非均相催化臭氧化深度处理钻井废水的效能研究

采用单独臭氧氧化、MnO2吸附和O3/MnO2催化氧化3种体系对经过混凝处理后的钻井废水进行深度处理,重点研究了O3/MnO2催化氧化体系去除钻井废水中有机物(以COD计)的效能。结果表明:相比单独臭氧氧化和MnO2吸附体系,O3/MnO2催化氧化体系能显著提高COD和TOC的去除率;COD去除率随着臭氧投加量和催化剂投加量的增加、pH的升高和反应时间的增加而增大;在臭氧投加量为80 mg/L、pH为11.5、催化剂投加量为20 g/L、反应时间为40 min的最佳工艺条件下,COD和TOC的去除率分别达到87.51%、83.18%,COD从686.28 mg/L降至85.72mg/L,出水达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)的一级标准要求。     

Cu/C-Al2O3催化臭氧氧化印染废水

采用浸渍-焙烧法制备了Cu/C-Al2O3。以Cu/C-Al2O3为催化剂,臭氧为氧化剂,对印染废水进行了催化臭氧化处理,考察了催化剂投加量、氧化剂浓度、pH和反应时间等因素对处理效果的影响。结果表明:当pH为9,催化剂投加量为10 g/L,O3质量浓度为55 mg/L,反应时间为60 min时,COD去除率达到60%,色度去除率达到96%。     

臭氧催化氧化——曝气生物滤池工艺深度处理食品添加剂废水

采用臭氧催化氧化-曝气生物滤池(BAF)工艺深度处理食品添加剂生产废水,分别用MnO2、负载MnO2的陶粒作为催化剂。在废水体积200mL,加入负载MnO2的陶粒2g,O3/COD比值为0.75,调节废水pH为4,通O3时间为5min的最佳操作条件下,废水COD值由400mg/L降至220mg/L,去除率达45%。原废水含较多难生物降解有机物,经O3氧化预处理后,COD下降45%,其BOD5/COD比值由0.3升为0.44,更易于生化降解。采用催化臭氧氧化-BAF组合工艺处理食品添加剂废水,COD去除率高达85%,处理效果良好。     

催化湿式二氧化氯氧化法的研究

通过浸渍法制备了包含四类主活性组分的负载型催化剂,用于二氧化氯催化湿式氧化(CWCDO)处理印染废水、有机农药废水.由实验确定了催化湿式氧化的条件,结果表明,四元组合MnO2-CuO-CeO2-V2O5(质量比为2:4:1:1)催化剂性能较好,反应在常温常压下,维持pH为3.0～5.0,反应时间为30 min时,COD的去除率大于85%,色度去除率大于90%.     

臭氧催化氧化深度处理亚麻生产废水实验研究

对亚麻生产废水生化出水进行了臭氧催化氧化实验研究,研究了不同类型催化剂、催化剂投加量、初始pH以及臭氧溶解段高度对COD去除率的影响,同时研究了催化氧化过程废水B/C的变化。实验表明:γ-Al_2O_3基催化剂较陶粒催化剂有更好的催化效果,最佳反应条件为:pH 8.2(原水pH),催化剂575 g,反应时间约60 min,臭氧溶解段高度40 cm,COD去除率可达到67.21%,催化氧化反应10 min时废水B/C达到最高值0.25,可联合臭氧催化氧化和生化工艺深度处理亚麻废水以降低处理成本。     

Mn-Al_2O_3催化臭氧氧化处理工业废水试验研究

采用浸渍法制备了Mn-Al_2O_3催化剂,考察了催化剂的锰负载量、稳定性等影响因素,以及Mn-Al_2O_3催化臭氧氧化深度处理实际化工、制药和印染废水的效果。试验结果表明:5%-Mn-Al_2O_3催化剂对工业废水COD_(Cr)的去除效果以及重复性均较好。5%-Mn-Al_2O_3催化氧化化工、制药和印染废水的最佳臭氧反应时间分别为10、 20、 30 min,此时COD_(Cr)去除率分别为37.12%、 30.53%和64%,比单独的臭氧氧化分别提高了31.0%、15.4%和31.7%。     

多相催化臭氧氧化法处理印染废水的研究

采用浸渍法制备了活性炭负载铁锰氧化物的催化剂用于对印染废水的多相催化臭氧氧化处理,当铁锰质量比为1∶2时,催化剂处理效果最佳。多相催化臭氧氧化工艺的最佳运行参数为:处理时间60 min、臭氧通气量0.2 L/min、催化剂投加质量20 g、废水pH=5。经多相催化臭氧氧化处理后,印染废水的COD、氨氮、TP、色度去除率分别为81.7%、90.2%、97.6%、99.1%,去除效果较好。     

臭氧催化氧化技术深度处理煤气废水的实验研究

经生化法处理后的煤气废水,COD、总氰化合物、色度没有达到排放标准。通过实验研究了臭氧催化氧化技术对煤气废水的处理效果,并考察了反应时间、pH、催化剂对臭氧氧化效果的影响。实验结果表明,当反应时间>30 min、pH在9~12,臭氧有较高的氧化效率;当反应时间为30 min、pH=9时,煤气废水COD的去除率达到65.3%。TS-2型催化剂的使用使煤气废水COD去除率提高到66.9%,增加了1.6%。达到最佳时的反应时间降低了5 min。     

O3催化氧化技术深度处理工业园区印染废水

针对工业园区印染废水的特性,采用O3氧化、O3/H2O2协同氧化、O3催化氧化三组工艺对比,考察反应时间、H2O2投加量、O3投加浓度对印染废水处理效果的影响.结果表明臭氧催化氧化工艺是较合适的处理工艺,反应参数为进水流量1.2 m3/h、回流量2.5 m3/h、臭氧气体流量0.8 m3/h、臭氧投加浓度25 mg/L...     

多相催化臭氧化处理采油废水试验研究

采用多相催化臭氧化技术在实验室条件下去除采油废水中的COD。考察了催化剂的种类、吸附作用和投加量以及pH、反应时间、HCO3-和CO32-对多相催化臭氧化去除采油废水COD的影响。试验最佳工艺条件为:臭氧质量浓度为80 mg.L-1、催化剂为A3、催化剂投加量为1 000 mg.L-1、pH为10.8和反应时间为50 min。结果表明,在最佳工艺条件下,采用A3/O3氧化工艺处理采油废水,COD去除率可达到79.40%,比O3、A1/O3和A2/O33种氧化工艺对COD的去除率分别提高了33.00%、14.00%和18.10%,出水COD为118.450 mg.L-1,达到了国家污水综合排放标准的二级排放标准;催化剂对采油废水中的有机物具有一定的吸附作用;pH对反应影响显著,pH越大越有利于COD的去除;COD去除率随反应时间的延长其增幅逐渐减小,最终趋于平衡;HCO3-和CO32-对多相催化臭氧化去除COD的效果具有很大的抑制作用,在HCO3-和CO32-质量浓度为200 mg.L-1时,COD去除率分别为39.89%和27.59%,比HCO3-和CO32-质量浓度为0 mg.L-1时的COD去除率分别降低了39.51%和51.81%,试验还发现,CO32-对自由基的抑制作用强于HCO3-。这在某种程度上证明了多相催化臭氧化对有机物的降解遵循羟基自由基氧化机理。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.