Cu/C-Al2O3催化臭氧氧化印染废水

采用浸渍-焙烧法制备了Cu/C-Al2O3。以Cu/C-Al2O3为催化剂,臭氧为氧化剂,对印染废水进行了催化臭氧化处理,考察了催化剂投加量、氧化剂浓度、pH和反应时间等因素对处理效果的影响。结果表明:当pH为9,催化剂投加量为10 g/L,O3质量浓度为55 mg/L,反应时间为60 min时,COD去除率达到60%,色度去除率达到96%。     

多相催化臭氧化处理采油废水试验研究

采用多相催化臭氧化技术在实验室条件下去除采油废水中的COD。考察了催化剂的种类、吸附作用和投加量以及pH、反应时间、HCO3-和CO32-对多相催化臭氧化去除采油废水COD的影响。试验最佳工艺条件为:臭氧质量浓度为80 mg.L-1、催化剂为A3、催化剂投加量为1 000 mg.L-1、pH为10.8和反应时间为50 min。结果表明,在最佳工艺条件下,采用A3/O3氧化工艺处理采油废水,COD去除率可达到79.40%,比O3、A1/O3和A2/O33种氧化工艺对COD的去除率分别提高了33.00%、14.00%和18.10%,出水COD为118.450 mg.L-1,达到了国家污水综合排放标准的二级排放标准;催化剂对采油废水中的有机物具有一定的吸附作用;pH对反应影响显著,pH越大越有利于COD的去除;COD去除率随反应时间的延长其增幅逐渐减小,最终趋于平衡;HCO3-和CO32-对多相催化臭氧化去除COD的效果具有很大的抑制作用,在HCO3-和CO32-质量浓度为200 mg.L-1时,COD去除率分别为39.89%和27.59%,比HCO3-和CO32-质量浓度为0 mg.L-1时的COD去除率分别降低了39.51%和51.81%,试验还发现,CO32-对自由基的抑制作用强于HCO3-。这在某种程度上证明了多相催化臭氧化对有机物的降解遵循羟基自由基氧化机理。     

非均相催化臭氧化深度处理钻井废水的效能研究

采用单独臭氧氧化、MnO2吸附和O3/MnO2催化氧化3种体系对经过混凝处理后的钻井废水进行深度处理,重点研究了O3/MnO2催化氧化体系去除钻井废水中有机物(以COD计)的效能。结果表明:相比单独臭氧氧化和MnO2吸附体系,O3/MnO2催化氧化体系能显著提高COD和TOC的去除率;COD去除率随着臭氧投加量和催化剂投加量的增加、pH的升高和反应时间的增加而增大;在臭氧投加量为80 mg/L、pH为11.5、催化剂投加量为20 g/L、反应时间为40 min的最佳工艺条件下,COD和TOC的去除率分别达到87.51%、83.18%,COD从686.28 mg/L降至85.72mg/L,出水达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)的一级标准要求。     

O_3/TiO_2/Al_2O_3处理钻井废水的试验研究

试验采用改进的溶胶-凝胶法制备了以Al2O3为载体的TiO2多相催化剂,并以钻井废水COD为目标降解物,考察了催化剂投加量、臭氧浓度、pH和反应时间对O3/TiO2/Al2O3催化氧化去除COD的影响。结果表明:相比于单独O3、O3/TiO2处理工艺,O3/TiO2/Al2O3明显地提高了对废水COD的去除率,且碱性pH环境利于TiO2/Al2O3催化臭氧化反应的进行;在催化剂投加量为3.75g/L,臭氧质量浓度为80mg/L,pH为9.4的条件下,反应25min后,COD去除率可达92.35%,废水COD可从890 mg/L降至约68 mg/L,达到了《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)的一级排放标准。     

Fe_2O_3/γ-Al_2O_3/H_2O_2/O_3对制药二级生化出水的深度处理研究

采用浸渍法将Fe_2O_3负载在γ-Al_2O_3表面,制备高活性催化剂。采用Fe_2O_3/γ-Al_2O_3/H_2O_2/O_3催化氧化深度处理制药二级生化出水,考察催化剂投加量、pH值、双氧水投加量、臭氧流量等对废水中COD去除率的影响。结果显示,在催化剂投加量3 g/L,废水pH为9,双氧水投加量1 mg/L,臭氧流量1.0 L/min条件下,COD去除率达到85.96%。催化剂循环使用10次后,COD去除率仍然可达到83%以上,证明催化剂稳定性良好。     

混凝沉淀-臭氧氧化深度处理皂素废水的实验研究

用混凝沉淀-臭氧氧化组合工艺对皂素生物处理出水的净化效果进行了研究。结果表明,YJD/PAM对皂素废水有较好的絮凝效果,臭氧氧化处理效果受废水pH、臭氧投加量、反应时间等因素的影响,实验的最佳反应条件为:废水pH值为11,臭氧投加量为1 500 mg/L,反应时间为20 min左右,此时出水COD和色度均达到国家排放标准。     

Fe_2O_3/γ-Al_2O_3/H_2O_2/O_3对制药二级生化出水的深度处理研究

采用浸渍法将Fe_2O_3负载在γ-Al_2O_3表面,制备高活性催化剂。采用Fe_2O_3/γ-Al_2O_3/H_2O_2/O_3催化氧化深度处理制药二级生化出水,考察催化剂投加量、pH值、双氧水投加量、臭氧流量等对废水中COD去除率的影响。结果显示,在催化剂投加量3 g/L,废水pH为9,双氧水投加量1 mg/L,臭氧流量1.0 L/min条件下,COD去除率达到85.96%。催化剂循环使用10次后,COD去除率仍然可达到83%以上,证明催化剂稳定性良好。     

高浓度硫脲废水的臭氧催化氧化法处理研究

针对铜铟镓硒薄膜太阳能电池的高浓度硫脲废水(硫脲2500mg/L,COD为3000mg/L,pH=10),采用臭氧催化氧化法对其进行处理,结果表明臭氧+催化剂+双氧水的催化氧化法效果最佳,在臭氧投加浓度500mg/L条件下,最佳的催化剂投加量为200mg/L,双氧水(30%)投加量为4g/L,反应时间为8小时,COD去除率80%左右。在反应时间8小时,COD去除率大于70%情况下,臭氧与硫脲的最佳比值为1.67。8小时后,COD去除率增加缓慢,后续可采用生化法进一步处理。     

UV/O3氧化处理磺化泥浆体系钻井废水

用紫外光催化-臭氧(UV/O3)氧化处理磺化泥浆体系钻井废水,考察了pH、初始COD、臭氧投加量等因素的影响.结果表明:由于钻井废水中含有羟基自由基可清除碳酸氢根离子,所以钻井废水UV/O3氧化在pH为3.0时的效果好于中性和碱性条件;初始浓度的降低和臭氧投加量的增多均可提高UV/O3氧化去除钻井废水COD的速率,但是随着臭氧投加量的增多,相应的臭氧指数(OI)显著增大.当臭氧投加量为810 mg/h时,氧化60min COD可从647mg/L降至96mg/L,但臭氧指数高达4.52,显得并不经济.由于UV/O3氧化可大大提高钻井废水的可生化性,所以可以先用UV/O3预氧化钻井废水,然后再用生物法处理,这样可大幅降低处理费用.     

功能陶瓷膜催化臭氧氧化处理页岩气压裂废水

采用功能陶瓷膜催化臭氧氧化处理页岩气压裂废水，考察了不同功能陶瓷膜、初始pH、臭氧投加量、反应时间等因素对压裂废水处理效果和膜污染控制效果的影响。结果表明：氧化锰陶瓷膜、氧化钛陶瓷膜和氧化铝陶瓷膜具有良好的臭氧催化功能，与臭氧组合促进了氧化反应系统中羟基自由基（·OH）的产生，明显增强了废水处理效果，相比单独臭氧氧化COD去除率最高提升了21.65%。在初始pH为7.5、臭氧投加量为80 mg/L、反应时间为60 min时，氧化锰陶瓷膜与臭氧组合处理压裂废水COD去除率为79.17%；臭氧可有效控制氧化锰陶瓷膜污染，随着臭氧浓度的增加，?TMP明显下降，当臭氧投加量为80 mg/L时，?TMP达到最大下降比率72.78%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.