Removal of tritium from vacuum oil by isotopic exchange

Experimental data on the removal of tritium, by isotopic exchange, from VM-5 vacuum oil are presented. It is shown that the most efficient method of extracting tritium from oil is contact with concentrated sulfuric acid and oleum. At 80°C, 93% of the tritium is extracted over 5 h. Recommendations for recycling tritium are made.__________Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 98, No. 2, pp. 129–134, February, 2005.     

Prospects for using chemical isotopic exchange for separation of hydrogen isotopes

The status of the production of heavy water in the world and Russia is analyzed. It is shown by comparing the main methods of producing heavy water that the most promising method for reprocessing untreated heavy-water wastes, including the removal of tritium from them, is isotopic exchange between water and hydrogen. The basic parameters of a pilot commercial setup, which makes it possible to obtain heavy water with a deuterium atomic fraction of 99.8%, are presented. The problem of removal of tritium from heavy-water wastes using the water-hydrogen system at the starting stage and hydrogen-palladium hydride at the final stage, is examined. The combination of methods developed makes it possible to produce a universal module for removing protium and tritium from heavy-water wastes. 1 figure, 2 tables, 20 references. D. I. Mendeleev Russian Chemical Engineering University. Translated from Atomnaya énergiya, Vol. 86, No. 3, pp. 198–203, March, 1999.     

低氚压气-液交换法标记强效镇痛剂

本文报道使用氧化钯作催化剂、二氧六环作溶剂,在氚气压力为13.3kPa下,催化氚化强效镇痛剂,制得氚标记强效镇痛剂放射性比度为51.8—242.OGBq/mmol。该法与常用的高氚压气-液交换法相比,只有用氚量少、污染小、经济等优点。     

Spectroscopic quantitative analysis of the isotopic composition of gas mixtures containing hydrogen,deuterium, and tritium

A detailed experiment is carried through to construct a calibrating curve in the concentration interval from 0.7 to 97% H₂ in D₂. The results obtained are in good agreement with theory. It is shown that it is possible to perform an isotopic analysis of tritium in mixtures with hydrogen and deuterium. An investigation is performed of the relative intensity of the isotope lines as a function of the pressure in a discharge tube.     

Spectroscopic quantitative analysis of the isotopic composition of gas mixtures containing hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium

A detailed experiment is carried through to construct a calibrating curve in the concentration interval from 0.7 to 97% H₂ in D₂. The results obtained are in good agreement with theory. It is shown that it is possible to perform an isotopic analysis of tritium in mixtures with hydrogen and deuterium. An investigation is performed of the relative intensity of the isotope lines as a function of the pressure in a discharge tube.     

用热解吸法研究锂陶瓷中氚扩散行为

采用热解吸法研究了氚在锂陶瓷γ -LiAlO2 中的扩散行为。根据不同线性升温速率下的氚释放曲线 ,分别测出了以HTO形式释放的氚和以HT形式释放的氚的表观扩散活化能分别为(2 53± 50 )kJ·mol-1和 (12 7± 5)kJ·mol-1     

Measurement of tritium concentration in water by imaging plate

Concentration of tritium in water (4–400 kBq cm^?3) was measured by exposing an imaging plate without protection layer (Fujifilm, BAS-IP TR) to vapor for 2–48 h. It was found that tritium gradually penetrated into Eu-doped BaFBr phosphor and induced sufficiently intense photostimulated luminescence (PSL) even at the concentration of 4 kBq cm^?3. The intensity of PSL was proportional to tritium concentration in water. In addition, tritium absorbed in phosphor was reversibly released by keeping IP in air, and IP was able to be used repeatedly if total duration of exposure was ca. 24 h or less. The contamination of IP with tritium was not serious. It was concluded that IP technique has potential to measure tritium concentration in water without direct handling of tritiated water and with a minimum amount of radioactive waste.     

用飞行时间法测量氚的深度分布

氚在材料中的浓度、深度分布及其在材料中的扩散行为,是从事核聚变研究者最为关心的问题之一。氚(钛)靶是14MeV中子发生器的主要部件,精确地分析氚在靶中的行为,可以为合理地设计氚靶的厚度提供依据,并使靶的寿命和密封的中子发生器的寿命得以延长。因此,研究一些可行的方法来分析氚在基质材料中的行为有着应用的价值。用离子背散射     

Concentration of water samples for determining the tritium content

A method of concentrating the tritium in water samples by means of distillation under vacuum (~100 mm Hg) is suggested and experimentally verified. The degree of tritium enrichment is determined by the change in concentration of stable isotopes (oxygen or deuterium) on distillation of the sample. Two variations of the calculation are proposed: for the stationary state with the attainment of the maximtu~ possible degree of fractionation and cessation of enrichment at the nonstationary state.Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 367–372, April, 1965     

Effect of water adsorption on tritium release from Li4SiO4

As a ceramic material proposed for tritium breeding in a fusion reactor blanket, lithium orthosilicate (Li₄SiO₄) is being examined in view of the influence of water uptake on tritium release behavior. In this work, out-of-pile tritium release experiments were performed on Li₄SiO₄ samples that were transferred and stored under different moisture environments. The water content was measured on the samples that were treated in similar conditions. Effects of water adsorption on the chemical form and temperature of released tritium were investigated. It is found that with the water content increases, the gaseous tritium fraction decreases and the proportion of low-temperature desorption of HTO increases. The results of this study can be used later for engineering and design activities for fusion reactor blankets.     

相对效率法同位素丰度分析的研究

介绍了应用高纯锗探测器测量γ谱分析同位素丰度的一种方法。该方法采用了探测器和相对效率的概念,在不对探测器进行刻度的情况下,通过测量样品中某一个核素的多条γ射线,建立在这些γ射线的能量范围内探测器的相对效率曲线,分析样品中其他核素的相对活度。实验测量了钚的γ谱,利用^239Pu的多条γ射线计算相对效率并分析其他钚同位素的丰度和镅钚比。     

Problems with the mass spectrometric determination of tritium from cold fusion

Among the attempts to measure particles produced in the cold fusion of deuterium in palladium metal is the mass spectrometric observation of tritium. An experiment which has been reported in the popular press involves attaching a hollow Pd electrode to a vacuum chamber and measuring the tritium produced during electrolysis using a mass spectrometer. We present data demonstrating that mass 5 and 6, which could be mistaken for the ions DT⁺ and T₂ ⁺, can arise from ion-molecule reactions in the ionizer of the mass spectrometer giving the ions HD₂ ⁺ and D₃ ⁺. With H₂ and D₂ present in the vacuum chamber, there are at least eight reactions which lead to these triatomic species, and these may contribute to a complex time and pressure dependence of the signals.