An investigation on Preparation and Effects of Post Heat Treatment on Electroless Nanocrystalline Ni–Sn–P Coatings

In this study, the electroless Ni–Sn–P coatings with different amounts of Sn were deposited on copper substrates to study the properties of the as-plated and heat treated coatings, especially corrosion behavior in 10 wt% sulfuric acid. Surface composition, surface morphology, and a cross-section of the coatings were studied by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and field emission electron microscope (FESEM) respectively. Structure and corrosion behavior of coatings were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical tests. Results showed that increasing in Sn content and changes in Ni and P content of the coatings led to the uniform and compact surface and changes within the structure of the coating. The coating with higher Sn content had the best corrosion behavior. Post heat treatment of nanocrystalline Ni–Sn–P coating resulted in better corrosion behavior, and the optimum heat treatment temperature was 350 °C.     

镍磷合金碳化硅复合镀层的制备与磨损性能研究

采取化学沉积方法，获得镍磷合金碳化硅复合材料镀层，研究了复合镀层的构成与磨损性能。研究结果表明，镍磷合金中加入碳化硅，不会影响其组织结构，但会显著地提高硬度和耐磨性；复合镀层经过热处理，组织结构发生变化；６７３Ｋ／１ｈ处理后，硬度与耐磨性最高，较镍磷合金镀层具有更高的硬化性能。     

Properties of Electroless Ni–B and Ni–P/Ni–B Coatings Formed on Stainless Steel

In this study, Ni–P/Ni–B duplex coatings and Ni–B single layer were deposited on 410 stainless steel by the electroless process. The surface morphology and cross section observations were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. The results showed that by using the Ni–high P layer under the Ni–B deposit, the hardness value was increased. Also, the surface roughness of Ni–high P/Ni–B duplex coating was lower than the surface roughness of the Ni–B single layer. In addition, by using the Ni–high P layer as an intermediate layer prior to Ni–B coating, the surface morphology could be compressed. The mass loss diagram and the worn surfaces indicated that the Ni–high P/Ni–B duplex coating was the best wear resistant among the other coatings.     

Effect of Rare Earth Metals on Structure and Properties of Electroless Co-B Alloy Coating

The effect of rare earth metals cerium, lanthanum and yttrium on chemical composition, structure and properties of electroless Co-B alloy coating was studied. By plasma transmitting spectrograph, electron energy spectrometer, X-ray diffractometter, miero-hardometer and vibratory- sample magnetometer the chemical constitution,structure and properties of the alloy coatings were analyzed and inspected. The results show that with a tiny quantity of rare earth metal added into Co-B alloy coating, the content of boron is decreased in the alloy coatings, and the kinds of rare earth metal have enormous effect on the structure and properties of electroless Co-B alloy coating. At the same time electroless Co-B alloy with amorphous structure is transformed to electroless Co-B-RE alloy with microcrystalline or crystalline structure. In this way microhardness of the coatings is increased remarkably. Cerium and lanthanum would also increase the saturated magnetic intensity and decrease coercitive force of the coating. So soft magnetization of the coatings would be improved.     

A comparative wear study of sputtered ZrN coatings on Si substrate

ZrN coatings were grown on silicon (100) substrate by reactive pulsed direct current sputtering in a mixture of argon and nitrogen gases. The structural parameters and crystallite size as a function of substrate temperatures in the range 300–873 K were studied using x-ray diffraction. A comparative wear Study of ZrN coatings was performed with steel and ceramic balls to evaluate the frictional properties of coatings. It was found that coefficient of friction of ZrN coatings tested with steel ball is lower than the coatings tested with ceramic balls. It is also found that the coefficient of friction is lower for the coatings deposited at higher temperature (873 K) than the coatings deposited at lower temperature (300 K). The morphology and phase distribution of the wear tracks were examined using scanning electron microscope and were correlated with tribological properties     

铝含量对封严涂层用铜铝骨架合金热性质影响的第一性原理计算

CuAl 合金是重要的可磨耗封严涂层骨架材料,Al 含量会对涂层的性能产生显著影响。为了明确不同 Al 含量对可磨耗封严涂层的热性能产生的影响,文章采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,使用特殊准随机结构对 Al 含量从 0 至 18.750at.% 的 α 相的铜铝二元合金进行了建模,并结合准谐近似方法研究了其弹性常数、熔点、热膨胀系数、比热容等性质。利用真空感应熔炼法制备了 Al 名义含量为11.0at.%、15.0 at.%、18.9 at.% 三组不同组分的铜铝合金,对其熔点、热膨胀系数与比热容进行了实验表征。计算结果表明,随着 Al 含量的增加CuAl 无序固溶体的熔点呈下降趋势,CuAl 合金的热膨胀系数呈升高趋势,CuAl 合金的定压比热容先升高后降低,计 算值与实验测量值符合良好。本工作可以为铜铝合金涂层成分设计提供一定理论与实验数据参考。     

机械研磨化学镀Ni-P镀层

采用原位的机械研磨化学镀方法在碳钢上制备出Ni-P镀层。原位的机械研磨处理方法是在化学镀溶液中加入试样以及直径为2～3 mm的玻璃小球,在化学镀的过程中,将小球与试样用搅拌器完全搅起,小球与试样的接触就像撞击的过程。机械研磨化学镀后,镀层由非晶向晶态发生转变,镀层为Ni的多晶结构,镀层颗粒细化并且光滑平整。与传统化学镀非晶Ni-P镀层相比,镀层硬度、耐蚀性都相应提高。400℃进行退火1 h后,在传统化学镀Ni-P镀层中有孔洞和裂纹出现,而在机械研磨化学镀Ni-P镀层中没有出现孔洞和裂纹。在传统的Ni-P镀层中发现裂纹,说明在镀层表面形成了拉应力,表明在非晶晶化的过程中体积发生了收缩。由于机械研磨化学镀Ni-P镀层已经发生了晶化,其镀层密度高于传统镀层,在热处理过程中,机械研磨化学镀Ni-P镀层的体积变化比传统化学镀Ni-P镀层的体积变化要小,因此没有裂纹产生。热处理后,机械研磨化学镀Ni-P镀层中Ni和Ni3P的晶粒尺寸都比传统镀层中的小,因而,经过机械研磨处理,镀层的硬度、耐蚀性和耐磨性将得到很大提高。机械研磨化学镀Ni-P镀层性能的提高预示着这项新的技术将会在工业上得到广泛的应用。     

Characterization of Vacuum Plasma Sprayed Reinforced Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Ti–6Al–4V alloy

Two reinforced hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings with an intermediate layer of zirconia were deposited on Ti–6Al–4V by vacuum plasma spray (VPS) technique. In first coating, HA was reinforced with 10 wt % Al₂O₃ whereas in second coating, HA was reinforced with 10 wt % ZrO₂. The objective of this study was to investigate the microstructure, phase formation and mechanical properties like hardness and bond strength of as-sprayed coatings and the coatings after post coating heat treatment at 700 °C for 1 h. The characterization of the coatings was performed by using SEM/EDAX, XRD, porosity, crystallinity and roughness measurement. The coatings were also evaluated for mechanical properties like hardness and tensile bond strength. It was observed that after post coating heat treatment, crystallinity increased and porosity decreased which indicated recrystallization of amorphous phases of as-sprayed coatings. Heat treatment resulted into improvement in cross-sectional hardness, however sharp decrease in bond strength was observed.     

石墨粉表面无敏化、活化镀铜工艺

探究一种无敏化和活化过程的石墨粉化学镀铜新工艺。研究石墨粉分别在酒石酸钾钠单络合剂、EDTA·Na_2单络合剂、酒石酸钾钠和EDTA·Na_2的双络合剂3种镀液配方中的化学镀铜行为,以及温度对镀层外观、镀覆速率、镀覆前后质量增加率的影响,并采用SEM分析方法表征施镀前后的石墨粉微观形貌。结果表明:石墨粉无敏化、活化处理条件下,可镀覆上完整的铜层。施镀反应在镀液pH值为12.5,甲醛浓度为35 m L/L条件下进行。镀覆温度为75℃,络合剂配方选择在乙二胺四乙酸二钠浓度c(EDTA·Na_2)为30 g/L时,镀覆速率1.32 g/h,镀覆效果最佳。镀覆后的石墨粉外观呈玫红色,且镀层连续致密。     

Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Ti–6Al–4V Implant Alloy Subjected to Various Surface Treatments

Titanium alloys are extensively used in various fields of engineering, medicine, aerospace, marine due to their excellent mechanical properties. Their usage is more pronounced today in the field of biomedical implants due to superior biocompatibility, corrosive resistance and high strength. However, titanium alloys have poor wear resistance due to high coefficient of friction. Poor abrasive wear resistance results in the formation of wear debris at the implant area causing toxicity, inflammation and pain. Surface treatment of the implant alloy through heat treatment, application of protective coatings and introduction of compressive residual stresses by shotpeening are some of the methods to mitigate wear of the implant alloy. In this work Ti?C6Al?C4V implant alloy is treated under various conditions of heat treatment and shotpeening operations on a pin on disc wear testing machine. Scanning electron micrograph along with energy dispersive spectrometry analysis is done to authenticate the experimental results obtained during the wear testing procedure.     

热处理对Ni-W-GO复合镀层组织及性能的影响

氧化石墨烯（GO）因其独特的结构和特性引起了广泛研究.论文以GO纳米片为硬质相,采用直流电沉积方法在45#钢基体上制备了Ni-W-GO复合镀层,并对其进行不同温度下的真空热处理,通过SEM、XRD、显微硬度计及摩擦磨损试验机等分析了热处理前后复合镀层的组织结构、物相、力学性能及摩擦磨损性能,分析磨损机理.结果表明:热处理过程使复合镀层晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,并伴随有微裂纹出现和中间相颗粒析出;随着热处理温度的升高,复合镀层的显微硬度及磨损性能呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,且当热处理温度为350 ℃时,维氏硬度最高达840.      

热处理在冷喷涂增材制造中的应用

作为一种固态沉积技术, 冷喷涂增材制造(CS-AM) 存在的主要问题是喷涂制备材料的塑性较差, 而后续热处理可以有效改善这一问题, 相关研究涉及冷喷涂 Cu、 Zn、Al、 铝合金、 Ti、 Ti6Al4V、 低碳不锈钢等金属涂层（材料）。本文概述了热处理对冷喷涂增材制造上述金属涂层（ 材料） 电阻率、 耐腐蚀性能以及力学性能的影响,为热处理在冷喷涂增材制造中的应用提供参考。     

Thick Low-Friction nc-MeC/a-C Nanocomposite Coatings on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy: Microstructure and Tribological Properties in Sliding Contact with a Ball

In this paper, we show that duplex surface treatment, combining oxygen diffusion hardening with the subsequent deposition of thick, low-friction nanocomposite nc-MeC/a-C coatings to improve the tribological properties of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. We have synthesized, in a magnetron sputtering process, the nanocomposite nc-MeC/a-C coatings (where Me denotes W or Ti transition metal) consisting of two dissimilar materials (nanocrystallites of transition metal carbides MeC and an amorphous carbon matrix a-C). The nano and microstructure of the substrate material and coatings were examined with the use of scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as by X-ray diffractometry. It was found that different carbide nanocrystals of the same transition metal were embedded in an amorphous carbon matrix of both coatings. The HRTEM analysis indicated that the volume fraction of tungsten carbides in the nc-WC/a-C coating was equal to 13 pct, whereas in the nc-TiC/a-C one the volume fraction of the titanium carbides was equal to just 3 pct. The tribological properties, hardness, and scratch resistance of the coatings were investigated as well. The coefficient of friction (COF) of the coatings during dry sliding against 6 mm diameter alumina ball reached very low value, 0.05, in comparison with an oxygen-hardened alloy, whose COF was equal to 0.8. This low-friction effect of the coatings has been attributed to the formation of a self-lubricating film in sliding contact. The coatings exhibited similar failure morphology in the scratch tests. Even though the hardness was rather low, the coatings exhibited a very good wear resistance during sliding friction. The wear rate of the nc-WC/a-C coating was equal to 0.08 × 10^?6 mm³ N^?1 m^?1 and for the nc-TiC/a-C one it was 0.28 × 10^?6 mm³ N^?1 m^?1.     

7075铝合金化学镀对镍磷合金镀膜组织和性能的影响

金属表面处理直接影响7075铝合金的力学性能及耐腐蚀性能.以7075-T6铝合金为基体,采用化学镀(EN)技术在光滑基体表面均匀镀覆一定厚度的镍磷(Ni-P)镀膜,镀膜厚度分别为3.64、5.87和7.33 μm,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、硬度测试及电化学工作站等手段分析膜层特性及膜厚对70...     

镱对镍磷合金化学镀组织和抗腐蚀性能的影响

研究了添加稀土镱(Yb)对镍磷(Ni-P)合金化学镀镀层组织和性能的影响，探讨了镱在化学镀过程中的作用机制。结果表明，由于镱具有较强的吸附能力，优先吸附在晶体缺陷处，能提高基体的催化活性，对镀层的耐腐蚀性能有明显的影响。适量添加稀土镱，得到的镍磷沉积镀层自腐蚀电位增加，腐蚀电流密度降低，表面更加平整、均匀，且镀层原有的非晶态结构没有发生改变，热处理后的显微硬度提高。     

Formation of Aluminide Coatings by a Low Temperature FBCVD Process

The formation of aluminide coatings on Ni, Inconel 738, NiCr23Fe, SS304 and ARMCO Fe by a Fluidised Bed Chemical Vapour Deposition (FBCVD) process at low temperatures (550‐650°C) was studied. Aluminium powder and a HCl activator were used to form precursor halide vapours of Al. This led to the aluminide coating formation on the substrate's surface. The examination of the treated samples by means of optical microscopy and SEM/EDX indicated the deposition of dense and homogeneous coatings over the entire surface even for small treatment times. Coating thickness growth and coating morphology were evaluated for various treatment times and temperatures. The low temperature process has advantages compared to the high temperature process since the mechanical properties of the treated parts are not affected, although the coating thicknesses achieved are smaller.     

Features of formation and the structure,composition, and properties of electrospark coatings on the ZhS6U nickel alloy with the use of the KhTN-61 SHS-Ts alloy

Features of the mass transfer of a KhTN-61 SHS-Ts electrode material onto a substrate of a ZhS6U nickel alloy with a variation in frequency (1000–1400 Hz) and time (25–70 μs) of pulsed discharges was studied. A complex of studies of the structure, composition, and properties of the formed coatings was carried out. The optimum frequency-energetic mode of the treatment (E = 0.30 J, f = 1000 Hz, and τ = 50 μs), which was characterized by a high rate of coating at a satisfactory degree of the roughness of the surface layer, is found. As a result of electrospark alloying (ESA) at the optimum energetic parameters, 40-μm-thick coatings with a uniformity of 95% and a microhardness of 5.2 GPa form on the surface of the nickel alloy. The ESA treatment of a ZhS6U nickel alloy with the use of KhTN-61 SHS-Ts electrode material allows us to enhance its wear resistance (by more than a factor of 10), hardness (by a factor of 2), and heat resistance, as well as to decrease (by a factor of 5) the friction coefficient.     

碳化硅复合镍磷合金涂层的组织结构、显微硬度及腐蚀性能研究

镍基复合涂层是一项有望替代电镀铬涂层的先进绿色环保表面处理技术。 本文在铝合金表面制备了纯 Ni、 NiP及其与SiC复合涂层, 利用SEM、 EDS和XRD研究了Ni、 NiP及其复合涂层的微观形貌、 成分与组织结构, 利用显微硬度计与电化学工作站研究了其硬度与耐腐蚀性能。 研究结果表明： SiC 复合电镀纯镍涂层的表面较为 粗糙, SiC 复合电镀镍磷合金涂层中晶粒轮廓明显; 电沉积镍磷合金涂层的相结构包括晶体 Ni2P、 Ni12P5 和非晶 NiP。 铝合金基体表面 Ni-P 合金涂层的显微硬度显著高于纯 Ni 涂层, 引入 SiC 纳米颗粒形成复合涂层可提高其 显微硬度; SiC 颗粒有助于提高复合涂层在氯化钠溶液中的腐蚀电位, 降低腐蚀电流密度, 提高其耐蚀性能。     

镁合金化学复合镀(Ni-P)-SiC纳米颗粒

研究了镁合金化学复合镀(Ni-P)-SiC纳米颗粒的制备工艺,并对复合镀层的性能进行测试,揭示了影响镀层性能的主要因素及变化规律。     

A new class of electric-spark coatings for articles made of titanium alloys for use in extreme conditions

The formation, structure, composition, and properties of electric-spark coatings on titanium alloys (VT 6, VT 20) obtained with the use of hard-alloy electrode materials (EM) on the basis of titanium carbide and boride, as well as nanodispersed tungsten carbide are considered. The peculiarities of the mass transfer of EM on VT 20 grade titanium alloy when the parameters (current strength, frequency, and duration) of the pulsed current discharge vary are investigated. The optimum power mode of the electric-spark treatment of the Ti alloy by new EMs (I = 175 A, f = 800 Hz, and = τ μs) are determined. Investigations of the structure, phase composition, and properties (such as continuity; thickness; microhardness; friction coefficient; and wear-, heat-, and fretting resistance) of formed electric-spark coatings are carried out. Their phase composition and topography are investigated after high-temperature treatment (at 600°C for 100 h). It is shown that electric-spark treatment by new hard-alloy EMs improves the properties of electric-spark coatings on VT 20 titanium alloy compared to similar coatings obtained with the use of widely spread electrodes VK8, T15K6, and relit.