含氯混凝土中钢筋宏电池腐蚀的研究

为了确定含氯混凝土中钢筋的宏电池腐蚀的特性 ,研究了钢筋腐蚀速度与混凝土电阻间的关系。在宏电池阴阳极之间串联可变电阻来模拟混凝土电阻的变化。实验结果显示钢筋腐蚀反应的自然腐蚀电位主要为阳极反应决定 ,而腐蚀反应速度为阴极反应控制。混凝土电阻对钢筋腐蚀反应速度影响很大。     

含氯混凝土中钢筋宏电池腐蚀的研究

为了确定含氯混凝土中钢筋的宏电池腐蚀的特性,研究了钢筋腐蚀速度与混凝土电阻间的关系。在宏电池阴阳极之间串联可变电阻来模拟混凝土电阻的变化。实验结果显示钢筋腐蚀反应的自然腐蚀电位主要为阳极反应决定,而腐蚀反应速度为阴极反应控制。混凝土电阻对钢筋腐蚀反应速度影响很大。     

宏电池腐蚀阴极保护不足的危害

对地下管线上作用强度最大的氧浓差宏电池腐蚀进行了阴极保护研究，发现对宏电池腐蚀阴极保护不足时，不能抑制腐蚀，反而会加速腐蚀，这与对微电池腐蚀阴极保护不足时的效果不同。认为用电位值低于０．８５Ｖ的电位进行阴极保护，称为对氧浓差宏电池阴极保护不足，只有达到完全保护时，才能起到阴极保护作用。这对阴极保护现场施工具有重要的指导意义。     

砂浆板中钢筋的感抗特性和腐蚀监控

利用交流感抗技术监控海洋环境中灰浆板钢筋的腐蚀行为，钢筋置于灰浆板厚度方向的不同深度，即5mm,10mm,20mm,40mm，在3％NaCl溶液中先浸8h，再在室温条件下置16h，如此干湿交替80次，由于强化了阳极溶解，所以初期加快了腐蚀率，在中后期钢筋的腐蚀率仍较高，且腐蚀电位稍正，其腐蚀电位值的高低与钢筋位置的不同深度有关。     

氢渗透电流法监测海洋大气中钢材的腐蚀速率

用Devnathan-Stachurski双电解池技术,对16Mn钢表面干湿循环时氢渗透现象进行了研究,结果表明不同表面液膜下,都有氢渗透电流的存在.氢离子渗透量与试样腐蚀失重之间存在线性关系.利用此线性关系制作的实时监测氢渗透电流的传感器,用以记录实际海洋大气中氢渗透电流,并根据氢离子渗透量与腐蚀失重之间的线性关系对海洋大气中钢材的腐蚀速率进行预测.结果表明,实际海洋大气中,氢渗透电流与环境湿度存在着对应关系,环境湿度由大变小时,氢渗透电流由小变大.环境湿度交替变化,在试样表面完成干湿循环,促进了氢的渗透,实际海洋大气与摸拟海洋大气失重取得了较好的一致性.可以用氢渗透电流传感器实时监测海洋用钢在大气中的氢渗透情况及腐蚀失重情况.     

电池内阻测试仪电阻参数的校准

针对电池内阻测试仪测量电阻参数的特殊性,文章通过介绍三种不同的测试方法,论述了如何模拟电池真实情况校准电池内阻测试仪电阻参数。经过对此三种测试方法测试原理的比较和多次测试数据的分析,发现改良后的测试方法符合电池内阻测试仪电阻参数的校准要求,数据稳定,操作简单。     

碳纳米管膜表面金属化用于高电流输出柔性锂离子电池

采用磁控溅射技术对碳纳米管膜进行表面金属化处理,制备了导电性能优异的碳纳米管/金属复合薄膜,其电导率为纯碳纳米管膜的10倍(碳纳米管膜电导率为300 S·cm^-1)。以这种复合薄膜为集流体组装的柔性锂离子电池,具有比以纯碳纳米管膜作为集流体更优异的倍率性能(5 C倍率下比容量仍可保持132.6 mAh·g^-1)、大倍率循环性能(5 C倍率200圈循环后仍具有74.4%的容量保持率)和更大的输出电流(0.4 A)。     

316L不锈钢焊缝腐蚀微电池的形成机理

为了探究316L不锈钢焊缝腐蚀微电池的形成机理,通过微观组织观察及电化学试验进行了分析。采用扫描电镜(SEM)对焊件三区(焊缝区、热影响区、母材区)的形貌及元素组成进行了观察分析,采用金相显微镜观察微观组织,并确定晶粒度及非金属夹杂物及其分布。结果表明:316L不锈钢焊缝形成腐蚀微电池的倾向与元素组成、非金属夹杂物和晶粒度大小等因素紧密相关;焊缝三区腐蚀电位、腐蚀电流不同,耐蚀性能差异较大,因而腐蚀电位最低的热影响区与腐蚀电位最高的母材区在电解液中比较容易形成腐蚀微电池,且热影响区可视为此微电池的阳极,腐蚀进程较快。     

用电阻探针法研究水环境中钢筋混凝土的腐蚀行为

混凝土中钢筋腐蚀十分严重,为了对混凝土内钢筋腐蚀进行在线监测,设计了箔栅电阻探针试样及钢筋腐蚀监测仪.介绍了电阻探针监测系统的原理及组成,采用电阻探针法测量了10 mm和20 mm两种混凝土保护层厚度的试样浸泡在青岛海水全浸区、潮差区和长江港淡水环境以及实验室内3%氯化钠溶液中的钢丝电阻腐蚀情况,由电阻值变化可计算出钢丝腐蚀率.试验结果表明,电阻探针法能实时地监测混凝土中钢筋腐蚀的行为.     

Chloride corrosion of steel fibre reinforcement in cement mortar

This paper presents an experimental study on the corrosion resistance of steel fibres and steel bar reinforcement in cement mortar. The mortar matrix incorporated various amounts of calcium chloride from 2 to 10%, and the rate of corrosion was monitored by the electrode potential method. The structure of the mortar and the steel surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the addition of calcium chloride modified the microstructure of the mortar matrix, both its water absorption capacity and its porosity increased with increasing amounts of calcium chloride. The electric potential measurements showed that while the bar reinforcement displayed corrosion at 2% calcium chloride, the fibres did not indicate any harmful corrosion until the chloride content was 6%. Chloride admixtures added to concrete may thus be less harmful to steel in steel fibre concrete than in reinforced concrete.     

On the corrosion risk presented by chloride bound in concrete

In previous work the influence of the solid phases of cement hydration on the pore solution chemistry during corrosion initiation has been discussed. It was noted that, because a fall in local pH is necessary for stable pits to develop on the passive steel, much of the chloride bound in concrete may participate in the process of corrosion initiation. At least two phases in hydrated ordinary Portland cement (OPC) will release such bound chloride before the pH falls to 11. In this work, these studies have been extended to include OPC blended with 10% calcium aluminate cement (CAC) and sulphate resisting Portland cement (SRPC). Evidence of a third phase that releases bound chloride was uncovered. Once again the data confirms that most of the bound chloride will be released by a relatively small reduction in pH. The release of chloride at such a high pH value compared to that required to sustain passive film breakdown suggests that the corrosion risk presented by bound chloride may be very similar to that presented by free chloride in concrete.     

Protection of reinforcement steel corrosion by phenylphosphonic acid pre-treatment PART II: Tests in mortar medium

A pre-treatment of steel reinforcement in mortar by a 72 h immersion in 0.1 M phenyl-phosphonic acid (C₆H₅P(O)(OH)₂; PPA) was investigated. Then effectiveness of this procedure for protection against the corrosion of steel bars embedded in pre- or post-addition of sodium chloride mortar was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, visual inspection, SEM, and EDS analyses.The results showed that for non-treated steel reinforcement, the charge transfer resistance (R_t) decreases considerably with time indicating a very advanced state of corrosion after 54 months corrosion test. In contrast, for pre-treated steel rebar, this resistance remains high reflecting the effectiveness of the pre-treatment method against corrosion. The corrosion rate evaluated from the charge transfer resistance at 54 months corrosion in chloride containing medium was 0.5 μm year⁻¹.     

Examples of reinforcement corrosion monitoring by embedded sensors in concrete structures

An increasing number of concrete structures are being monitored to enhance their durability. However, the literature provides only some guidance for the interpretation of the monitoring results [Broomfield JP. Corrosion of steel in concrete, understanding investigation and repair. 2nd ed. UK: Taylor & Francis; 2006; Andrade C, Alonso C. On-site measurements of corrosion rate of reinforcements. Constr Build Mater 2001;15(2–3):141–45; EN 206 2000. Concrete—Part 1: specification, performance, production and conformity]. Past experience shows the difficulty of interpreting the data collected due to the influence of temperature and moisture, and of using these data to predict future evolution of any deterioration processes.This paper presents several examples of recorded data for corrosion potential, electrical resistance and corrosion rates, along with a methodology to obtain a representative corrosion rate, averaged per year. The representative value can be used in corrosion predictive models to calculate the remaining service life.     

Real-time monitoring of high-temperature corrosion in stainless steels by open-path laser-induced plasma spectrometry

Open-path laser-induced plasma spectrometry (OP-LIPS) represents an appealing alternative for the real-time monitoring of high-temperature processes due to its inherent non-invasive and remote capabilities. In this work, stainless steel samples have been analyzed at 10 meters from the laser source. The effect of the high-temperature conditions to the protective anti-corrosion layer have been analyzed, as well as additional factors such as the type of steel and the exposure time. The number of pulses required to ablate the alteration layer has been found to follow a linear relationship with the square root of the exposure time, in excellent agreement with the off-line thermogravimetric measurements described in the literature.     

Improvement of pitting corrosion resistance of stainless steel by electric current pulse

ABSTRACT

The electric current pulse (ECP) was applied on the liquidus of 304 stainless steel during solidification and the pitting corrosion of the water-quenched specimens was explored in the present work. The results revealed that the utilisation of ECP can inhibit manganese sulphide from segregating around oxide inclusions during solidification and consequently, the pitting corrosion resistance of ECPed steel was significantly improved. Hence, the application of ECP during solidification might be an efficient way to improve the pitting corrosion resistance of the 304 stainless steel.

This paper is part of a themed issue on Materials in External Fields.     

Effects of migrating inhibitors on corrosion of reinforcing steel covered with repair mortar

The present study concerns the investigation of the protective effect of migrating corrosion inhibitors, against rebar corrosion, in specimens of repair fiber reinforcement mortars, in relation to these containing corrosion inhibitors. The strain gauge (SG) measurement technique was used for fast corrosion measurements, under anodic potential application in corrosive environment of 3.5% wt NaCl solution. The corrosion protection effectiveness was also tested by galvanic current measurements between different categories of specimens in order to estimate the galvanic corrosion between repaired and non-repaired areas. According to these investigations the positive effect of the migrating corrosion inhibitors in fiber-reinforced mortars against corrosion of the rebars is evident, providing a prevention of steel rebars' corrosion in the cases of repairing concrete structures. The presence of fiber reinforcement in repair mortar specimens prevents the microcracking effects, resulting in decrease of concrete cracking due to reinforcement corrosion.