Hydrofining of heavy vacuum gas oil on modified alumina-nickel-molybdenum catalysts

Modified industrial alumina-nickel-molybdenum catalysts manufactured by OOO NZK have been tested in the mode of hydrotreating of heavy vacuum gas oil on a pilot plant of OAO Middle Volga Research Institute of Oil Refining (OAO SvNIINP). A change in hydrocarbon-type and structural-group composition of gas oils during the hydrogen treatment process has been considered. It has been found that hydrotreating on the GR-24M, NKYu-300, and NKYu-330 catalysts under the examined conditions (340?C400°C, 4.0 MPa, 0.5?C1 h^?1, hydrogen: feedstock ratio of 500?C800: 1 Nm³/m³) leads to a reduction in sulfur, nitrogen, and metal contents of the gas oil and to saturation of polyaromatic compounds with hydrogen, thereby facilitating the further destruction of the feedstock in a catalytic cracker.     

加氢裂化尾油裂解工艺及结构导向集总模型

以上海高桥石化加氢裂化尾油为原料,在蒸汽裂解制乙烯实验装置上考察了裂解温度、停留时间和水/原料油(简称水油比,质量比,下同)对裂解产物收率的影响;同时,采用结构导向集总方法建立了加氢裂化尾油蒸汽裂解制乙烯的反应动力学模型。结果表明,优化的蒸汽裂解制乙烯操作条件为:裂解温度800℃,停留时间0.53 s,水油比0.75。在此条件下,裂解气收率为84.47%,乙烯、丙烯和丁二烯的收率依次为31.35%,19.93%,4.07%。模型计算值与实测值具有较好的一致性。     

酸性助剂对含吡啶直馏蜡油催化裂化反应性能的影响

在固定床微型反应装置上考察了甲醇、乙酸、溴代正丁烷、M等酸性助剂对含吡啶直馏蜡油催化裂化反应性能的影响,并在不同活性催化剂条件下考察了添加小分子醇类对反应的影响。结果表明,在反应温度为480℃,剂油质量比为3．3,原料油质量空速为8h“的条件下,酸性助剂能够缓解高含氮蜡油对催化剂的毒化作用,提高转化率和目的产物的选择性;甲醇可提高转化率和反应指数（RCT）,小分子醇均具有类似的性能,其中甲醇的抗氮能力最明显;中等活性的催化剂与酸性助剂复配更有利于提高反应的选择性。     

Hydrofining of cycle oil using modified nickel-tungsten sulfide catalysts

The effect of palladium and ruthenium admixtures on the activity of an industrial NiW sulfide catalyst has been studied. It has been shown that Pd and Ru can increase the activity of the industrial catalyst in the hydrodesulfurization reaction of cycle oil by 8.0 and 2.8%, respectively. Under the experimental conditions, the hydrodearomatization of hydrocarbons composed of two or more rings results in the formation of monoaromatic hydrocarbons. The conversion of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the temperature range of 260–300°C is 100%.     

天然气储层中硫化氢分布规律、成因及对生产的影响

天然气中硫化氢含量的高低受储层岩性的控制，碎屑岩储集层天然气不舍或贫舍硫化氢，其含量最高不超过1％；碳酸盐岩储集层天然气中则较普遍含有硫化氢，有的含量非常高。碳酸盐岩一蒸发岩中的石膏是形成天然气储层中硫化氨的基础。本文概述了天然气储层中硫化氢形成的地质条件、分布规律和成因机制，并讨论了由于天然气储层中存在硫化氢气体，储层改造所面临的技术问题，以厦由于硫沉积所带来的腐蚀问题对生产的影响。     

硫化氢治理技术研究与试验

主要阐述了温度、压力对H2S在原油中溶解度的影响;H2S高效吸收剂(可回收利用)的评价;原油中H2S含量测定方法;液体停留时间与H2S脱离效果的关系;硫化氢吸收剂浓度简易测定方法;高效吸收剂回收装置(小型化)。     

HY zeolite catalysts on Al-pillared Na-montmorillonite with variable aluminum content in the cracking of heavy vacuum gas oil

HY zeolite catalysts on montmorillonite, pillared with aluminum hydroxo complexes in different concentrations, have been tested in the cracking of heavy vacuum gas oil (VGO) from the Shymkent refinery (Kazakhstan). It has been shown that the VGO cracking activity of the catalysts is directly related to the textural and acid properties of the samples. The hydrocarbon group and fractional compositions of cracked gas-oline have been determined.     

Reasons for low heavy vacuum gas oil yield in vacuum distillation of residual fuel oil

Calculations are made of the heat balance of the vacuum column K-101 of the VDM-2 plant of LUKOIL Neftokhim Burgas AD, which made it possible to disclose the reasons for decline in heavy vacuum gas oil yield with increase in plant load and to discard the hypothesis that the reason for this is perforating of the plate from which the gas oil is withdrawn. It is shown that the reflux yield cannot be increased and the heat required for condensation of the heavy vacuum gas oil contained in the residual fuel oil cannot be removed if there is hydraulic resistance in the lower circulating reflux line. Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No.3, pp. 19 – 22, May – June, 2009.     

加拿大合成原油减压馏分油催化裂化反应性能的研究

以大港石化公司提供的工业平衡催化剂LBO-16为催化剂,在小型固定流化床实验装置上考察了反应温度、剂油比和重时空速对加拿大合成原油（SCO）减压馏分油（VGO）、混合原油（SCO：大港原油为3：7）减压馏分油及大港原油减压瓦斯油的催化裂化产物产率和分布的影响。研究结果表明,反应条件对三种减压馏分油的催化裂化产物变化规律的影响是一致的,反应条件对大港减压馏分油的影响较大。在最优的反应条件下,加拿大合成原油减压馏分油的轻质油收率为64．5％,混合减压馏分油的轻质油收率为66％左右,加拿大合成原油减压馏分油和大港减压瓦斯油相比,有较低的焦炭和液化石油气产率以及较高的柴油产率。     

环烷基减压蜡油生产环保橡胶油的加氢工艺研究

在加氢中试试验装置上,以环烷基减压蜡油为原料,考察了反应温度、氢分压等工艺条件对环保橡胶油C_A值、8种多环芳烃(PAHs)等性能的影响。结果表明,在氢分压为10~15MPa,体积空速为基准~基准+0.5h~(-1),反应温度为t~t+60℃时,加氢工艺适宜生产C_A值12%、苯并(a)芘等8种PAHs质量浓度满足欧盟环保要求的橡胶油。氢分压越高,体积空速越小,加氢工艺生产环保橡胶油的操作空间(反应温度区间)越宽,且偏向低温区间,环保橡胶油的收率越大。     

Stabilization of crude oil in hydrocyclones with treatment of casing-head gas to remove hydrogen sulfide

A method is proposed for stabilization of crude oil and condensate in hydrocyclones to create closed systems for exhaustive preparation of feedstock. Hydrocyclones are small, simple in layout, and highly efficient units that allow enhancing operation of the primary crude oil preparation system and equipping units in block-aggregate layout. Pilot-industrial tests of crude stabilization processes using centrifugal forces and preparation of gas to remove hydrogen sulfide demonstrate the possibility of industrial introduction of the new technology.Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 12 – 15, January – February, 2005.     

注气压力和注入气体对驱油效率影响的实验研究

在石油的开采中,CO2混相驱是提高采收率的一种行之有效的方法,尤其在气驱的过程中达到混相.针对吉林油田黑59区块低孔低渗油藏,开展了注气驱油效率细管实验.通过多组细管实验,研究了吉林油田油藏在不同注入压力和气体组成下注入气的驱油效率,分析了注入压力和注入气组成对驱油效率的影响.实验结果证实,注入压力对驱油效率影响明显,...     

低硫原料对加氢裂化装置运行的影响及对策

介绍了中国石油长庆石化公司120万t／a加氢裂化装置加工自产减压蜡油（长庆VGO,含硫质量分数小于0．1％）的实际运行状况,分析了低硫原料对加氢裂化反应所产生的影响,并与注硫后的运行情况进行了对比,提出加工低硫原料的应对措施。结果表明,长庆VGO硫含量低,导致循环氢中的H：S含量亦较低,进而使催化剂硫化度降低,活性下降;通过注入预硫化剂,可使循环氢中H2S含量增大,NH3含量降低,反应温升提高,催化活性增大;加工低硫原油时,可降低反应出口注水量以提高循环氢中的H2s含量,并采取适宜的补硫措施,如注入预硫化剂、掺炼高硫原料、回收富氢气体中的H2S等。     

Investigation of the fluid catalytic cracking of different H-Oil vacuum gas oils and their blends with hydrotreated vacuum gas oil

H-Oil vacuum gas oils obtained during hydrocracking of vacuum residual oils originated from the crudes Russian Export Blend, Basrah light, and Heavy Kazakh were cracked in a mixture with a hydrotreated vacuum gas oil in the LUKOIL Neftohim Burgas commercial fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit. Some of the H-Oil vacuum gas oils were also cracked in a laboratory FCC (ACE) unit. The results from the commercial and the laboratory tests showed that the laboratory FCC experiments in an ACE unit can be used to evaluate the effect of feed quality on the commercial FCC unit performance. The assumption that the conversion of a vacuum gas oil (VGO) blend in the fluid catalytic cracking could be considered as a linear combination of the conversion of the individual components made by other researchers was also confirmed in this study. The higher the hydrogen content in the vacuum residual oil of a crude is the higher the FCC conversion of the H-Oil VGO, obtained during hydrocracking of that high saturate vacuum residual oil, will be expected.     

油气田硫化氢气体浓度光纤消逝场传感检测技术

针对光纤消逝场硫化氢(H₂S)气体浓度传感器存在的光源波动噪声、灵敏度低等问题,设计了双光路光谱吸收式检测系统,分析了消逝场光功率与气体浓度、检测灵敏度之间的关系,研究了光纤腐蚀过程中消逝场功率与光纤剩余直径之间的关系;研制消逝场功率比不同的传感光纤进行H₂S气体浓度检测实验,探讨了小范围温度变化对气体浓度检测的影响。实验结果表明:当传感光纤消逝场功率比为10%时,灵敏度高达4.4W·L/mol,最低检测H₂S气体浓度可达5.1×10^-6,且温度在273~333 K范围内变化时对H₂S气体浓度检测的影响很小。光纤消逝场传感器制作成本低、灵敏度高、精度高,可用于油气勘探开发过程中H₂S气体的检测。