液压传动中的CAD技术

论述了ＣＡＤ技术在液压传动中的应用，将流体力学计算、液压元件选取、计算等功能集成于一ＣＡＤ软件系统中，并自动绘制出液压系统图。实现液压传动工程高效、高质及信息化。     

计算机辅助检验规程设计（CAIP）的研究与实现──符号信息与几何信息的过渡和集成

着重介绍了计算机辅助检验规程设计（ＣＡＩＰ）系统第二部分的开发方案、实现特色和使用优势。ＣＡＩＰ系统是ＣＡＱ与ＣＡＤ、ＣＡＰＰ、ＣＡＭ集成的纽带，该智能系统的实现融汇了面向对象、信息集成、专家系统、关系数据库管理系统、图形系统等多种技术。本文所述＂检验指导图生成＂部分，将ＣＡＱ与ＣＩＭＳ集成信息以图形方式直观地显示出来，是ＣＡＩＰ不可缺少的部分。     

阀门产品CAD系统CAVDS的研究

应用参数化和复杂曲面造型设计方法，在大型ＣＡＤ软件ＥＵＣＬＩＤ上用二次开发语言研制了阀门产品ＣＡＤ系统ＣＡＶＤＳＤ。详细介绍了系统开发平台及结构、设计方法和开发中的一些技术问题。     

CIMS环境下一种飞机结构件知识基CAPP系统FA—CAPP

介绍了８６３计划ＣＩＭＳ重点应用工程－－成都飞机工业公司ＣＩＭＳ环境下的飞机结构件知识基ＣＡＰＰ系统－－ＦＡ－ＣＡＰＰ系统的主要功能，重点讨论了在飞机结构件集成化知识基ＣＡＰＰ的研究与开发方面所取得的研究和应用成果，包括ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＰＰ／ＣＡＭ的集成，特征基工艺决策，专家系统技术的应用、知识库技术的应用、工序图的生成与编辑、基于数据库的工艺过程信息共享等。     

计算机辅助检验规程设计的研究与实现——符号信息与几何信息的过渡…

着重介绍了计算机辅助检验规程设计系统第二部分的开发方案，实现特色和使用优势。ＣＡＩＰ是ＣＡＱ和ＣＡＱ与ＣＡＤ、ＣＡＰＰ、ＣＡＭ集成的纽带，该智能系统的实现融汇了面向对象，信息集成，专家系统，关系数据库管理系统、图形系统等多种技术。本文所述“检验指导图生成”部分，将ＣＡＱ与ＣＩＭＳ集成信息以图形方式直观地显示出来，是ＣＡＩＰ不可缺少的部分。     

CIMS环境下一种飞机结构件知识基CAPP系统FA－CAPP

介绍了８６３计划ＣＩＭＳ重点应用工程──成都飞机工业公司ＣＩＭＳ环境下的飞机结构件知识基ＣＡＰＰ系统──ＦＡ－ＣＡＰＰ系统的主要功能，重点讨论了在飞机结构件集成化知识基ＣＡＰＰ的研究与开发方面所取得的研究和应用成果，包括ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＰＰ／ＣＡＭ的集成、特征基工艺决策、专家系统技术的应用、知识库技术的应用、工序图的生成与编辑、基于数据库的工艺过程信息共享等。     

AutoLISP在SY—H—CAPP工序图自动绘制中的应用

本文根据我们在开发ＳＹ－Ｈ－ＣＡＰＰ工序图绘制软件过程中的体会和经验，就应用ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ及ＡｕｔｏＬＩＳＰ实现ＣＡＰＰ工序图自动绘制的方法，作此论述和探讨。     

用CAGD技术进行有限元前处理

本文介绍了用ＣＡＧＤ技术进行有限元前处理的设计要点。这种前处理包括用ＣＡＤ软件形成有限元单元图和用ＣＡＧＤ技术实现单元图的数值化处理。它避免了大量的有限元数据准备和输入工作，具有广泛的实用价值。     

CAD技术在连杆锻件毛坯计算中的应用

针对连杆锻件毛坯的截面积计算，直径图绘制以及毛坯体积和重量的计算，基于ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤＲ１２．０软件的高级扩展造型模块ＡＭＥ，开发了一个交互的处理程序，并将此程序集成于ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ系统中。文中对其实现的方法、价值及关键技术进行了的论述，并举例说明。     

工业企业CAD系统的规划设计

分析了我国ＣＡＤ技术应用的现状，介绍了各种类型ＣＡＤ系统的配置，构成，以及工业企业规划设计ＣＡＤ系统的基本方法。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from