磁性纳米粒子在生物传感器中的应用研究进展

磁性纳米粒子是一种新型的纳米材料,可应用于各种生物活性物质如蛋白质、DNA等的富集和分离、药物的磁靶向以及疾病的诊断和治疗等许多领域。由于磁性纳米粒子有着独特的化学和物理性能,已经成功的应用到磁控生物传感器、DNA传感器、蛋白质传感器、酶传感器以及其它类型的生物传感器中,并显著提高了生物传感器检测的灵敏度,缩短了生化反应的时间和提高检测的通量,为生物传感器领域开辟了广阔的前景。     

蛋白质相互作用研究中的计算方法综述

随着分子生物学的研究进入以蛋白质组学为标志的后基因组时代,蛋白质相互作用成为蛋白质组学研究的一个重要主题.因为计算方法代价低和周期短的特点,它被广泛地用来分析相互作用数据从而指导生物学家的实验设计.从蛋白质相互作用网络的构建到分析两个方面综述了蛋白质相互作用研究中的各种计算方法:介绍了通过机器学习方法预测、文本挖掘和评估相互作用的各种技术;特别详细地阐述了相互作用网络的重要参数和典型生物模型,并对运用图论方法分析和计算的各种算法进行了深入的剖析;最后,对蛋白质相互作用的计算研究进行了总结和展望.     

生物信息智能化处理的进展

回顾了人工智能在生物信息处理中的进展,重点介绍了神经网络、符号机器学习和遗传算法在处理生物信息中的应用情况.每种技术都列举了相应的例子,包括了蛋白质折叠预测、病毒蛋白酶分裂预测、分类、序列联配、微集阵列基因表达分析等.同时也介绍了其它一些人工智能技术在生物信息学中的应用动向.     

BIA／MS联用技术及其应用进展

综述近几年发展起来应用表面等离子共振(SPR)检测的生物特异相互作用分析(BIA)与基质辅助激光解吸-飞行时间质谱法(MALDI-TOF-MS)联用技术的分析方法及其在生物技术药物和蛋白质组学分析研究中的应用进展.     

新型免疫检测传感器及其应用

综述新型免疫检测传感器的构成,新的免疫检测系统,免疫检测技术及其在特定生物分子如蛋白质类、肽类及基因工程药物测定中的应用。     

基于蛋白质和纳米材料构建新型电化学生物传感器

随着蛋白质科学的飞速发展,越来越多研究者对基于蛋白质（酶）电子传递而研制新型电化学生物传感器给予了极大兴趣,同时,由于纳米材料的运用,各类新型电化学生物传感器不断报道。该文主要结合自己的工作,介绍几种采用蛋白质和纳米材料而研制的电化学生物传感器,以便与同行们进行交流。所使用的蛋白质主要包括：葡萄糖氧化酶、酪氨酸氧化酶、胆固醇氧化酶以及几种常见的血红素蛋白质如血红蛋白、     

微型Clark氧传感器的进展

氧传感顺是最重要的化学传感器这一。它与生物酶固定技术相结合可制成多种生物传感器。由于集成电路工艺和微机械加工技术的发展，Ｃｌａｒｋ氧传感器的微型化已取得了突破性的进展。本文对这一进展作了综述。     

电化学生物传感器的进展

本文简要介绍生物传感器的基本原理结构、分类、特点及应用评述了电化学传感器在生物传感器发展中的作用和地位，特别是微型电化学传感器的出现大大促进了生物传感器的出现大大促进了生物传感器的发展，微切削加工技术和微电子平面工艺的引入使生物传感器的微型化多功能集成化智能化和机电一体人成为可能，它导致了由单一传感器向完整的分析系统的发展。     

一种新型微流体系统设计与合理性分析

微流体系统作为一种可对流体进行精密控制、操作与检测的技术,其发展为细胞体外培养提供了新的平台,而且可与生物传感器结合构成微流体传感测试系统,大大提高细胞传感检测的精确性、一致性和稳定性。在微系统设计与制造的基础上,提出了一种新型微流体系统结构,应用COMSOL软件建立了微流体系统模型,通过对其流动特性的分析对比,优化了系统结构,系统地研究了其对细胞培养与检测的影响。结果表明:该结构既能实现细胞的长期培养;又能通过精确的微流控制,结合生物传感器,对不同时期或不同病态的细胞进行实时检测和分析。该研究对医用药物测试芯片与微流传感测试系统有着重要的意义。     

计算质谱学中的生物信息学问题及其对策

随着质谱仪器的快速开发与广泛应用,蛋白质组学的兴起,以及计算机软件与网络技术的普及,质谱技术(MassSpectrometry,简称M S)在蛋白质组学中的作用越来越受到重视,特别是在蛋白质鉴定、蛋白质相互作用、翻译后修饰和蛋白质定量等方面,已经成为不可或缺的技术工具。目前国际和国内作蛋白质组学研究的实验室基本上都在大量使用质谱技术,且源源不断地产生着大量的质谱数据,发展的趋势将使数据量增长速度更快,这就为从大量质谱数据中如何提取关键信息方面的研究提出了挑战,这是计算质谱学的研究重点。本文就质谱数据的处理或信息分析,从计算的…     

Microfluidic-based biosensors toward point-of-care detection of nucleic acids and proteins

This article reviews state-of-the-art microfluidic biosensors of nucleic acids and proteins for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. Microfluidics is capable of analyzing small sample volumes (10⁻⁹–10⁻¹⁸ l) and minimizing costly reagent consumption as well as automating sample preparation and reducing processing time. The merger of microfluidics and advanced biosensor technologies offers new promises for POC diagnostics, including high-throughput analysis, portability and disposability. However, this merger also imposes technological challenges on biosensors, such as high sensitivity and selectivity requirements with sample volumes orders of magnitude smaller than those of conventional practices, false response errors due to non-specific adsorption, and integrability with other necessary modules. There have been many prior review articles on microfluidic-based biosensors, and this review focuses on the recent progress in last 5 years. Herein, we review general technologies of DNA and protein biosensors. Then, recent advances on the coupling of the biosensors to microfluidics are highlighted. Finally, we discuss the key challenges and potential solutions for transforming microfluidic biosensors into POC diagnostic applications.     

Plastic Microfluidic Systems for High-Throughput Genomic Analysis and Drug Screening

Genomic analysis and drug discovery depend increasingly on rapid, accurate analysis of large sets of sample and extensive compound collections at relatively low cost. By capitalizing on advances in microfabrication, genomics, combinatorial chemistry, and assay technologies, new analytical systems are expected to provide order-of-magnitude increases in analysis throughput along with comparable decreases in per-sample analysis costs. ACLARA's single-use, plastic LabCard™ systems, which transport fluids between reservoirs and through interconnected microchannels using electrokinetic mechanisms, are intended to address these analytical needs. These devices take advantage of recent developments in microfluidic and microfabrication technologies to permit their application to DNA sequencing; genotyping and DNA fragment analysis, as well as pharmaceutical candidate screening, and preparing biological samples for analysis. In a parallel effort, ACLARA has developed a new class of reporter molecules that are particularly well suited to capillary electrophoretic analysis. These electrophoretic mobility tags, called eTag™ reporters, can be used to uniquely label multiplexed sets of oligonucleotide recognition probes or proteins, thereby permitting traditionally homogeneous biochemical reporter assays to be multiplexed for CE analysis. Biochemical multiplexing is key to achieving new thresholds in analytical throughput while maintaining economically viable formats in many application areas. ACLARA's microfluidic, lab-on-a-chip concept promises to revolutionize chemical analysis, similar to the way miniaturization revolutionized computing, making tools continually smaller, more integrated, less expensive, and higher performing.     

DNA电化学生物传感器的原理与研究进展

DNA电化学生物传感器是近年迅速发展起来的一种全新的生物传感器.该类传感器具有电极制作简便、使用寿命长、重现性好、灵敏度高、成本低、易于实现微型化等诸多优点,在临床医学检验、遗传工程、药物作用机理、新药筛选、环境监测和食品工程等领域已得到广泛地研究与应用.该文简单介绍了DNA电化学生物传感器的基本原理,对其研究进展加以分类和简要评述,最后对其发展方向进行了展望.     

Prospects of low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) based microfluidic systems for point-of-care biosensing and environmental sensing

Low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) based microfluidic devices are being developed for point-of-care biomedical and environmental sensing to enable personalized health care. This article reviews the prospects of LTCC technology for microfluidic device development and its advantages and limitations in processing capabilities compared to silicon, glass and polymer processing. The current state of the art in LTCC-based processing techniques for fabrication of microfluidic components such as microchannels, chambers, microelectrodes and valves is presented. LTCC-based biosensing applications are discussed under the classification of (a) microreactors, (b) whole cell-based and (c) protein biosensors. Biocompatibility of LTCC pertaining to the development of biosensors and whole cell sensors is also discussed. Other significant applications of LTCC microfluidic systems for detection of environmental contaminants and toxins are also presented. Technological constraints and advantages of LTCC-based microfluidic system are elucidated in the conclusion. The LTCC-based microfluidic devices provide a viable platform for the development of point-of-care diagnostic systems for biosensing and environmental sensing applications.     

电容式生物传感器研究进展

电容式生物传感器（capacltlve biosensor,CBS）作为一种新型的、有发展前景的免疫类传感器,不仅具有免疫类传感器具有的高特异性、高选择性和响应快等特性,同时具有结构简单,易于集成等优点。特别是近年来随着电容测量技术和半导体技术的发展,CBS的研究取缛了长足的发展,并且部分已经在生物研究、病原体检测、法医鉴定等领域得到了广泛应用。本文主要介绍了基于电极的CBS和基于pH敏感的CBS,就其原理、构建方法和最新的研究进展进行了综合评述。     

Electroosmotic pumps and their applications in microfluidic systems

Electroosmotic pumping is receiving increasing attention in recent years owing to the rapid development in micro total analytical systems. Compared with other micropumps, electroosmotic pumps (EOPs) offer a number of advantages such as creation of constant pulse-free flows and elimination of moving parts. The flow rates and pumping pressures of EOPs matches well with micro analysis systems. The common materials and fabrication technologies make it readily integrateable with lab-on-a-chip devices. This paper reviews the recent progress on EOP fabrications and applications in order to promote the awareness of EOPs to researchers interested in using micro- and nano-fluidic devices. The pros and cons of EOPs are also discussed, which helps these researchers in designing and constructing their micro platforms.     

A comprehensive analytical performance model for disk devices underrandom workloads

Our goal is to contribute a common theoretical framework for studying the performance of disk-storage devices. Understanding the performance behavior of these devices will allow prediction of the I/O cost in modern applications. Current disk technologies differ in terms of the fundamental modeling characteristics, which include the magnetic/optical nature, angular and linear velocities, storage capacities, and transfer rates. Angular and linear velocities, storage capacities, and transfer rates are made constant or variable in different existing disk products. Related work in this area has studied Constant Angular Velocity (CAV) magnetic disks and Constant Linear Velocity (CLV) optical disks. We present a comprehensive analytical model, validated through simulations, for the random retrieval performance of disk devices which takes into account all the above-mentioned fundamental characteristics and includes, as special cases, all the known disk-storage devices. Such an analytical model can be used, for example, in the query optimizer of large traditional databases as well as in an admission controller of multimedia storage servers. Besides the known models for magnetic CAV and optical CLV disks, our unifying model is also reducible to a model for a more recent disk technology, called zoned disks, the retrieval performance of which has not been modeled in detail before. The model can also be used to study the performance retrieval of possible future technologies which combine a number of the above characteristics and in environments containing different types of disks (e.g., magnetic-disk-based secondary storage and optical-disk-based tertiary storage). Using our model, we contribute an analysis of the performance behavior of zoned disks and we compare it against that for the traditional CAV disks, as well as against that of some possible/future technologies. This allows us to gain insights into the fundamental performance trade-offs     

Urea biosensors

A biosensor is an analytical tool that comprises two essential components—an immobilized biocomponent, in intimate contact with a transducer that converts a biological signal into a measurable electrical signal. This review summarizes the studies carried on the development of biosensors for the analysis of urea in different fields of application, the various techniques of immobilization of urease enzyme, the stability and response time characteristics and the transducers used for biosensor development such as pH electrodes, ammonia gas sensing electrodes, ammonium ion-selective electrodes, optical, conductometric and amperometric transducers. Underlying the importance of this study is the fact that urea is toxic above certain concentrations and its continuous real time monitoring in clinical, environmental and food related environments is of utmost interest. The conventional analytical techniques used, although precise, are time consuming and mostly laboratory bound whereas biosensors have the advantages of ease of use, portability and the ability to furnish real time signals.     

Evaluation of multi-attribute decision making systems applied during the concept design of new microplasma devices

Various multi-attribute decision making (MADM) systems can be implemented to narrow a field of new concept designs down to those with high likelihoods of surpassing state-of-the-art technologies. This research investigated the conceptual design phase of new microplasma devices in order to create metrics that evaluate the efficiency, effectiveness, and overall utility of representative MADM systems studied in previous engineering design applications. Device attributes and concept alternatives for the microplasma devices were identified from open-ended expert surveys. Efficiency metrics were defined based on the number of manual user inputs. Published device literature and testing were used to gauge how closely device concepts satisfied multi-attribute criteria, forming the basis of an effectiveness metric. A weighted average of the efficiency and effectiveness defined a MADM system’s overall utility. Varying the effectiveness weight provided further insight into the conditions under which particular MADM approaches exhibited higher utility values. The MADM systems found to possess the highest overall quantified utilities were based on Pugh’s controlled convergence, Utility Based Axiomatic Framework, and Grey Relational Analysis. The MADM method with the lowest overall utility was the analytical hierarchy process. These findings indicate that consensus building and utility-based MADM systems are especially helpful to engineering design teams during the early design phases of novel technologies when resources are constrained or historical data is limited.     

Development of photonic crystal composites for display applications

Abstract— With an ever‐increasing demand for bigger, brighter, and more‐efficient displays, the research into new display technologies is consistently vibrant and groundbreaking. In this paper, a new type of display material based on the electrical actuation of photonic crystals is described. This material, called Photonic Ink, is capable of reflecting bright and narrow bands of color tunable throughout the entire visible spectrum as well as into the UV or NIR. P‐Ink devices are switched at low voltage and display electrical bistability, leading to very low power consumption. The characteristics of the P‐Ink material make it a viable option for color‐based reflective‐display devices.