低温燃烧合成Ce_(0.8)Nd_(0.2)O_(1.9)固溶体纳米粉末

采用低温燃烧合成工艺在甘氨酸-硝酸盐体系中制备出Ce0.8Nd0.2O1.9固溶体纳米粉末,重点考察了甘氨酸与硝酸盐的配比(G/N)以及焙烧温度对粉末特性的影响。通过热重-差示扫描量热分析(TG-DSC)得知,燃烧反应的点火温度为257℃。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、比表面积仪(BET)及傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)等手段对粉末的结构、形貌、成分、尺寸及比表面积进行了分析。结果表明:燃烧反应后直接得到萤石型结构的单相固溶体,晶粒尺寸为8nm~12nm之间,比表面积为38m2/g~47m2/g;晶粒尺寸随焙烧温度升高而增加,在800℃下焙烧1h后,可以去除反应残留物质,并使获得的晶形更加完整。     

SrAl2O4纳米粉末材料的制备

本论文研究了SrAl2O4纳米粉末材料的低温燃烧法合成方法。详细研究了低温燃烧合成过程中的硝酸盐摩尔配比、硼酸添加剂、焙烧处理、反应体积及反应炉温等对合成产物的影响。利用X射线衍射和扫描电镜等技术手段,对粉末的成分、形貌及尺寸等进行了分析。利用低温燃烧合成法通过金属硝酸盐和尿素的氧化还原反应制备SrAl2O4材料。通过XRD对产物进行分析表明,在Al/Sr摩尔比为2：1,加入适量的尿素且炉温为500℃的条件下低温燃烧合成的SrAl2O4材料相纯度较高,未经过焙烧处理的晶粒尺寸约为36．6nm,焙烧处理后的晶粒尺寸约为37．7nm。在700℃下焙烧1h后,可以除去反应残留物质,使晶形更加完整。反应体积的大小也对反应速度有一定的影响,可根据反应原料量的多少来选择合适大小的反应器皿。     

低温燃烧合成La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O2．85固体电解质粉末

低温燃烧合成工艺结合了溶液法和高温自蔓延合成超细粉末工艺的特点，可以在较低的温度下引发化学反应，并利用反应自身的放热效应维持反应的继续进行。在硝酸盐．柠檬酸体系中用该工艺直接合成了比表面积超过120m^2／g的La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.85固体电解质超细粉末。研究了硝酸盐溶液起始浓度和pH值对产物性能的影响。     

Ce1-xNdxO2-x/2(0≤x≤0.6)纳米粉体的低温燃烧合成

采用低温燃烧合成法,在柠檬酸-硝酸盐体系中合成了Ce1-xNdxO2-x／2（0≤x≤0.6）固溶体纳米粉体．X射线衍射（XRD）结果表明,Nd^3＋取代Ce^4＋形成具有单相立方萤石结构的固溶体,其晶格常数随Nd^3＋掺杂浓度的增大而线性增加,晶粒尺寸在15-24am之间．透射电镜（TEM）结果表明,粉体颗粒尺寸在2m-40am之间,分散性较好,具有较高的烧结活性．Raman光谱结果表明,F2g宽化峰的出现与掺杂后固溶体中产生的氧空位有关,并且随着掺杂浓度的增加,氧空位数量也随之增加．X射线荧光光谱（XRF）的分析表明,实际掺杂浓度非常接近原始化学计量比．     

介孔CeO2的化学沉淀法合成及表征

以硝酸铈(Ce(NO3)3.6H2O)、碳酸铵((NH4)2CO3.H2O)为原料,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂,采用化学沉淀法合成了一系列具有不同孔径的介孔CeO2粉末,使用X射线衍射(XRD)、差示/热重(DSC/TG)、BET孔性能测试、透射电镜(TEM)及红外光谱(IR)分析等手段对合成产物进行了分析和表征,探讨了CTAB与Ce的摩尔比、反应温度、焙烧温度和时间对孔径大小和比表面积的影响。在CTAB与Ce的摩尔比为1∶1、反应温度为80℃、焙烧温度为300℃、焙烧时间为1 h条件下,制得了比表面积为132 m2/g的介孔CeO2。     

基于机械合金化法制备（Ti，W）C—Ni金属陶瓷的组织与性能

以Ti、W、C的元素粉末为原料,通过机械合金化法制备了（Ti,W）C固溶体粉末,结果表明：目标成分为（Ti0.95,W0.05）C、（Ti0.9,W0.1）C和（Ti0.85,W0.15）C的混合粉末经高能球磨后有（Ti,W）C固溶体生成,目标成分为（Ti0.8,W0.2）C的混合粉末经球磨后没有反应发生,X射线衍射图仍然为各组分的单质峰。将经8h球磨得到的目标成分为（Ti0.95,W0.05）C和（Ti0.09,W0.1）C的固溶体粉末与20wt％的Ni粉进行混和,压制成型后在1450℃下烧结1h,得到的金属陶瓷的硬度和抗弯强度分别为88HRA,1636MPa和88．7HRA,1693MPa。两种成分的金属陶瓷的显微组织中均含有“白芯-灰环”结构、“黑芯-灰环”结构以及无芯-环结构的陶瓷晶粒。与钨含量较低的样品相比,钨含量较高的样品的晶粒尺寸以及“黑芯-灰环”结构中黑色芯相的尺寸较小,同时具有无芯结构和“白芯-灰环”结构的晶粒数目较多。     

沉淀前驱物制备AIN陶瓷粉末

以硝酸铝和碳黑为原料，利用化学沉淀法制备出混合均匀的Al2O3＋C前驱物，并以该前驱物为原料采用碳热还原法制备了AIN粉末。研究了氮化反应温度、pH值、表面活性剂、溶液浓度、氮气流量和碳铝比等工艺参数对氮化反应的影响，得出的最佳工艺参数分别为：以0．4mol／L的硝酸铝溶液和比表面积为156m^2／g的碳黑为原料，控制原料中碳铝比为3：1，添加适量的硬脂酸（SA）和聚乙二醇（PEG）作为表面活性剂，控制沉淀过程中pH=9，通过共沉淀工艺得到分散性好、团聚程度小的前驱物，并将此前驱物在常压和氮气流量为5L／min的条件下于1550℃煅烧4h，最后将反应产物在650℃的空气中除碳4h，制备出氮含量为33．20％，氧含量为0．98％，比表面积为4．26m^2／g的AIN粉末。     

低温燃烧合成SrAl2O4纳米粉末材料

本论文主要研究了SrAl2O4纳米粉末材料的低温燃烧法合成方法。详细研究了低温燃烧合成过程中的硝酸盐摩尔配比、硼酸添加剂、焙烧处理、反应体积及反应炉温等对合成产物的影响。利用X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）等技术手段,对粉末的成分、形貌及尺寸等进行了分析。     

MA法制备Fe83Nb7B9Cu1纳米晶粉末及其热稳定性

利用高能球磨法在Fe Nb B Cu体系中获得纳米晶粉末 ,研究了机械球磨过程中产物的组织结构、α Fe相平均晶粒尺寸及其热稳定性。结果表明 :采用Fe 2 0B中间合金粉末代替B粉并未明显影响机械合金化动力学过程 ;球磨至 5h时 ,即可获得平均晶粒尺寸约 18nm的α Fe单相过饱和固溶体 ,其后延长球磨时间 ,晶粒尺寸缓慢减小 ,至 45h后 ,平均晶粒尺寸减小到 9nm。退火处理后的XRD分析表明 ,α Fe过饱和固溶体从 10 0℃开始发生结构弛豫现象 ,738.8℃后则发生了相转变 :α Fe过饱和固溶体→α Fe固溶体 Fe3 B FeB ,在 5 5 0℃以内退火 ,纳米晶粒长大不明显 ,在 770～ 95 0℃范围内退火 ,晶粒开始明显长大 ,但晶粒尺寸仍处于纳米级范围。     

胶溶沉淀法制备活性氧化铝

以拟薄水铝石为原料,胶溶沉淀法制备出球形活性氧化铝前驱体,经过系列温度焙烧得到不同相态的活性氧化铝。采用XRD、SEM、比表面积分析仪、EDS能谱对前驱体及焙烧产物进行了表征。研究结果表明,700℃焙烧,得到粒度分布均一、稳定剂离子分布均匀、比表面积大、孔径适中的活性氧化铝;1100℃焙烧后仍能保持较大的比表面积,比表面积为70m2/g,孔容为0.44mL/g,没有高温α相的出现;可作为尾气净化、催化燃烧等多相催化剂的催化剂载体。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.