Controlled synthesis of highly ordered CuO nanowire arrays by template-based sol-gel route

The highly ordered CuO nanowire arrays of composite-oxides were synthesized within a porous anodic aluminum oxide（AAO） template by a citrate-based sol-gel route. A vacuum system was applied to draw the gel into the template pores, which conquers the only driving force of this technique-capillary action, then the gel was thermally treated to prepare desired CuO nanowires. The results of scanning electron microscopy（SEM） indicate that the CuO nanowires are very uniformly assembled and parallel to each other in the pores of the anodic aluminum oxide（AAO） template membranes. The results of X-ray diffraction（XRD） and the selected-area electron diffraction（SAED） indicate that the CuO nanowires are monoclinic-type crystalline structure. Furthermore, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） demonstrates that the stoichiometric CuO is formed.     

Fe、Ni、Cu对AXJ530镁合金腐蚀性能的影响

应用5%的NaCl盐雾腐蚀、浸泡腐蚀试验和电化学方法,研究了Fe、Ni、Cu杂质元素对AXJ530镁合金耐蚀性的影响。盐水和盐雾腐蚀试验结果表明,当合金中Fe和Cu的质量分数分别小于69×10-6时,AXJ530镁合金的耐蚀性几乎没有受到影响;而当Ni的质量分数大于3×10-6时,合金的耐蚀性明显下降。Fe或Cu的加入导致了合金的腐蚀表面出现了蜂窝状的腐蚀坑,而Ni的加入导致合金的腐蚀表面出现了很多点蚀坑。极化曲线试验中,Fe和Ni对腐蚀电流的影响规律和盐雾与盐水浸泡腐蚀试验中基本一致,而Cu对腐蚀电流没有明显的影响。     

[Co／Ti],[Co／Cu（Ni）]多层膜的结构与磁性

用双对向靶溅射方法制备了具有非晶磁性的「Ｃｏ／Ｔｉ」３０，「Ｃｏ／Ｃｕ（Ｎｉ）３０」两组多层膜，分别用Ｘ射线衍射，透射电镜和振动样品磁强计做了结构和磁性测量，在以非晶Ｃｏ和Ｃｉｕ－Ｎｉ合金构成的「Ｃｏ／Ｃｕ（Ｎｉ）」多层膜中，发现饱和磁化强度Ｍｓ随非磁性层厚度ｄｓ的增国发生振荡变化；在以非晶Ｃｏ和Ｔｉ构成的「Ｃｏ／Ｔｉ」多层膜中，ＭＳ和则随ｄｓ的增加而减小。     

退火对Co/Cu多层膜微观结构和磁性能的影响

研究了退火对磁控溅射Co/Cu多层膜微观结构和磁性能的影响。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察了沉积态及在不同温度退火后Co/Cu多层膜表面及截面的显微组织,用能谱仪(EDS)分析了退火后Co/Cu多层膜截面的元素分布,用综合物性测量系统(PPMS)对Co/Cu多层膜的磁滞回线进行了测量。表面显微组织的观察结果表明退火温度低于450℃时,多层膜表面形貌变化不大,均是由细小的晶粒组成。退火温度高于该温度后,随退火温度的升高,晶粒迅速长大。截面显微组织的观察结果和元素分布的测试结果表明,磁控溅射的Co/Cu多层膜内有大量柱状晶,随退火温度升高柱状晶长大。当退火温度达到600℃后,多层膜内的层状结构被破坏。磁滞回线的测量结果表明,退火温度低于400℃时,Co/Cu多层膜的磁性能变化不大,退火温度高于该温度后,随退火温度升高,矫顽力迅速增大。     

Behavior of residual carbon in Sm(Co, Fe, Cu, Zr)z permanent magnets

When sintered Sm(Co, Fe, Cu, Zr)_z permanent magnets are prepared by metal injection molding, some organic binders are added in alloy powder, which leads to much residual carbon in the magnets. The residual carbon decreases magnetic properties and destroys the microstructure of the magnets. In this paper, the behavior of carbon in Sm(Co, Fe, Cu, Zr)_z permanent magnets has been studied. The results indicate that Sm(Co, Fe, Cu, Zr)_z magnets can keep excellent magnetic properties when the carbon content is below 0.1 wt.%: Br ≥ 10 kGs, H_cj ≥ 22 kOe, BH_max ≥ 25 MGOe. When the carbon content is above 0.1 wt.%, Br, H_cj and BH_max decrease with increasing carbon content evidently. Carbon consumes Zr content and forms ZrC, which reduces the volume fraction of the lamella and Sm(Co, Cu)₅ phases. Thus, the cell size increases and the cellular microstructure deteriorates. When the carbon content reaches 0.43 wt.%, there is not enough Sm(Co, Cu)₅ phase to form a uniform cellular microstructure. Br, H_cj and BH_max are approximate to zero. Since carbon has little influence on the content of Sm₂(Co, Fe)₁₇ phase, Ms can keep a high value (≥100 emu/g). ZrC has high melting point (3420 °C) and acts as dispersion particle in the magnets, which prevents the grains of SEM structure growing and reduces the liquid content of green compacts during sintering. Therefore, the density of the magnets decreases.     

95W-5（Ni／Fe／Co）合金高温变形及影响因素

通过温度、应变速率对95W-5（Ni／Fe／Co）合金流变应力曲线的影响，分析了该合金的变形特点。结果表明：该合金在200℃～600℃温度范围内变形时，初始加工硬化十分显著。宏观上表现为合金的屈服强度较高。95W-5（Ni／Fe／Co）合金在700℃～1300℃的流变应力曲线有一明显的特点就是曲线的斜率变小，而且出现短暂稳定态的流动。这是由于粘结相发牛动态回复的结果。此外该合金的高温塑性亦随应变速率的增大而增加。扫描电镜分析结果从微观上验证了该合金高温塑性变化的原因。     

高温稀土永磁Sm（Co0．72Fe0．15Cu0．1Zr0．03）7．5的烧结和磁性能研究

采用粉末冶金法制备高温稀土永磁Sm（Co0.72Fe0．15Cu0.1Zr0．03）7.5，研究了烧结温度对磁体磁性能的影响。结果表明：烧结温度过低，则磁体的致密度较低，难以获得优良的磁性能；烧结温度过高，则Sm挥发，磁体的Sm含量降低，磁性能恶化。磁体的最佳烧结条件为：温度1215℃，保温45min。在上述条件制备的磁体在25℃及500℃时的剩磁夙、内禀矫顽力Hci、最大磁能积（BH）max分别为：0．94T，2276．6kA／m，171．9kJ／m^3及0．67T，509．4kA／m，81.2kJ／m^3；磁体的占．日退磁曲线在500℃时保持为直线，内禀矫顽力温度系数声（25℃-500℃）为-0，16％／℃，最高使用温度达到533℃。     

Effect of Cu, Ni on the property and microstructure of ultrafine WC-10Co alloys by sinter-hipping

Sub-micron size (0.4-0.6 μm) Co-Cu/Ni composite powders were synthesized by a co-precipitation method. The effects of minor Cu and Ni additions on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of ultrafine WC-10Co alloys were investigated using scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and mechanical properties tests. The results show that Co-Cu binder phase refines the WC grains and increases the hardness of the base alloys. But the addition of Ni can't refine the WC grains and increase the hardness. The addition of minor Cu or Ni can improve transverse rupture strength of alloys through the solid solution strengthening. However, adding excess Cu can lead to the decrease in transverse rupture strength. With the partial substitution of Co by Cu and Ni, the hardness and transverse rupture strength of the alloys have a little change.     

On the influence of sol-gel derived CeO2 coatings on high-temperature oxidation of Co, Ni and Cu

The effects of CeO₂ coatings on high-temperature oxidation of Co, Ni and Cu have been investigated as a function of temperature at oxygen pressures from 1×10⁻⁴ to 1 atm. The oxidation mechanisms for Co and Cu are essentially unaffected by CeO₂ coatings, whereas the oxidation rate of Ni decreases by approximately one order of magnitude. The oxygen pressure dependence does not change markedly with CeO₂ coatings for any of the metals studied. For oxidation of Ni plus CeO₂ coatings, the temperature dependence is less marked at lower temperatures, whereas essentially the same behavior is observed for Co and Cu with and without the coating. Differences in the effects of CeO₂ coatings for the three metal systems have been attributed to the relative influence of grain boundary transport on the overall rates of oxidation.     

Effect of Zn,Cu and Ni addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-Dy alloys

This paper presents some research information on the effects of Zn, Cu and Ni on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-2Dy(at.%) alloys. The Mg-2Dy alloy is composed of α-Mg and Mg24Dy5 phases. With the addition of 0.5at.%Zn, 0.5at.%Cu and 0.5at.%Ni, respectively, besides α-Mg, the long period stacking order(LPSO) phases containing Zn, Cu, and Ni precipitated in the α-Mg interdentritic boundary. The addition of Ni effectively refined the dendrite arm spacing. The as-cast Mg-2Dy-0.5Ni alloy exhibited the best tensile strengths and elongation. The better mechanical properties were mainly attributed to small secondry dendrite arm spacing(SDAS) and high volume fraction of LPSO phases.     

添加Cr及Cr_3C_2对WC-(Co,Ni)硬质合金比饱和磁化强度的影响

本文首先研究了WC-(Co,Ni)硬质合金渗碳时的比饱和磁化强度。然后以此为基础研究了添加Cr及Cr3C2对WC-(Co,Ni)硬质合金的比饱和磁化强度的影响。结果表明:WC-(Co,Ni)硬质合金在Ni/(Co+Ni)质量比不超过0.5时,渗碳时合金的比饱和磁化强度遵从加和原理,相对比饱和磁化强度接近100%。当Ni/(Co+Ni)质量比超过0.5后,渗碳时合金的相对比饱和磁化强度急剧下降,远低于100%。Cr和Cr3C2的添加对WC-(Co,Ni)硬质合金有显著影响,添加Cr和Cr3C2后的WC-(Co,Ni)合金的比饱和磁化强度不再符合原来的加和关系;Cr和Cr3C2的加入,显著减弱了合金的磁性,其程度与Cr在粘结相中的相对含量有关。     

FeGaB (25 nm)/Al2O3/FeGaB(25 nm)多层薄膜结构：氧化铝(Al2O3)厚度变化对静态与动态磁性能的影响

铁镓(FeGa)薄膜与其它软磁材料相比具有较大的磁致伸缩常数,在设计集成磁性传感器芯片中具有独特的优势,本文通过采用非磁性掺杂和多层膜方法来控制这种合金薄膜的磁学与电学性能参数。我们实验发现在掺杂一定量硼(B)元素后,厚度小于30 nm的FeGa薄膜顽力可以得到显著降低,而对于较厚薄膜在插入超薄Al2 O3中间层后软磁性能可以得到同样程度显著改善,同时饱和磁化(Ms)变化可忽略。对于我们制备的FeGaB (25 nm)/Al2O3(0.5 nm)/FeGaB(25 nm)多层膜,其易轴矫顽力可以小到0.98 Oe,电阻率与50nm单层FeGaB膜相比增加了1.5倍,同时具有吉赫兹高磁导率谱。样品微结构分析表明,磁性颗粒结晶质量和物理尺寸的减小对软磁性改善起到重要作用,另外我们也讨论分析了静磁相互作用和表面形貌对磁畴运动及矫顽力的影响。本文发展的掺杂与多层膜混合方案来来增强电磁性能的方法,也可应用于其他类型的软磁材料系统。