脂肪腈加氢制备单烷基二甲基叔胺催化剂的研究

通过对催化剂活性组分的筛选,钯/碳(Pd/C)催化剂对脂肪腈与二甲胺反应制备单烷基二甲基叔胺有良好的选择性。采用浸渍-沉淀法制备出负载型Pd/C催化剂,考察了制备过程中溶液体系的pH值和浸渍时间对Pd/C催化剂性能的影响。结果表明:该溶液体系在pH值7.9和浸渍15 h~18 h的条件下得到的Pd/C催化剂对脂肪腈催化加氢制备单烷基二甲基叔胺有较好的催化性能。     

合成气制取异丁烷催化剂的制备及性能

考察了SiO_2,ZSM-5,β和SAPO-34为载体负载Pd基催化剂对合成气制备异丁烷催化性能的影响,结果表明:Pd/β催化剂表现出优异的CO转化率和异丁烷的选择性,通过XRD、NH_3-TPD、BET和SEM对催化剂进行了表征,发现Pd/β催化剂表现出高催化性能,其主要原因在于较高的比表面积和较强的酸性。此外还进一步考察了Pd/β在不同温度和不同压力下对异丁烷的选择性的影响,同时Pd/β催化剂在623K和5.0 MPa下表现出优异的稳定性。     

Pd/AC催化剂制备及其催化完全氧化邻-二甲苯性能

制备了一系列活性炭(AC)负载的贵金属催化剂,并考察了其对邻-二甲苯的完全催化氧化性能,发现Pd/AC是其中活性最高的催化剂。重点研究了制备溶剂、预处理、负载量以及反应空速对Pd/AC催化剂催化氧化邻-二甲苯性能的影响。利用比表面积(BET)、热重差热(TG-DTA)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和X射线衍射(XRD)等表征手段,研究了Pd/AC催化剂的物性结构与催化氧化邻-二甲苯性能之间的关系。结果表明,还原态的Pd既是Pd/AC上主要的存在状态,又是催化氧化邻-二甲苯的活性物种。同时,结合气相色谱-质谱仪(GC/MS)对反应产物的检测结果,讨论了邻-二甲苯在Pd/AC催化剂上可能的催化氧化反应机理。     

等离子体法制备Pd/γ-Al2O3催化氧化低浓度CO

采用等离子体法制备Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂,用场发射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对其进行表征,并考察其对催化氧化低浓度CO的性能.结果表明:Pd/γ-Al2O3经等离子体处理,pd2+被还原成单质Pd;催化剂表面Pd颗粒小,分散均匀,而常规浸渍法制备的催化剂有明显的团聚现象.在60℃,空速为15 000 h-...     

ZnAl水滑石负载钯催化剂的制备及催化性能

采用离子交换-还原法制备了系列锌铝水滑石负载钯催化剂Pd/ZnAl-LDH,通过XRD、TEM和ICP对该系列催化剂进行了表征,并对其在低毒溶剂乙醇或水中苯甲醇氧化反应的催化性能进行了详细考察。研究结果表明,反应溶剂、Pd负载量、氧气压力、反应时间等对催化剂的催化性能有很大的影响,当Pd负载质量分数为2%,反应压力为0.2MPa时,Pd/ZnAl-LDH在乙醇溶剂中表现出最佳的催化性能,苯甲醇转化率和苯甲醛选择性可分别达到93.3%和93.6%。     

助剂Ba对Pd/Al_2O_3和Pt/Al_2O_3催化剂的C1-C3烷烃催化燃烧性能的影响

通过浸渍法制备了Al_2O_3负载的Pd和Pt催化剂,考察催化剂的甲烷、乙烷和丙烷催化燃烧活性,以及助剂Ba对催化性能的影响。对于Pd/Al_2O_3催化剂,加入Ba使活性物种PdO颗粒变大和还原温度升高,形成更稳定的PdO活性物种,是Pd-Ba/Al_2O_3催化剂活性提升的主要原因。对于Pt/Al_2O_3催化剂,加入Ba助剂使活性物种Pt0含量降低,PtO_x与Al_2O_3载体相互作用增强,使PtO_x物种更难被还原为Pt~0,导致Pt-Ba/Al_2O_3催化剂活性降低。Pd和Pt催化剂催化烷烃氧化反应活性规律一致:丙烷乙烷甲烷。Pd/Al_2O_3催化剂有利于C—H键活化,Pt/Al_2O_3催化剂有利于C—C键活化。Pt/Al_2O_3催化剂对C1-C3烷烃氧化活性的差别明显大于Pd/Al_2O_3催化剂。Pt/Al_2O_3催化剂对碳比例高的烷烃活性更高。     

Ce改性Pd基整体式催化剂的结构特征及其甲烷催化燃烧性能

分别以拟薄水铝石和添加Ce的拟薄水铝石制备铝溶胶,经过堇青石（Cord）表面涂覆和Pd溶液浸渍,得到浸渍法和溶胶法Ce改性的Pd/γ-Al₂O₃/Cord整体式催化剂。采用XRD、SEM和XPS等对催化剂进行表征,评价其甲烷催化燃烧反应性能,并考察Ce的不同添加方式对催化剂结构和反应性能的影响。结果表明,适量Ce的添加可提高Pd基整体式催化剂的甲烷催化燃烧性能,溶胶法优于浸渍法。随着Ce添加量的增加,浸渍法改性的Pd基催化剂催化性能有所降低,溶胶法则呈现先升高后降低的趋势。溶胶法中Ce的添加物与γ-Al₂O₃涂层充分融合,提高了涂层的热稳定性和活性组分的分散度,0.5Pd/γ-Al₂O₃(3.0Ce)/Cord催化剂催化性能最优。     

CFC-115加氢脱氯制HFC-125 Pd/C催化剂制备研究

以商品化活性炭为载体、贵金属Pd为活性组分,采用浸渍法制备了一系列Pd/C催化剂.在常压固定床微型反应器中,以CFC-115加氢脱氯生产臭氧消耗物质(ODS)替代品HFC-125为目标反应,评价了催化剂的性能.详细考察了载体预处理硝酸浓度、载体粒径、Pd源前驱体及溶剂等制备条件对其催化性能的影响.在研究的范围内,采用粉末活性炭为载体,Pd(NO_3)_2为Pd源,甲醇为溶剂制备的催化剂具有最好的催化性能.     

Ni/H-USY催化剂上甲烷选择性催化还原NOx的性能

考察了不同负载量的Ni/H-USY（ultra stable Y zeolite）催化剂在氧气含量5%情况下甲烷选择性催化还原氮氧化物性能,同时考察了添加微量Pd和Pt对15％(质量分数)Ni催化剂性能的影响.结果表明,催化剂的催化活性与活性组分的含量间存在密切关系,具有一个最佳的负载量.Pd、Pt的添加提高了氮氧化物的去除率,拓宽了反应活化温度的窗口,同时具有较强的抑制N₂O生成的能力.此外采用XRD、TPR等技术对Ni/H-USY体系催化剂的物相结构及氧化还原性能进行了研究,初步探讨了催化剂的催化活性与活性中心的大小与分布之间的关系.     

Pd/γ-Al2O3催化降解苯的研究

针对苯在Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂上的催化降解过程,研究了预处理方式对Pd/γ-Al2O3催化活性的影响,考察了其稳定性,并与Pd-Pt/γ-Al2O3催化剂进行了比较。通过BET和XPS对不同预处理方式下的Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂进行了表征。研究结果表明:预处理方式对于催化剂活性有明显影响,相比H2,反应气预处理也可以提高催化剂的催化性能,并使操作过程简化;与Pd-Pt/γ-Al2O3相比,Pd/γ-Al2O3同样具有良好的催化稳定性。当空速为3 000 h-1,催化降解反应持续120 h后,苯降解率仍维持在99.6%以上。     

Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide from Hydrogen and Oxygen over Palladium Catalyst Supported on SO3H-Functionalized SBA-15

Palladium catalyst supported on SO₃H-functionalized SBA-15 (denoted as Pd/SO₃H-SBA-15) was applied to the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen. For comparison, palladium catalyst supported on SBA-15 (denoted as Pd/SBA-15) was also employed for the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide. Selectivity for hydrogen peroxide, yield for hydrogen peroxide, and final concentration of hydrogen peroxide over Pd/SO₃H-SBA-15 catalyst were much higher than those over Pd/SBA-15 catalyst. The high catalytic performance of Pd/SO₃H-SBA-15 catalyst was attributed to the enhanced acid amount of SO₃H-SBA-15 support, which served as an alternate acid source in the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen.     

Highly active recyclable SBA-15-EDTA-Pd catalyst for Mizoroki-Heck,Stille and Kumada C–C coupling reactions

Highly efficient SBA-15-EDTA-Pd(11) heterogeneous catalyst was synthesized by covalent anchoring Pd-EDTA complex over organo-modified surface of SBA-15. SBA-15-EDTA-Pd(11) catalyst was found to exhibit excellent catalytic activity in appreciable yield for Heck, Stille and Kumada cross-coupling reactions. Catalytic system exhibited excellent activity for completion of reaction, isolation, Pd loading (0.87 mmol%) and yields of products as compared to earlier reported heterogeneous supported Pd catalysts. Covalently anchored heterogeneous SBA-15-EDTA-Pd(11) catalyst can be recycled for more than five times without noticeable loss in activity and selectivity.     

Pd/SBA-15 nanocomposite: Synthesis, structure and catalytic properties in Heck reactions

Pd nanoparticles supported in mesoporous silica SBA-15 (or Pd/SBA-15 nanocomposites) were prepared by ion-exchange with cationic Pd precursor in an alkaline solution on an uncalcined silica. The high Pd loading in these nanocomposites can be achieved up to 5.21 wt.% by adjusting the pH value of the solution. The surface area and the pore volume decrease with increasing Pd loading. The Pd nanoparticles equal to or smaller than 6 nm in size in the nanocomposites are distributed in the channels of the mesoporous SBA-15. The Pd/SBA-15 nanocomposites exhibit excellent catalytic activities and high reuse ability in air for the Heck carbon-carbon coupling reactions.     

Carboncarbon bond forming reactions: Application of covalently anchored 2,4,6-triallyloxy-1,3,5-triazine (TAT) Pd(II) complex over modified surface of SBA-15 to Heck,Suzuki, Sonogashira and Hiyama cross coupling reactions

A highly active SBA-15-TAT-Pd(II) catalyst was synthesized from organofunctionalized SBA-15 and 2,4,6-triallyloxy-1,3,5-triazine. The catalyst was employed in carrying out Heck, “copper-free” Sonogashira, Suzuki and Hiyama cross coupling reactions. Under the optimized conditions the catalyst displays excellent catalytic activity in delivering the desired products in good to excellent yields. The catalytic system exhibited superior activity regarding the time taken for the completion of reaction, isolation, Pd loading (0.62 mmol%) and yields of products as compared to the earlier reported heterogeneous SBA-15 anchored Pd catalysts. The catalyst could be recycled and reused for five times without any appreciable loss of catalytic activity.     

Catalytic transfer dechlorination of chlorobenzene over Pd/SBA-1 mesoporous molecular sieves

New dehalogenation catalysts Pd/SBA-1 mesoporous molecular sieves are synthesized and characterized by N₂ adsorption/desorption, XRD, XPS, FT-IR, DR-UV–vis and AAS. In liquid-phase catalytic transfer hydrogenation of chlorobenzene reaction, low Pd content catalyst Pd/SBA-1 is found to be an efficient catalyst in water/ethanol (2/3) solution of NaOH. The catalyst can easily be recovered and efficiently reused at least three times.     

Pd (1?wt%)/LaMn0.4Fe0.6O3 Catalysts Supported Over Silica SBA-15: Effect of Perovskite Loading and Support Morphology on Methane Oxidation Activity and SO2 Tolerance

Catalysts of palladium (1?wt%) deposited over silica SBA-15 supported LaMn_0.4Fe_0.6O₃ perovskite (with perovskite loading of 10, 30 and 40?wt%), characterized by several techniques (BET, SAXS, XRD, TPR) are tested in the combustion of methane. Bulk LaMn_0.4Fe_0.6O₃ with the corresponding supported Pd catalyst are also considered for comparison purpose. Dispersing LaMn_0.4Fe_0.6O₃ oxide over silica SBA-15 improves the activity of the supported palladium catalysts to an extent depending on the perovskite loading. After ageing at 600?°C for 14?h, Pd catalysts supported over SBA-15 loaded with 30 and 40?wt% of LaMn_0.4Fe_0.6O₃, deactivate less as compared to Pd over bulk perovskite. Moreover, during catalytic tests carried out in the presence of 10?vol. ppm SO₂ these catalysts exhibit better sulphur tolerance and higher regeneration capability as compared to the Pd/LaMn_0.4Fe_0.6O₃. The superior performance of such catalysts is attributed to the good dispersion of the LaMn_0.4Fe_0.6O₃ over the SBA-15, with consequent increase of the perovskite surface area with respect to bulk perovskite. In addition, the porous structure of the silica contributes to a better stabilization of the active species against sintering and acts as a chemical sink during the catalyst exposure to SO₂.     

HPMo/SBA-15催化β-蒎烯二聚反应制备高密度燃料

使用原硅酸四乙基酯、三嵌段共聚物P123制备了SBA-15,并采用浸制法将磷钼酸(HPMo)负载于SBA-15上制得催化剂HPMo/SBA-15.以HPMo/SBA-15催化β-蒎烯进行二聚反应,然后将二聚产物经Pd/C催化加氢反应制得高密度燃料.采用FT-IR,XRD和N2吸附-脱附等温线对HPMo/SBA-15的结...     

Structure and catalytic properties of Pd encapsulated in mesoporous silica SBA-15 fabricated by two-solvent strategy

The two-solvent method was employed to prepare Pd encapsulated in mesoporous silica (Pd/SBA-15). A 3.01 wt% Pd loading was achieved without the loss of pore ordering. Highly dispersed and uniform palladium nanoparticles could be detected using transmission electron microscopy confirming also the absence of large particles outside the mesopore silica. The catalytic activities of the Pd/SBA-15 nanocomposites were investigated in Heck coupling reactions with activated and non-activated aryl substrates. The Pd/SBA-15 nanocomposite exhibits excellent catalytic activities and reuse ability in air for the Heck carbon–carbon coupling reactions.     

Dendritic SBA-15 supported Wilkinson's catalyst for hydroformylation of styrene

After PAMAM (polyamidoamine) dendrimers have been successfully grown in SBA-15 mesoporous materials, Wilkinson's catalyst (RhCl(PPh₃)₃) precursor has been tethered on these dendritic supports to produce heterogeneous catalysts for hydroformylation reaction of styrene. SBA-15 has been functionalized by two methods. In the passivation method, the silanols outside the SBA-15 pores have been passivated to preclude the rhodium precursor to be tethered outside the channels. The rhodium catalysts supported in the pore channels of this passivated SBA-15 show positive dendritic effects in enhancing the catalytic activity, regio-selectivity and stability of the catalyst by minimizing the leaching of the rhodium complex catalyst from the catalyst support to the liquid-phase media.     

V/SBA-15的制备及催化氧化性能研究

以柠檬酸处理过的偏钒酸铵为钒源,采用后合成法制备出了V/SBA-15负载型催化剂,研究其在氧化苯乙烯制苯甲醛反应中的催化性能.结果表明,在钒负载量低于15％时,V/SBA-15仍保持SBA-15的高度有序的二维六方孔道结构,且具有较大的比表面积和孔体积,负载的活性组分金属钒氧化物均匀分布在介孔分子筛表面;在优化条件下催化氧化苯乙烯制苯甲醛,苯乙烯转化率达65.62％,苯甲醛的选择性81.21％,且V/SBA-15具有较好的催化剂稳定性.