甜菜在农作物中的比较优势分析

运用效率比较优势指数和规模比较优势指数测算了甜菜在黑龙江、新疆和内蒙古省区农作物中的比较优势。结果表明，与全国农作物平均水平相比，甜菜在3省区均具有生产效率优势、规模优势和综合比较优势。不同地区相比，甜菜的生产效率优势、规模优势和综合比较优势均是：新疆〉黑龙江〉内蒙古；在纯收益方面：新疆〉内蒙古〉黑龙江。同一地区不同农作物间比较，在新疆，甜菜在农作物中的生产效率优势、规模优势和综合比较优势最高；在黑龙江，甜菜只有较强的规模优势和综合比较优势，但其生产效率优势一般；在内蒙古，甜菜有一定的规模优势和综合比较优势，但较不具有生产效率优势。甜菜在3省区的纯收益都比当地几种作物低，与当地纯收益最高的作物相比，差异大小为：内蒙古〉新疆〉黑龙江。采用优势指数分析法评价作物的比较优势应结合纯收益，才较全面、客观。     

信息窗

农业部划定我国优势农产品区域据新华社报道 ,农业部发布了《优势农产品区域布局规划》 ,在全国范围内划定了 35个优势区域 ,重点发展专用小麦、专用玉米、高油大豆、棉花、“双低”油菜、“双高”甘蔗、柑橘、苹果、牛奶、牛羊肉和水产品 1 1种优势农产品。规划提出 ,要用 5年时间建立一批规模较大、市场相对稳定的优势农产品出口基地 ,培育一批在国内外公认的知名品牌 ,抵御进口农产品的冲击 ,扩大优势农产品的出口。农业部发展计划司有关负责人说 ,这 1 1类优势农产品是资源和生产条件较好、商品量大、市场前景广阔 ,在国内市场与国外产…     

湖南省烤烟生产比较优势的县域分布研究

利用2000～2006年的湖南省县域的农业生产统计资料,以规模比较优势指数、效率比较优势指数、综合比较优势指数分析了湖南省各县烤烟生产比较优势状况,并通过G1S软件在地图上进行,空间表达.分析结果表明:湖南省烤烟生产存在显著的区域差异,在全省115个县中烤烟生产具有规模、效率、综合比较优势的县分别有34个、64个、40个;具有烤烟生产优势的县主要分布在湖南的西北部和南部地区.湖南省应当按照比较优势原理,调整各县的烤烟种植规模,实现烤烟生产的合理布局和专业化生产,以充分发挥烤烟生产的比较优势.     

中国甜菜糖业发展的策略

介绍了中国甜菜生产和甜菜制糖概况,分析了甜菜糖业生产下滑的原因,提出"十一五"期间甜菜糖业发展的设想及实现其任务的措施:①调整甜菜生产布局,向自然经济优势区域转移;②加速制糖业技术改造进程,降低制糖成本,提高企业综合效益;③组建甜菜糖业集团,增强竞争优势,开辟国际市场,扩大食糖销路;④建设甜菜生产产业化基地,实现工农双赢;⑤普及推广甜菜"三高"技术,提高糖、粮比较效益,增加收入.     

新疆旅游经济与生态环境耦合协调评价及影响因素研究

构建旅游经济与生态环境评价指标体系,通过耦合协调度模型与障碍度模型分析新疆14个地州市2010—2020年协调发展趋势及影响因素。研究发现：各地州市耦合协调水平总体呈上升趋势,空间分布特征为东西方向呈倒“U”型,南北方向呈“北高南低”,大部分地区旅游经济系统发展较为滞后;旅游经济系统对协调发展水平制约作用较大;扩大旅游规模提高经济效益是发展重点,改善生态环境关键在于加强水资源保护和扩大植树造林面积。     

我国31省市纺织产业经济运行质量评价分析——基于2014中国纺织工业发展报告面板数据

基于中国纺织工业发展报告(2014)中的面板数据,本文以从产业规模效益、产业营运效率、产业盈利能力、产业资本质量维度设计了我国纺织产业经济运行质量评价指标体系,利用因子分析法对我国31个省市的2013年纺织产业经济运行情况予以统计排序,并进行了区域之间的比较分析。分析结果显示,我国各省区纺织产业发展存在不协调性,综合经济运行质量指数显示沿海到内陆呈现东强西弱的总体特征,产业规模效益、营运效率、盈利能力、资本质量因受各省市产业基础、区位交通、国际市场、资源供应、技术水平、产业链配套等因素影响而出现各有优势的产业经济运行质量特征。     

新疆农畜产品比较优势分析

从产业发展的角度出发,应用综合比较优势指数法对新疆农畜产品进行比较优势分析。通过计算规模优势指数、效率优势指数、综合优势指数对新疆地区的粮食作物、经济作物、畜产品、特色林果业进行分析,并与全国水平进行对比,得出2008—2012年新疆农畜产品和全国相比,小麦具有规模比较优势,但不具备效率比较优势,综合比较优势呈波动状,2008年处于劣势,2009—2012具有优势,但优势不明显;棉花规模比较优势显著,效率比较优势出现波动,优势劣势交替出现,综合比较有优势明显;在猪、牛、羊三种畜产品中,只有羊具有规模比较优势,牛、羊具有效率比较优势,优势明显,羊具有综合比较优势,优势明显;水果具有规模比较优势,优势明显,但效率比较优势处于劣势,除了2011年外均具备综合比较优势,优势不明显。     

我国花生生产区域比较优势分析

根据2007—2011年的数据,运用综合比较优势指数法分析了我国18个花生产区的比较优势。研究表明:山东、河南、河北、广东、辽宁具有较强的综合优势;福建、湖北、安徽、江西、广西、四川、吉林、江苏属于潜在优势产区;湖南、贵州、陕西、山西、新疆不具有综合优势。为促进我国花生生产的整体发展,既要继续保持和巩固优势产区在规模和生产效率方面的优势,又要重视并挖掘具有潜在优势产区的生产潜力。     

我国脱水蔬菜行业的现状、问题及对策

我国蔬菜资源丰富，品种繁多，给脱水蔬菜的生产提供了充分的资源。同时，脱水蔬菜生产属于劳动密集型产业，增加了市场的竞争优势。我国脱水蔬菜工厂化生产的历史虽然不长，但总体规模逐步扩大，产量迅速增加，我国脱水蔬菜的出口得到了飞速发展。     

蚕茧生产省域优势比较分析

利用蚕茧各主产省最近10年的蚕茧生产统计数据,以生产效率优势系数(EAC)、规模优势系数(SAC)、效益优势系数(BAC)、综合优势系数(AAC)来测算各主产省的比较优势,综合反映目前蚕茧主产省的生产比较优势.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the