改性稀土沸石吸附剂的脱氮除磷性能研究

以沸石为载体、稀土元素为活性组分,通过浸渍、干燥、焙烧、筛分等工序后制成了污水脱氮除磷的稀土吸附剂。结果表明：稀土吸附剂对磷的吸附容量由沸石的2mg/g提高到25mg/g,而对氨氮的吸附容量提高较小（1～3mg/g）。当进水氨氮10mg/L、磷5mg/L、pH 4～7时,经稀土吸附剂处理后的出水pH 6～9、氮磷的去除率分别达到80%和99%。当稀土吸附剂再生10次时,脱氮效率是新鲜稀土吸附剂的90%,除磷效率则为80%。     

氧化铈改性沸石脱氮的研究

用浸渍焙烧法制备稀土吸附剂,用于静态脱氮实验。结果表明,氧化铈改性的稀土吸附剂吸附性能优于氧化镧和氧化镧-氧化铈复合改性的稀土吸附剂;当吸附剂用量为2 g/L,进水pH为4~6,吸附时间为2.5 h,氧化铈改性稀土吸附剂对模拟废水氨氮浓度为20 mg/L的吸附率达到80.23%;吸附剂再生6次后氨氮的去除率下降不到7%,说明吸附剂具有较好的稳定性。     

高岭土负载壳聚糖处理铬渣污染地下水

采用高岭土负载壳聚糖复合吸附剂吸附处理铬渣污染的地下水,确定了最佳反应条件:壳聚糖与高岭土质量比为0.06,pH为4,吸附时间60 min,吸附剂用量为2.00 g/L,在此条件下去除率可达94.67%,Cr(Ⅵ)由0.5mg/L降至0.026 mg/L,可满足GB/T 14848—1993的Ⅲ类标准要求。该吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附过程符合Freundlich、Langmuir和D-R吸附等温模型,主要以物理吸附为主。研究表明高岭土负载壳聚糖适于处理铬渣污染的地下水。     

香蕉皮生物炭及生物质吸附水中六价铬的研究

利用生物质香蕉皮和生物炭香蕉皮作为吸附剂,探究吸附剂性质、吸附剂量、pH、铬溶液初始浓度、震荡时间对香蕉皮吸附Cr⁶⁺效果的影响。结果表明：生物质香蕉皮的吸附效果高于生物炭香蕉皮的吸附效果,最佳吸附条件为：不做任何改性处理、吸附剂量0.2 g、模拟废液pH为2、Cr⁶⁺初始浓度为12.5 mg/mL、震荡时间45 min,在此条件下香蕉皮对Cr⁶⁺的去除率为98.77%、单位吸附量为6.17 mg/g,经吸附处理后的溶液含Cr⁶⁺浓度为0.15 mg/mL。     

粘土层孔材料处理含铬废水的研究

研究了以粘土层孔材料作为吸附剂 ,以F0 2为添加剂对含铬电镀废水的处理 ,并对其吸附性能作了初步探讨。试验表明在不改变原水 pH值的条件下 ,吸附剂用量为 2 5 g/L ,还原剂用量为0 5g/L ,处理后水中残留铬浓度为 0 2mg/L ,远低于国标GB8978 1996一级排放标准 ;试验结果还表明 :粘土层孔材料吸附铬的反应符合Freundlich吸附经验式     

碳羟磷灰石对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附研究

饮用水中铬含量超标将导致致畸、致癌、致突变。文章以废弃的鸡蛋壳为原料、尿素为添加剂,采用水热合成法合成新型的碳羟磷灰石吸附剂,用以处理含铬废水。研究了pH、吸附剂投加量、吸附时间、六价铬初始质量浓度、反应温度等对吸附含铬废水中六价铬效果的影响。结果表明:室温下,不调节原水pH,吸附剂投加量为4 g/L,吸附时间为20 min左右,对初始浓度为50 mg/L的模拟含铬废水其吸附容量达到0.26 mg/g。     

微波稀土改性无机有机膨润土的制备及除磷的研究

通过浸渍微波辐射法制备镧和CTMA改性的稀土吸附剂,探讨了吸附剂对磷的吸附性能。实验表明:①制备无机稀土吸附剂的适宜条件为:硫酸浓度15%,镧浓度0.4%,浸渍pH值10,微波功率340 W,辐射时间为5 min;②制备有机稀土吸附剂的适宜条件为:表面活性剂浸泡浓度为5%,微波功率为166 W,微波辐射时间为6 min;③无机稀土吸附剂当溶液的pH值为3~6,振荡时间为45 min时,对磷去除率为99%以上,吸附量达到了41 mg/g以上,有机稀土吸附剂当溶液的pH为3~4,振荡时间为45 min时,其效果比原来镧改性的无机吸附剂吸附量提高了30%,磷去除率为99%以上,吸附量达到了60 mg/g以上。从而为含磷废水的深度处理提供了一条高效、经济的新途径。     

硅藻土-沸石复合吸附剂去除水体中氮磷的试验研究

本文主要通过静态吸附试验研究了硅藻土-沸石作为复合吸附剂对氮磷废水的处理效率,试验结果表明:与硅藻土或沸石相比,复合吸附剂对氮磷具有较强的吸附能力.吸附试验的最佳条件为:对于该吸附剂去除氨氮,pH=8,初始浓度为40 mg/L,吸附时间为350 min,吸附剂用量20 g/L;对于该吸附剂去除磷,初始浓度为5 mg/L,吸附时间为120 min,吸附剂用量20 g/L.     

超声辅助改性玉米须吸附重金属离子Cr(Ⅵ)的研究

研究了超声辅助下改性玉米须对重金属离子Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能,主要从吸附剂用量、溶液pH值、铬离子初始浓度、吸附温度、吸附时间等方面进行了实验,确定了最佳的吸附条件。实验表明,在经氨水改性,溶液pH=5,铬离子起始浓度30 mg/L,吸附剂用量为3.5 g/L,吸附时间150 min,吸附温度55℃时,玉米须对铬的吸附性可以达到80.27%。由此可见玉米须对Cr(Ⅵ)有明显的吸附作用。     

铈-四氧化三铁复合材料吸附水中6价铬的研究

采用化学共沉淀法制备铈-四氧化三铁复合材料,并研究铈-四氧化三铁复合材料对水中6价铬的吸附,考察p H、吸附剂投加量对6价铬去除率的影响,同时进行动力学以及吸附等温实验,探讨其吸附规律。结果表明,在模拟铬废水初始质量浓度为20 mg/L、p H为2、吸附剂投加量为0.2 g,对6价铬的去除率达到97.51%。铈-四氧化三铁复合材料吸附处理6价铬的行为符合拟2级动力学以及Freundlich吸附等温方程,吸附过程为吸热过程。铈-四氧化三铁复合材料吸附6价铬属于优惠吸附。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。