变截面涡旋盘齿面粗糙度的双预测模型

目的精确预测三段基圆变截面涡旋盘齿面粗糙度,确定合理的铣削参数,提高变截面涡旋盘齿面的加工质量。方法首先在正交试验的铣削参数条件下,用XK714数控铣床对毛坯件进行铣削加工,获得三段基圆变截面涡旋盘,用SJ-210表面粗糙度测量仪测量已加工涡旋齿侧面的粗糙度值。然后利用铣削参数和测量的粗糙度值,建立齿面粗糙度的多元回归预测模型和改进的BP神经网络预测模型及双预测模型,并验证该三种模型的精确度。最后对单一因素条件下的粗糙度进行预测、分析。结果经过计算可得,齿面粗糙度的多元回归预测模型的平均误差为1.43%,最大误差为3.09%。改进的BP神经网络预测模型的平均误差为1.33%,最大误差为3.22%。两种模型的预测平均值作为双预测模型时,预测平均误差为0.627%,最大误差为1.51%。结论齿面粗糙度的双预测模型的平均误差明显降低,同时可以避免单一预测模型产生主观预测误差。各铣削因素对粗糙度的影响程度不同,进给量fz吃刀深度ap刀具转速n侧吃刀量ae。随着进给量、吃刀深度、侧吃刀量的增加,齿面粗糙度值增加;随着刀具转速升高,齿面粗糙度值降低。     

Experimental study of surface roughness in slot end milling AL2014-T6

The aim of this work was to analyze the influence of cutting condition and tool geometry on surface roughness when slot end milling AL2014-T6. The parameters considered were the cutting speed, feed, depth of cut, concavity and axial relief angles of the end cutting edge of the end mill. Surface roughness models for both dry cutting and coolant conditions were built using the response surface methodology (RSM) and the experimental results. The results showed that the dry-cut roughness was reduced by applying cutting fluid. The significant factors affecting the dry-cut model were the cutting speed, feed, concavity and axial relief angles; while for the coolant model, they were the feed and concavity angle. Surface roughness generally increases with the increase of feed, concavity and axial relief angles, while concavity angle is more than 2.5°.     

钛合金抛光表面粗糙度与表面形貌研究

为了优化钛合金抛光工艺参数,采用中心复合响应曲面法,建立了抛光表面粗糙度的预测模型;采用方差分析方法,检验了预测模型以及各抛光参数的显著性,分析了各抛光参数对表面粗糙度及表面形貌的影响规律。结果表明:该预测模型可对抛光表面粗糙度进行有效的预测;页轮粒度、页轮线速度和进给速度对表面粗糙度影响极显著;表面粗糙度随页轮粒度、页轮线速度和进给速度的增大而减小;表面形貌整体均匀,存在一定的隆起和沟壑。     

基于响应曲面法的钛合金干式车削工艺参数优化

为了提高钛合金干式车削加工质量,采用响应曲面法对主要车削工艺参数进行了优化,以工件表面粗糙度Ra和刀具磨损量VC作为评价指标,设计了切削速度、背吃刀量和进给量三因素的Box-Behnken实验模型。利用方差和拟合残差概率分布分析三因素的显著性及交互作用,并结合实验检验所建表面粗糙度和刀具磨损二阶响应预测模型的有效性。响应曲面法优化后的最佳工艺参数为:切削速度20 m/min、背吃刀量0.1788 mm、进给量0.1 mm/r,此时得到的表面粗糙度和刀具磨损量为1.031μm和155.6μm,与预测值的误差分别为:9.93%和1.58%。结果表明:基于响应曲面法的钛合金干式车削表面粗糙度和刀具磨损量预测模型准确有效。     

Effect of plastic side flow on surface roughness in micro-turning process

Kinematic roughness-based surface finish prediction is known to often under-predict the measured surface roughness in turning process, especially at small (micron level) feed rates. It has also been observed that the surface roughness in micro-turning decreases with feed, reaches a minimum, and then increases with further reduction in feed. This paper presents a model for predicting the surface roughness in micro-turning of Al5083-H116 alloy that takes into account the effects of plastic side flow, tool geometry, and process parameters. The model combines these effects with more accurate estimation of the average flow stress of Al5083-H116 at micron scale of deformation with the help of a previously reported strain gradient-based finite element model. The surface roughness model is evaluated through a series of micro-turning experiments. The results show that the model can predict the surface roughness in micro-turning quite well. It is shown that the commonly observed discrepancy between the theoretical and measured surface roughness in micro-turning is mainly due to surface roughening caused by plastic side flow. Further, it is shown that the increase in roughness at low feed can be attributed to the increased side flow caused by strain gradient-induced strengthening of the material directly ahead of the tool.     

基于支持向量机的蠕墨铸铁表面粗糙度预测

目的准确预测蠕墨铸铁加工过程中的表面质量,指导加工参数调整,保证加工过程中加工质量的稳定,运用差分进化算法优化的SVM模型(DE-SVM)构建蠕墨铸铁表面粗糙度(Ra)预测模型和加工参数选择方法。方法采用DE-SVM提高支持向量机回归模型的预测精度,建立针对实际加工材料的表面粗糙度预测模型,基于构建的预测模型,挖掘表面粗糙度与加工参数之间的关系,从而获得较优的加工参数。结果结合蠕墨铸铁的铣削加工实验数据,对比DE-SVM与常用优化算法(粒子群优化算法(PSO)和遗传算法(GA))优化的SVM模型,DE-SVM模型获得的MAPE(0.122)和R2(0.9559)值均优于粒子群和遗传算法优化的支持向量模型获得MAPE和R2值。在给定的加工参数范围内,切削速度和进给速度对表面粗糙度的影响较大,且表面粗糙度与切削速度成正比关系,与进给速度成反比,而切削深度对表面粗糙度影响不显著。结论由实验的对比结果可知,采用DE-SVM模型建立的蠕墨铸铁表面粗糙度模型具有更高的预测精度,基于DE-SVM获得的加工参数对表面粗糙度的影响,可有效指导加工参数的选择与调整,对保持蠕墨铸铁优良的加工质量具有较好的指导意义。     

铣削7075铝合金表面粗糙度试验研究

为进一步探究加工参数与7075铝合金表面粗糙度之间的变化关系。开展铣削7075铝合金表面粗糙度试验,基于单因素试验结果分析加工参数与表面粗糙度之间的影响规律,基于含有交互作用的正交试验结果,分析各加工因素最优参数水平,构建表面粗糙度二、三阶响应曲面预测模型。研究表明:表面粗糙度随着切削速度、进给量、切削深度的逐渐增加而增大;表面粗糙度各因素的最优参数水平为A2B1C1;对比分析F值、复相关系数,表面粗糙度三阶响应曲面预测模型优于二阶。确定的最优预测模型为深入研究加工参数与表面粗糙度之间变化关系奠定了理论基础。     

预测数控加工表面粗糙度的解析模型研究

解析模型是基于刀具切削刃包络面形成的原理来研究零件表面形貌的形成.在解析模型的基础上研究球头刀铣削过程的零件表面生成机理、分析影响加工表面粗糙度大小的因素以及表面粗糙度的趋势,进而预测表面粗糙度,有助于数控加工条件的最优化.本文利用计算机图形学算法进行建模,该模型能够仿真已加工表面轮廓的形成和表面形貌的可视化、预测表面粗糙度和评估加工过程参数的合理性.     

面向绿色高表面质量制造的硬态车削工艺多目标参数优化

目的 为了进行硬态车削绿色制造与工艺性能协同优化研究,提出一种同时考虑碳排放量和表面粗糙度的多目标优化方法。方法 首先,通过分析硬态车削过程中切削参数、工件材料、刀具材料等因素对切削功率的影响建立碳排放目标函数,针对工件的表面粗糙度受到切削条件、工件材料、刀具材料等诸多因素的影响,利用正交试验和广义回归神经网络建立轴承硬态车削表面粗糙度目标函数。然后,考虑加工过程中机床特性和硬车实际工况等约束条件,建立以切削参数为优化变量,以碳排放量和表面粗糙度为优化目标的多目标优化模型,引入权重系数将其转化为单目标优化模型。最后,利用遗传算法对优化模型进行优化求解,深入分析切削参数对优化目标的影响。结果 在工厂实际轴承产品硬车试验中验证了优化模型的有效性,结果表明,切削速度为225 m/min、进给量为0.08 mm/r、背吃刀量为0.10 mm时,碳排放量和表面粗糙度的综合优化指标最低。相比优化前,虽然碳排放量上升了13.05%,但表面质量提升了34.44%。结论 研究结果对面向绿色制造的轴承硬车工艺参数优化提供理论方法有重要意义。     

基于改进神经网络算法的螺杆砂带磨削表面粗糙度预测研究

目的 探究工艺参数对螺杆转子砂带磨削表面质量的影响规律.方法 采用工件轴向进给速度为100～300 mm/min、砂带线速度为4.4～13.1 m/s、砂带张紧压力为0.2～0.3 MPa、磨削压力为0.4～0.5 MPa、砂带粒度为120～800目的工艺参数进行螺杆转子砂带磨削正交实验,基于改进的神经网络算法,建立螺...     

基于BP和RBF神经网络的表面质量预测研究

目的 研究RBF和BP神经网络在铣削加工中的作用,实现对铣削加工质量的预测,改善铣削性能。方法 对环形铣刀与常用的球形铣刀进行对比,然后基于MATLAB平台,建立以铣削速度、进给量和铣削深度为输入参数,表面粗糙度为输出参数的RBF神经网络模型。通过大量的试验数据对RBF神经网络模型进行训练,然后再用训练好的RBF神经网络模型预测表面粗糙度,将预测值与实测值进行比较,验证RBF神经网络的预测性能。将训练好的BP神经网络模型与RBF神经网络所建模型的预测结果进行比较。结果 发现用RBF方法预测的表面粗糙度相对误差的绝对值不超过6%,最大误差为0.056 098,平均误差为0.022 277,而BP方法的最大误差为0.074 947,平均误差为0.036 578。结论 环形铣刀加工质量更好。RBF神经网络的预测精度较高,具有比BP神经网络更优的预测能力,且拥有建模时间短、收敛速度高、训练过程稳定以及学习速度快等优点,能有效进行铣削质量预测。     

基于PSO-LSSVM算法的表面粗糙度预测模型与应用

为便于选取合适的切削参数,以满足期望的加工表面质量要求,提出一种最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)和粒子群优化(PSO)相结合的表面粗糙度预测模型。以预测精度和收敛速度为指标,对比PSO-LSSVM模型与支持向量机、人工神经网络和遗传算法优化BP神经网络模型的优劣。结果表明:PSO-LSSVM模型具有较高的预测精度和较快的收敛速度。基于MATLAB GUI搭建了表面粗糙度预测与参数优化应用系统。该系统具有较好的实用性,可实现简单、快速预测表面粗糙度,帮助决策人员灵活选取切削参数。     

Modelling the correlation between cutting and process parameters in high-speed machining of Inconel 718 alloy using an artificial neural network

An artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed for the analysis and prediction of the relationship between cutting and process parameters during high-speed turning of nickel-based, Inconel 718, alloy. The input parameters of the ANN model are the cutting parameters: speed, feed rate, depth of cut, cutting time, and coolant pressure. The output parameters of the model are seven process parameters measured during the machining trials, namely tangential force (cutting force, F_z), axial force (feed force, F_x), spindle motor power consumption, machined surface roughness, average flank wear (VB), maximum flank wear (VB_max) and nose wear (VC). The model consists of a three-layered feedforward backpropagation neural network. The network is trained with pairs of inputs/outputs datasets generated when machining Inconel 718 alloy with triple (TiCN/Al₂O₃/TiN) PVD-coated carbide (K 10) inserts with ISO designation CNMG 120412. A very good performance of the neural network, in terms of agreement with experimental data, was achieved. The model can be used for the analysis and prediction of the complex relationship between cutting conditions and the process parameters in metal-cutting operations and for the optimisation of the cutting process for efficient and economic production.     

基于航空铸造钛合金Ti-6Al-4V高速铣削参数的表面质量及切削效率优化

目的研究高速铣削参数对航空铸造钛合金Ti-6Al-4V表面质量的影响规律及交互作用,并基于高速铣削参数对表面质量和材料去除率进行优化。方法采用Box-Behnken设计和二次回归正交实验法,建立高速铣削参数与表面粗糙度的显著不失拟回归模型,获得铣削参数影响表面粗糙度的显著性差异,挖掘高速铣削参数交互作用与表面粗糙度的关系;基于表面粗糙度回归模型及材料去除率,采用遗传算法(GA),对高速铣削参数进行多目标优化。结果铣削参数影响航空铸造钛合金Ti-6Al-4V试件表面粗糙度的显著性顺序为:切削深度>每齿进给量>切削宽度>主轴转速,其中切削宽度和主轴转速、每齿进给量和主轴转速的交互作用较为明显。利用遗传算法对铣削参数优化后,Ti-6Al-4V表面粗糙度较优化前提高44%,材料去除率提高70%,遗传算法优化后的试件表面粗糙度显著降低,表面刀路行距减小,纹理平均高度降低。结论由实验验证可知,通过响应曲面建立表面粗糙度显著不失拟回归模型具有较高的预测精度,基于遗传算法优化获得的铣削参数可有效提高表面质量和切削效率,对保证航空铸造钛合金Ti-6Al-4V表面质量具有较好的指导意义。     

A genetic algorithmic approach for optimization of surface roughness prediction model

Due to the widespread use of highly automated machine tools in the industry, manufacturing requires reliable models and methods for the prediction of output performance of machining processes. The prediction of optimal machining conditions for good surface finish and dimensional accuracy plays a very important role in process planning. The present work deals with the study and development of a surface roughness prediction model for machining mild steel, using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The experimentation was carried out with TiN-coated tungsten carbide (CNMG) cutting tools, for machining mild steel work-pieces covering a wide range of machining conditions. A second order mathematical model, in terms of machining parameters, was developed for surface roughness prediction using RSM. This model gives the factor effects of the individual process parameters. An attempt has also been made to optimize the surface roughness prediction model using Genetic Algorithms (GA) to optimize the objective function. The GA program gives minimum and maximum values of surface roughness and their respective optimal machining conditions.     

二维超声加工淬硬钢的建模与参数优化

利用正交设计方法研究了硬质合金刀具二维超声加工(UEVC)淬硬钢Cr12Mo V时切削用量的三个因素对加工表面粗糙度和切削力的影响,并利用信噪比、方差及贡献率等方法对各因素间的相互作用进行了分析。以切削参数为独立变量,以切削力和表面粗糙度为响应,利用回归分析建立数学模型。实验结果表明:进给量是对表面粗糙度(Ra、Rz)影响最大的因数,贡献率分别为91.8%和88.8%;其次是切削深度,贡献率分别为3.72%和9.77%;对切削力(Fz)影响最大的二个因素是进给量和切削深度,贡献率分别为56.69%和38.46%;切削速度对表面粗糙度、切削力的贡献率均最小。此外,建立的回归方程对Ra、Rz和Fz均有很高的可决系数,分别为91.8%、94.3%和88.2%,说明所建线性回归模型的准确性。     

Influence of feed, eccentricity and helix angle on topography obtained in side milling processes

Influence of feed, eccentricity and helix angle on surface roughness is presented for side milling operations with cylindrical tools. A model was developed to predict surface topography as well as different roughness parameters. Roughness topography was obtained for one specific tool having grinding errors and eccentricity, for different helix angles.It was found that, as feed increases the number of cutting edge marks on the workpiece’s surface per revolution maintains or increases. As grinding errors and eccentricity increase, the number of cutting edge marks tends to decrease. Regarding helix angle, it was observed that roughness profile does not change along the workpiece’s height if no helix angle is considered. When helix angle is considered and the tool has both high eccentricity and high runout due to grinding errors, roughness heterogeneity bands are observed. The bands’ pattern is repeated along each helix pitch. The higher the helix angle, the narrower the roughness heterogeneity bands become.     

Prediction and control of surface roughness in CNC lathe using artificial neural network

In this study, a neural network approach is presented for the prediction and control of surface roughness in a computer numerically controlled (CNC) lathe. Experiments have been performed on the CNC lathe to obtain the data used for the training and testing of a neural network. The parameters used in the experiment were reduced to three cutting parameters which consisted of depth of cutting, cutting speed, and feed rate. Each of the other parameters such as tool nose radius, tool overhang, approach angle, workpiece length, workpiece diameter and workpiece material was taken as constant. A feed forward multi-layered neural network was developed and the network model was trained using the scaled conjugate gradient algorithm (SCGA), which is a type of back-propagation. The adaptive learning rate was used. Therefore, the learning rate was not selected before training and it was adjusted during training to minimize training time. The number of iterations was 8000 and no smoothing factor was used. R_a, R_z and R_max were modeled and were evaluated individually. One hidden layer was used for all models while the numbers of neurons in the hidden layer of the R_a model were five and the numbers of neurons in the hidden layers of the R_z and R_max models were ten. The results of the neural network approach were compared with actual values. In addition, inasmuch as the control of surface roughness is proposed, a control algorithm was developed in the present investigation. The desired surface roughness was entered into the control system as a reference value and the controller determined the cutting parameters for these surface roughness values. A new surface roughness value was determined by sending the cutting parameters to the observer (ANN block). The obtained surface roughness was fed back to the comparison unit and was compared with the reference value and the difference surface roughness was then sent to the controller. The iteration was continued until the difference was reduced to a certain value of surface roughness which could be permitted for machining accuracy. When the surface roughness reached the permitted value, these cutting parameters were sent to the CNC turning system as input values. In conclusion, both the surface roughness values corresponding to the cutting parameters and suitable cutting parameters for a certain surface roughness can be determined prior to a machining operation using the ANN and control algorithm.     

CuZn30微铣削表面完整性影响规律试验研究

采用直径φ1的硬质合金铣刀对CuZn30合金进行单因素槽铣试验,研究加工表面完整性、顶毛刺和切屑随铣削参数的变化规律。通过试验得到以下结论:切削参数对加工表面完整性影响比较显著,其中表面粗糙度随主轴转速的增大而减小,随每齿进给量增大而增大,切削深度对粗糙度影响不太显著。残余应力随着每齿进给量的增大有明显增大趋势,而主轴转速与切削深度对残余应力的影响不太显著。显微硬度随铣削参数变化没有显著的变化。顶毛刺主要受每齿进给量的影响,毛刺尺寸随着每齿进给量的增加先急速减小后趋于平稳,切屑形态主要受切削深度的影响,随着切削深度的增加,切屑由短小的碎屑逐渐变为平滑的连续卷曲切屑。     

基于神经网络遗传算法的磁粒研磨TC4材料工艺参数优化

目的利用磁粒研磨光整加工技术提高TC4材料的表面质量,使用BP神经网络建立加工工艺参数和表面粗糙度之间的关系,使用遗传算法寻找最优工艺参数组合。方法使用双级雾化快凝法制备的金刚石磁性磨料对TC4材料工件进行L9(34)正交试验,借助Matlab软件建立结构为4-12-1的BP神经网络,根据正交试验结果训练BP神经网络,探究工艺参数主轴转速n、加工间隙δ、进给速率v、磨料粒径D和表面粗糙度Ra之间的关系。使用决定系数R2评判BP神经网络训练结果,基于训练好的BP神经网络使用遗传算法对工艺参数进行全局寻优。使用计算得到的优化工艺参数进行试验,并测量工件表面粗糙度,与计算得到的表面粗糙度做对比。结果BP神经网络的预测误差在1.5%以下,通过决定系数R2优化的模型可在训练样本较少的情况下进行有效可靠的预测。遗传算法优化的结果,在主轴转速为1021.26 r/min、加工间隙为1.52 mm、进给速率为1.04 mm/min、磨料粒径为197.91μm下,获得最佳表面粗糙度,为0.0951μm。使用调整后的工艺参数,在主轴转速为1020 r/min、加工间隙为1.50 mm、进给速率为1.0 mm/min、磨料粒径为196μm下,试验得到的表面粗糙度为0.093μm,与计算得到的最佳表面粗糙度误差为2.21%。结论采用磁粒研磨光整加工技术与寻优参数结合,可以有效提高TC4材料加工后的表面质量。