Mono- and Bimetallic Mo(W)S<Subscript>2</Subscript>/Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> and Mo(W)S<Subscript>2</Subscript>/SBA-15 Hydrotreating Catalysts Based on SiMo<Subscript>12</Subscript> and SiW<Subscript>12</Subscript> Heteropoly Acids

Mono- and bimetallic Mo(W)S₂ catalysts supported on γ-Al₂O₃ and SBA-15 have been prepared using the Keggin heteropoly acids (HPAs) H₄SiMo₁₂O₄₀ and H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀. The catalyst samples have been analyzed by temperature-programmed reduction with hydrogen, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Catalytic properties have been examined in the joint hydrotreating of dibenzothiophene and naphthalene on a flow-through unit. It has been shown that the use of mesoporous silica SBA-15 as a support can reduce the average length of Mo(W)S₂ particles from 4.9 to 3.7 nm and increase the average number of layers and the particle size of the active phase, changes that lead to an increase in catalytic activity by a factor of ~3 relative to the alumina-supported counterparts. The use of a mixture of SiMo₁₂HPA and SiW₁₂HPA for preparing MoW catalysts leads to a significant enhancement of catalytic activity, which is apparently due to the formation of mixed active sites.     

Hydrotreating of vacuum gas oil on modified Ni–Mo/Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> catalysts

The effect of the introduction of P₂O₅ into Ni–Mo/Al₂O₃ catalysts on their activity in the hydrotreating of vacuum gas oil has been studied. As the support, γ-Al₂O₃ prepared from aluminum hydroxide AlOOH powder of the TH-100 brand (Sasol) has been used. The catalytic properties of the catalysts obtained have been examined in the hydrotreating of vacuum gas oil in a continuous-flow unit under hydrogen pressure. The amounts of sulfur and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the hydrocarbon group composition, and the carbon residue of the feedstock and the hydrotreating product have been determined. The catalysts after testing have been studied using differential thermal analysis in combination with thermogravimetry (DTA–TGA); the influence of the amount of the modifier on the catalytic activity and coking of the catalysts has been shown.     

Foil-supported Rh/γ-Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> and Pt/γ-Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> catalysts for carbon dioxide methane reforming

Rh/γ-Al₂O₃ and Pt/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts supported on a metal foil surface have been studied in the carbon dioxide reforming of methane. The stability and activity of platinum and rhodium catalysts with different compositions have been determined. The kinetic function parameters have been found by solving the inverse problem. It has been shown that the 0.06% rhodium catalyst is the most active; its activity is more than two orders of magnitude higher than that of the nickel-chromium catalyst studied earlier.     

Evidence for Autocatalysis and Its Implications for the Kinetics of Hydroprocessing of Petroleum Residues

During hydroprocessing of residual feeds the rate of some reactions tends to increase temporarily despite the continuous deposition of coke and metals on catalyst surface. This rate increase has been attributed to catalytic effect of the contaminant metals such as vanadium and nickel in residual feeds after their deposition on catalyst surface. The portion of metals that deposited on the bare γ-Al₂O₃ surface of the Mo/Al₂O₃ and NiMo/Al₂O₃ catalysts transfers the originally inactive surface to catalytically active. The increase in the rate of HDS, HDAs, and some HDM reactions could only be reconciled assuming the involvement of autocatalysis by the deposited metals.     

芘在不同加氢催化剂上反应性能的比较

 制备了CoMo/γ-Al₂O₃、NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃和NiW/γ-Al₂O₃ 3种不同金属配伍的加氢催化剂,在连续流动固定床微反装置上对其芘的加氢活性以及产物分布选择性进行评价,并考察在原料芘中添加吡啶对催化剂芘加氢性能的影响。结果表明,在相同反应条件下,NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂对芘的加氢活性较高,NiW/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂上的芘加氢转化率受吡啶的影响最小;相同芘转化率下,CoMo/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂上的芘中间环加氢产物选择性较高。     

Effect of phosphorus-oxygen compounds on structural,acidic, and catalytic properties of γ-alumina in the acetic acid ammonolysis reaction

The effect of a promoter on the acidic and catalytic properties of aluminum oxide in the reaction of acetic acid ammonolysis has been studied. It has been shown that the promotion of γ-Al₂O₃ with phosphorus-oxygen compounds results in a change in the porous structure, an increase in the concentration of acid sites, and site strength redistribution, thereby enhancing the activity and selectivity of the catalyst. The change in the acid properties of γ-Al₂O₃ surface has a significant effect on the second stage of the process, the dehydration of acetamide.     

Acid Properties of the Surface of Zn–B–P/γ-Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>/Al Catalysts and Their Activity in Microwave-Stimulated Reaction of Diethylamine Acylation with <Emphasis Type="Italic">m</Emphasis>-Toluic Acid

The acid–base properties of Zn–B–P/γ-Al₂O₃/Al catalysts for the direct acylation of diethylamine with m-toluic acid have been studied using ammonia temperature-programmed desorption, probe adsorption, and IR spectroscopy techniques, the catalysts having been synthesized and tested under conditions of microwave-assisted thermal treatment. A correlation between the activity of the microwave-absorbing catalysts in the target N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide formation reaction and the concentration of acid sites of medium strength on the surface of the samples has been revealed. It has been shown that the main reason behind the higher activity of Zn–B–P/γ-Al₂O₃/Al catalysts prepared under conditions of the thermal action of microwave field is the formation of a more developed active surface characterized by a prevalence of medium acid sites.     

The Catalytic Dehydration of Bio-ethanol to Ethylene on SAPO-34 Catalysts

SAPO-34 catalysts were synthesized by hydrothermal method, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), NH₃ temperature-programmed desorption (NH₃-TPD) and thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA). The synthesized catalysts were tested for dehydration of bio-ethanol to ethylene in comparison with commercial ZSM-5 and γ-Al₂O₃. The home-made SAPO-34 catalysts exhibited similar bio-ethanol conversion and ethylene selectivity at 60°C and 110°C lower compared to commercial ZSM-5 and γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts, respectively, indicating higher low-temperature activity. It was found that the crystallinity and surface acidity of synthesized SAPO-34 decreased after 4 h on stream, which is attributed to the carbonaceous deposits on catalyst confirmed by TG-DTA.     

预处理方法对Mo-Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂加氢脱氧性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了Mo-Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂,利用BET、XRD、NH3-TPD等方法对还原态和硫化态Mo-Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂进行了表征,并以模型化合物乙酸和F-T合成轻质油为原料,研究了还原态和硫化态催化剂的加氢脱氧(HDO)性能。结果表明,还原态催化剂具有较大的比表面积和孔体积,活性组分分散度较高;硫化态催化剂的酸性大于还原态催化剂。还原态催化剂具有比硫化态催化剂更好的HDO催化活性,不论是对模型化合物乙酸还是F-T合成轻质油都能获得更高的转化率;但用模型化合物乙酸的研究结果表明,硫化态催化剂不利于C—C键的断裂。     

水蒸气对Pt-Sn-Ce催化剂的丙烷脱氢性能的影响

 摘要：以γ-Al2O3为载体, 采用连续等体积浸渍法制备了0.3%Pt/γ-Al2O3、0.3%Pt-0.9%Sn/γ-Al2O3和0.3%Pt-0.9%Sn/2.2%Ce-γ-Al2O3 3种Pt金属催化剂。考察了在C3H8催化脱氢制C3H6的体系中, 引入不同量的水蒸气对3种催化剂的催化脱氢性能的影响。结果表明,水蒸气的存在加速了0.3%Pt/γ-Al2O3和0.3%Pt-0.9%Sn/γ-Al2O3催化剂的失活, 同时降低了C3H6的选择性, 但对0.3%Pt-0.9%Sn/2.2%Ce-γ-Al2O3催化剂的稳定性影响较小。在0.3%Pt-0.9%Sn/2.2%Ce-γ-Al2O3体系中,水蒸气可以明显地提高C3H8的脱氢反应转化率和降低催化剂上的积炭量。对水蒸气处理后的Pt催化剂进行H2-化学吸附量测定的结果表明, Ce可以通过与活性中心Pt的强相互作用, 提高Pt粒子在水蒸气气氛下的抗烧结能力。C3H8脱氢转化率的提高是由于CeO中的活泼O与活泼H反应产生OH基团,OH基团参与了C3H8的β-H的消除反应, 提高了C3H8的脱氢速率。以γ-Al₂O₃为载体, 采用连续等体积浸渍法制备了0.3%Pt/γ-Al₂O₃、 0.3%Pt-0.9%Sn/γ-Al₂O₃和0.3%Pt-0.9%Sn/2.2%Ce-γ-Al₂O₃3种Pt 金属催化剂。考察了在丙烷（C₃H₈）催化脱氢制丙烯（C₃H₆）的体系中,引入不同量的水蒸气对3种催化剂的催化脱氢性能的影响。结果表明,水蒸气的存在加速了0.3%Pt/γ-Al₂O₃和0.3%Pt-0.9%Sn/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的失活,同时降低了C₃H₆的选择性,但对0.3%Pt-0.9%Sn/2.2%Ce-γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的稳定性影响较小。在0.3%Pt-0.9%Sn/2.2%Ce-γ-Al₂O₃体系中,水蒸气可以明显地提高 C₃H₈的脱氢反应转化率和降低催化剂上的积炭量。对水蒸气处理后的 Pt 催化剂进行 H₂-化学吸附量测定的结果表明,Ce 可以通过与活性中心 Pt 的强相互作用,提高 Pt 粒子在水蒸气气氛下的抗烧结能力。C₃H₈脱氢转化率的提高是由于CeO 中的活泼O 与活泼H 反应产生OH 基团,OH 基团参与了 C₃H₈的 β-H 的消除反应, 提高了C₃H₈的脱氢速率。     

Selective nano alumina supported vanadium oxide catalysts for oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene using CO2 as soft oxidant

Nano alumina-supported V₂O₅ catalysts with different loadings have been tested for the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene with CO₂ as an oxidant. High surface area nano-alumina was prepared and used as support for V₂O₅ as the catalyst. The catalysts were synthesized by impregnation techniques followed by calcinations and microwave treatment, denoted as V₂O₅/γ-Al₂O₃-C and V₂O₅/γ-Al₂O₃-MW, respectively. The V₂O₅ loading was varied on nano-alumina from 5 to 30 wt%. The support and catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Barett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) pore-size distribution, N₂-adsorption isotherms, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and temperature programed desorption (TPD-NH₃). The characterization results indicated that V₂O₅ is highly dispersed on alumina up to 30%-V₂O₅/γ-Al₂O₃-MW prepared by MW method. The TPD studies indicated that there are significant differences in acid amount and strength for V₂O₅/γ-Al₂O₃-C and V₂O₅/γ-Al₂O₃-MW-catalysts. The catalytic activity of the prepared catalysts was evaluated in the temperature range 450–600 °C in relation to the physicochemical properties and surface acidity. The results revealed that optimum catalytic activity and selectivity (～100%) toward styrene production were obtained using 10% V₂O₅/γ-Al₂O₃-MW catalyst treated with microwave.     

FCC汽油选择性加氢硫转移催化剂的研究

 制备了以γ-Al₂O₃为载体的Ni基选择性加氢硫转移催化剂Mo-Ni/γ-Al₂O₃,并用于催化裂化汽油的加氢硫转移反应。对比了预硫化型和氧化型Mo-Ni/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的活性和选择性,并考察了无氧焙烧温度、活性组分负载量对预硫化型Mo-Ni/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂加氢硫转移催化性能的影响。采用模型化合物研究了硫醇在Mo-Ni/γ-Al₂O₃催化下的反应,考察了烯烃和硫醇对硫转移反应的影响。结果表明,无氧焙烧温度400℃下制备得到的w(NiO)=8.2%、w(MoS₂)=5.6%的预硫化型Mo-Ni/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂具有相对较高的加氢硫转移反应催化活性和选择性;硫醇与烯烃的反应在催化剂表面的加氢活性位上进行,硫醇先加氢脱硫,生成吸附态H₂S,吸附态H₂S再与吸附的烯烃反应生成大分子硫醇或硫醚,达到硫转移的目的。     

Can Mesoporous TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>-Supported NiMoS OR CoMoS Effectively Perform in Ultra-Deep Desulfurization of Gas Oil?

Waste aluminum foil was used for preparation of mesoporous TiO₂-Al₂O₃ using starch as a textural modifier. The catalytic species, Mo and Ni or Co were loaded onto the mesoporous support, following incipient wetness sequential impregnation. To gain an insight into the pore dimensions effect, Ni and Mo species with the same mass ratio were loaded onto the TiO₂-Al₂O₃, prepared from analytical grade chemicals without templating. TPR spectra, TEM images and BET analysis showed how the promoter (Ni or Co), TiO₂ and the template (starch) affect the ease of reduction of Mo species, the morphology of the active MoS₂ phase and the pore dimensions of the catalysts. The catalysts were employed in hydro-desulfurization process of gas oil using a fixed bed down flow microreactor at varying operating conditions, viz., temperature (320–400°C), Liquid hourly space velocity (0.5–4 h^–1), H₂/oil ratio of 450 v/v, and 6 MPa operating pressure. The results showed that the promotion effect prevails over the textural effect, where Ni promoted catalyst (with lower surface parameters) exhibits higher activity than Co promoted one. The dual layer catalytic bed system achieved the sulfur level less than 10 ppm.     

Co负载量对Co/γ-Al2O3催化剂F-T合成催化性能的影响

 制备了不同Co负载量的系列Co/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,采用XRD、H₂-TPR和H₂-TPD等方法对其进行表征,并考察Co负载量对Co/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂催化F-T合成反应性能的影响。结果表明,随Co负载量的增加,Co/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的催化活性先增加后降低,在Co负载量25％附近达到最大。Co/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂上Co₃O₄晶粒尺寸随Co负载量增加而逐渐增大,而催化剂的还原温度变化不大,催化剂的还原度和氢吸附量则随Co负载量增加先增大后降低。Co/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的催化活性与其氢吸附量呈线性关系。     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Evaluation of Mesoporous MCM-41-supported Molybdenum Hydrotreating Catalysts

Abstract

Mesoporous MCM-41 material with high surface area and narrow pore size distribution was synthesized and used as a support for Mo, CoMo, and NiMo catalysts. The molybdenum loading was varied from 2–14 wt% on MCM-41. On 10 wt% Mo/MCM-41, the promoter Co or Ni concentration was varied from 1–5 wt%. All the catalyst samples were characterized by surface area, low temperature oxygen chemisorption, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and temperature programmed reduction methods. Characterization results show that Mo is well dispersed on MCM-41 up to 10 wt%. The catalytic activities were evaluated for thiophene hydrodesulphurization (HDS), cyclohexene hydrogenation (HYD), and furan hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). All three catalytic functionalities vary in a similar manner to that of oxygen chemisorption as a function of Mo loading, indicating that there is a correlation between oxygen uptake and catalytic sites. The activities of these catalysts were compared with γ-Al₂O₃- and amorphous SiO₂-supported catalysts. It was found that MCM-41-supported Mo catalysts displayed superior activities.     

CA和EDTA对Co-Mo-P/TiO2-γ-Al2O3选择性加氢脱硫催化剂性能的影响

 制备了添加螯合剂柠檬酸(CA)和乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)的Co-Mo-P/TiO₂-γ-Al₂O₃加氢脱硫催化剂,并对其进行了BET、SEM和H₂-TPR表征。以FCC汽油重馏分为原料,考察了螯合剂对Co-Mo-P/TiO₂-γ-Al₂O₃催化剂选择性加氢脱硫性能的影响。结果表明,添加CA或EDTA均可不同程度地提高Co-Mo-P/TiO₂-γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的比表面积;适量的加入CA或EDTA可有效改善活性组分在载体上的分散状态,减弱活性组分与载体间的相互作用;加入CA可明显改进催化剂的选择性加氢脱硫性能;而加入EDTA同时提高了催化剂的脱硫活性和加氢活性,没能改善催化剂的选择性加氢脱硫性能。     

HY zeolite catalysts on Al-pillared Na-montmorillonite with variable aluminum content in the cracking of heavy vacuum gas oil

HY zeolite catalysts on montmorillonite, pillared with aluminum hydroxo complexes in different concentrations, have been tested in the cracking of heavy vacuum gas oil (VGO) from the Shymkent refinery (Kazakhstan). It has been shown that the VGO cracking activity of the catalysts is directly related to the textural and acid properties of the samples. The hydrocarbon group and fractional compositions of cracked gas-oline have been determined.     

焙烧温度对分步浸渍的Co-Mo-Ni-W/γ-Al2O3加氢精制催化剂性质影响

采用分步共浸渍法制备Co-Mo-Ni-W/γ-Al2O3柴油加氢精制催化剂,利用BET、XRD、TEM等手段对所制备的半成品和成品催化剂进行分析表征,考察了焙烧温度对催化剂微晶结构和物理性质的影响。以直馏柴油作为原料,对不同焙烧温度下制备的催化剂进行加氢精制活性评价。结果表明,随着一次焙烧温度的升高,半成品催化剂的侧压强度、孔容、比表面积、平均孔径略有增加;硫化态半成品催化剂中的MoS2(WS2)微晶平均堆垛层数先增加后减少,晶粒平均长度先减小后增加,400℃焙烧的样品中3～5层微晶结构数量达到最大值,占72.5%,晶粒平均长度达到最低值,1.7nm。随着二次焙烧温度的升高,成品催化剂的侧压强度、比表面积、平均孔径略有增加,孔容基本不变;二次焙烧温度为480℃硫化态成品催化剂中3～5层MoS2(WS2)微晶数量最多。经400℃一次焙烧和480℃二次焙烧制备的Co-Mo-Ni-W/γ-Al2O3催化剂的孔径分布最为集中,其孔径在2.5～8nm范围内的孔体积占了总孔体积的78.2%,其HDS和HDN活性最高。     

Ti-Mg-Al复合氧化物催化材料的制备及其加氢脱硫性能

中国石油西南油气田公司天然气研究院(以下简称天研院)申请的"一种天然气井返排压裂液回收再利用系统"实用新型专利获得国家知识产权局授权,专利号为ZL201220050049.4。该实用新型专利是一种应用于气井低分子压裂返排液的回收再利用系统,包括返排液的回收与再利用工艺等方面。气井压裂施工后,大量含有各种     

Partial Catalytic Oxidation of C<Subscript>3</Subscript>–C<Subscript>4</Subscript> Hydrocarbons on Pilot Scale

The process of partial catalytic oxidation of a propane–butane mixture with atmospheric oxygen in a pilot unit has been accomplished. Comparative tests with α-Al₂O₃-supported nickel catalysts and a pressed metal wire catalyst (PMC) made from 12Kh18N10Т steel wire of a 0.2 mm diameter have been conducted. In both cases, byproducts (СН₄, СО₂, and coke) are formed along with the target products (Н₂, СО). It has been shown that the compositions of the resulting synthesis gas are close; however, the Н₂/CO molar ratio is closer to 2 in the case of PMC catalyst, which meets the requirements of the subsequent Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. Problems associated with coking and complete degradation of the structure of the α-Al₂O₃-based catalysts have been revealed and explained in terms of the low efficiency of heat removal from the surface and the formation of carbon in micropores followed by its expansion. These phenomena are characteristic of 12Kh18N10T PMC to a substantially lesser extent and have a local character, suggesting that this catalyst holds promise for its further investigation.