硬铝合金半连续铸造过程数值模拟及裂纹倾向性研究

对凝固过程中流场、应力场、温度场及微观组织形态进行数值模拟,能帮助工艺设计人员分析不同时刻凝固过程的温度分布、金属流态、结晶晶粒尺寸、应力分布等重要物理参数,从而预测疏松、偏析、夹杂及热裂纹等缺陷.在结晶器下方设置区域冷却装置,控制区域冷却装置刮水板的作用位置,能够阻挡冷却水沿铸锭下流,实现区域冷却的效果.通过研究温度场、应力场分布规律,分析铸锭裂纹产生的原理,能够从宏观上阐明铸锭内部裂纹的形成原因及寻找有效的调节控制方法.     

大型铸钢件铸造过程的Procast应力场模拟研究

通过对二重上板梁的凝固过程模拟来具体阐述了如何应用Procast有限元模拟软件对大型铸钢件的铸造成形过程进行应力场的有限元模拟分析,并根据模拟结果分析了上板梁在凝固冷却后各部位有效应力的分布状况以及上板梁最终的变形趋势。模拟结果与实际生产情况较为吻合。     

Q235小方坯连铸过程中凝固特性的研究

分析了Q235凝固时的结晶特性,柱状晶容易生长.数值计算了小方坯连铸机在2.6 m/min拉速、不同二冷配水下铸坯的温度场和凝固前沿温度梯度.在弱水冷却时,铸坯坯壳凝固前沿温度梯度比较小,得到细小的柱状晶和少量等轴晶.连铸坯中间裂纹主要与二冷水相关,合适的二冷配水可降低或消除中间裂纹.     

超宽板坯包晶钢连铸初生坯壳应力的数值模拟

利用商业软件计算了超宽包晶钢连铸过程中初生坯壳所受应力.研究结果表明,由于包晶反应引起的体积收缩,包晶成分钢种的凝固坯壳表面应力显著大于非包晶钢成分钢种,在距铸坯中心约200～400 mm处应力出现极大值;随板坯宽度的增加,坯壳表面应力增大,应力极值点向坯壳中心方向移动;连铸工艺参数直接影响包晶钢表面应力大小,随过热度减小,拉速增加,结晶器冷却强度减弱,坯壳表面应力减小,铸坯表面裂纹发生概率降低.在本研究条件下,对断面为3 200 mm×150 mm的铸坯,适宜的过热度为15～25℃,拉速为1.2 m/min,结晶器宽面冷却强度为5 500 L/min.     

马钢S650MC结构钢边部裂纹控制实践研究

通过对结构钢S650MC连铸坯缓冷工艺产生的边部裂纹问题进行分析,表明部分铸坯在堆垛缓冷过程中,由于铸坯边部冷却过快,产生细小裂纹,在加热过程进一步扩展;同时,针对边部裂纹的改善,进行了热装工艺与堆垛缓冷工艺的对比试验,试验结果显示,S650MC铸坯采用在450℃以上热装工艺入炉加热,连铸坯表面裂纹缺陷得到明显改善,连铸坯的烧损降低,提高了成材率,成品卷板的组织、性能指标均满足设计要求。     

直接冷却半连续铸造铝合金圆锭水冷边界试验研究

通过试验方法测定直接冷却半连续铸造铝合金圆锭凝固过程的温度变化曲线,利用逆向法计算出铸锭表面换热系数,并进行理论分析.研究表明,水冷换热系数与铸锭表面温度的关系曲线可作为直接冷却半连续铸造过程数值模拟的水冷边界条件.     

连铸板坯二冷区的应力分析

以某钢厂二号板坯连铸机结晶器至二冷区的35钢连铸坯为研究对象,采用有限元软件MSC.MARC建立沿拉坯方向上铸坯的二维纵断面弹塑性应力模型,对连铸坯的连铸过程进行数值模拟,研究不同拉速下铸坯表面应力和裂纹指数的变化规律。仿真结果表明,铸坯表面应力和裂纹指数随着拉坯速度的提升而增大,连铸坯的拉速控制在1.2m/min以内时,表面裂纹可得到较好的控制。     

沟槽内壁结晶器坯壳初期凝固过程模拟研究

以锡液水冷铜板浸渍实验模拟钢连铸过程,研究结晶器内壁划分沟槽对坯壳初期凝固过程的影响,结果表明,沟槽内壁结晶器可改善铸坯传热效果和初期凝固坯壳不均匀程度,减少铸坯表面纵裂纹的产生。     

CSP工艺Q235 B热轧带钢边部裂纹成因分析

为减少采用CSP工艺生产的Q235B热轧带钢边部裂纹缺陷,分别在Q235 B连铸坯和热轧带钢裂纹处进行取样,通过宏观形貌、金相组织、扫描电镜及能谱分析等方法,研究铸坯角部横裂纹与热轧带钢边部裂纹的演变规律和形态变化. 结果表明,结晶器卷渣、冷却不均匀是产生连铸坯角部裂纹的主要原因;第2道次过渡带钢的金相组织中出现混晶现象,裂纹边上存在脱碳现象;热轧带钢边部裂纹主要源自于铸坯裂纹,并在轧制过程中得到扩展. 根据连铸工艺参数,对边部裂纹缺陷率与液渣层厚度、保护渣消耗量、结晶器振动参数、中间包过热度、结晶器传热参数以及铸坯宽度的关系进行统计分析,并提出相应的边部裂纹控制工艺措施.     

方坯连铸凝固传热数值模拟及二冷动态控制

二冷是影响连铸机生产和铸坯质量的重要因素,针对连铸二冷区的均匀冷却问题,建立了方坯连铸机数学模型,其中包括铸坯凝固传热模型和二冷配水控制模型．采用二维有限元差分法求解凝固传热模型,分析了铸流在二冷区的凝固过程中温度场分布和凝固坯壳厚度,为建立二冷控制模型提供了依据和输入数据．建立了基于中间包钢水连续测温和有效拉速实现二冷动态前馈控制模型。该控制模型成功应用于实际铸机的二冷配水,应用结果表明：二冷动态控制模型具有比传统二冷配水控制模型更好的控制效果,铸坯质量有了明显提高．     

Heat-transfer model on the improvement of continuous casting slab temperature

A heat transfer model on the solidification process has been established on the basis of the technical conditions of the slab caster in No.3 steel works of Wuhan Iron & Steel Corporation, and the temperature field in the solidifying slab was calculated which was verified by the measured slab surface temperature. The influences of the main operating factors including casting speed, spray cooling patterns, superheat of melt and slab size on the solidification process were analyzed and the means of enhancing the slab temperature was brought forward. Raising the casting speed to 1.3 m/min, controlling the flowrate of secondary cooling water and improving the cooling pattern at the lower segments of secondary cooling zone could improve the slab temperature effectively. And the increasing the superheat is adverse to the production of high temperature slab.     

影响亚包晶钢铸坯表面纵裂纹的因素研究

采用金相、扫描电镜、连续测温等方法对亚包晶钢铸坯表面纵裂纹产生原因进行了系统研究,研究结果表明:当钢水过热度35℃和15℃浇铸时,铸坯表面纵裂纹发生率明显提高;随着拉速的增加铸坯纵裂纹发生率呈上升趋势;在同一拉速条件下,铸坯内弧比外弧更易于生成凹陷和裂纹;结晶器铜板热流密度不均是铸坯纵裂纹产生的主要原因,并在二冷区进一步扩展。     

济钢中厚板板坯裂纹成因及解决措施

通过对济钢降低中厚板板坯裂纹率攻关实践，对一号铸机厚板线钢板生产中出现的表面裂纹问题进行了跟踪调查、统计、分析，并对裂纹成因和改善措施进行了综述，采取合理控制各工序生产技术指标、浇注过程全程保护、优化结晶器及连铸工艺参数等技术改进后，中厚板板坯裂纹显著降低，2011年上半年至下半年平均裂纹率由1．392％降低至0．877％，年效益增加约324万元．     

Q345D板坯连铸凝固传热过程数值模拟

基于凝固传热学理论,以300 mm厚Q345D板坯连铸过程为研究对象,建立了板坯二维凝固传热数学模型。利用等效比热法对凝固潜热进行处理,分析了拉速、过热度、二冷区喷水量以及二冷区长度变化对出结晶器坯壳厚度、铸坯表面温度等凝固参数的影响。结果表明,适当提高拉速、降低过热度和增加二冷段长度,可以促进连铸坯凝固,降低板坯缺陷,提高生产效率。     

Simulation of inside-grooved mould improving heat transfer of original shell of casting slab

The dipping experiment was carried out by putting the water-cooled copper plate into the stannum-lead alloy to simulate the process of initial solidification of steel, and the result that the heat transfer of original shell improved by grooving on the surface of the water-cooled copper plate was investigated. A mathematical model of heat transfer was set up and the temperature field of casting slab 1000 mm×200 mm was calculated. The experimentation and simulation results indicate that the inside-grooved mould could improve the heat transfer of original shell, decrease the non-uniformity of original shell thickness and reduce the longitudinal surface cracks of casting slab.     

Generalized constructal optimization for the secondary cooling process of slab continuous casting based on entransy theory

Based on constructal theory and entransy theory,a generalized constructal optimization of a solidification heat transfer process of slab continuous casting for a specified total water flow rate in the secondary cooling zone was carried out.A complex function was taken as the optimization objective to perform the casting.The complex function was composed of the functions of the entransy dissipation and surface temperature gradient of the slab.The optimal water distribution at the sections of the secondary cooling zone were obtained.The effects of the total water flow rate in the secondary cooling zone,casting speed,superheat and water distribution on the generalized constructal optimizations of the secondary cooling process were analyzed.The results show that on comparing the optimization results obtained based on the optimal water distributions of the 8 sections in the secondary cooling zone with those based on the initial ones,the complex function and the functions of the entransy dissipation and surface temperature gradient after optimization decreased by 43.25%,5.90%and 80.60%,respectively.The quality and energy storage of the slab had obviously improved in this case.The complex function,composed of the functions of the entransy dissipation and surface temperature gradient of the slab,was a compromise between the internal and surface temperature gradients of the slab.Essentially,it is also the compromise between energy storage and quality of the slab.The"generalized constructal optimization"based on the minimum complex function can provide an optimal alternative scheme from the point of view of improving energy storage and quality for the parameter design and dynamic operation of the solidification heat transfer process of slab continuous casting.