似的逆向建模提供了思路。     

叶片零件的逆向建模与偏差对比分析

通过对叶片自由曲面逆向建模特点与特征建模方法的研究,结合逆向设计软件Geomagic Design X,提出一种以特征点云提取曲面特征截面线的逆向建模方法。详细介绍了如何利用面片草图功能提取特征截面线,并利用提取的截面线实现零件的逆向建模。最后对所建模型进行了偏差对比分析,结果表明:该建模方法有效可行,可提高曲面的建模精度与光顺度,为复杂曲面类零件的逆向设计提供了一种新的建模方法。     

矿用轴流通风机叶片三维几何模型反求重构

通风机叶片形状是影响通风机气动性能的关键因素,为了引进和吸收先进的矿用轴流通风机叶片设计技术,采用反求技术对其三维几何模型进行反求重构.首先,根据通风机叶片设计特点规划测量路径,应用三坐标测量机(CMM)对矿用轴流通风机叶片表面曲面进行测量,提取通风机叶片表面曲面的三维点云数据.然后,在反求软件UG中,利用最小二乘拟合曲线检查法对所提取的点云数据进行异常点的剔除,运用弦高-夹角综合法进行点云数据的精简.最后,采用非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)对各截面数据点进行曲线拟合,并使用通过曲线组生成曲面的方法重构了矿用轴流通风机叶片的三维几何模型,这对矿用轴流通风机计算流体力学模拟和叶片优化设计具有重要意义.     

基于双测量设备的涡轮精确逆向重构方法

针对车用涡轮增压器中涡轮的结构特征,考虑不同测量设备的特性,提出了一种采用两种测量设备构建涡轮精确逆向模型的方法.通过非接触结构光三维扫描仪获取涡轮叶片点云数据,采用分区域处理法得到涡轮曲面模型,利用二维投影仪得到涡轮外轮廓边界形状和准确尺寸,将其与曲面模型进行数据匹配,在CAD软件中对匹配的曲面进行边界修整,完成涡轮三维建模.利用本方法能可靠重构涡轮三维模型,缩短设计开发的周期.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.