锂离子电池负极材料Li4-xMgxTi5O12的制备及性能研究

研究了锂离子负极材料掺镁尖晶石Li4-xMgxTi5O12(0≤x≤0.25)的合成、结构及电化学性能.XRD结构分析显示Mg2 进入晶格后可能占据正四面体(8a)和正八面体(16d)位置;掺镁后电导率有所提高,特别是Li3.75Mg0.25Ti5O12(x=0.25),其电化学反应阻抗显著降低,电导率提高了半个数量级;同时降低了面积比阻抗(ASI),改善了材料倍率性能.     

Ultralong-life and high-rate web-like Li4Ti5O12 anode for high-performance flexible lithium-ion batteries

Flexible lithium ion batteries （LIBs） have recently attracted increasing attention as they show unique promising advantages, such as flexibility, shape diversity, and light weight. Similar to conventional LIBs, flexible LIBs with long cycle life and high-rate performance are very important for applications of high performance flexible electronics. Herein, we report a three-dimensional （3D） web-like binderfree Li4Ti5O12 （LTO） anode assembled from numerous 1D nanowires exhibiting excellent cycling performance with high capacities of 153 and 115 mA·h·g^-1 after 5,000 cycles at 2 C and 20 C, respectively, and excellent rate property with a capacity of 103 mA·h·g^-1 even at a very high current rate of 80 C. Surprisingly, a flexible full battery assembled from the web-like LTO nanostructure and LiMn2O4 （LMO） nanorods exhibited a high capacity of 125 mA·h·g^-1 at high current rate of 20 C, and showed excellent flexibility with little performance degradation even in seriously bent states.     

Li4Ti5O12/Li3SbO4/C composite anode for high rate lithium-ion batteries

Nanocrystalline Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/Li₃SbO₄/C composite-prepared by mechanical ball-milling of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (synthesized by aqueous combustion), Li₃SbO₄ (synthesized by solid state method) and activated carbon, has been investigated as anode in lithium-ion coin cells and compared to pristine Li₄Ti₅O₁₂. Galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements in the potential window of 0.05–2.0 V show three plateau regions corresponding to Li insertion/extraction in the composite: a large flat plateau at ~ 1.52/1.59 V, followed by a second plateau at ~ 0.75/1.1 V and a sloppy tail at ~ 0.4/0.6 V. While the plateaus at ~ 0.4/0.6 V and ~ 1.52/1.59 V correspond to Li₄Ti₅O₁₂, the other one at ~ 0.75/1.1 V corresponds to Li₃SbO₄. At a high rate of ~ 15 C, the capacity for Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/Li₃SbO₄/C composite is found to be 105 mAhg^?1 retaining ~ 78% of its initial capacity compared to only 58 mAhg^?1 (~ 27% of the initial capacity) at 14 C for pristine Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ up to 100 cycles. Thus, such composite material might find application in lithium-ion batteries requiring high rate of charge and discharge.     

锂离子电池负极材料Li4Ti5O12的合成及电化学性能

采用高温固相反应法制备尖晶石相Li4Ti5O12负极材料.初步研究了反应温度和反应时间对Li4Ti5O12电化学性能的影响.XRD衍射未观测到TiO2残余存在;电化学测试显示,1.2～2.5V恒流充放电,其可逆容量达158.3mAh/g,首次库仑效率为95.2%;循环20周其容量衰减率仅为3.1%.     

锂离子电池负极材料Li4Ti5O12的结构和性能

合成了锂离子电池负极材料钛酸锂(Li4TisO12),并将结构单一、组成较纯的钛酸锂负极材料组装成电池,研究了合成温度对钛酸锂结构及物种的影响.结果表明,合成温度低于650℃时生成两种结构的TiO2,严重影响了钛酸锂的结构,合成温度高于650℃时TiO2逐渐消失,在800℃保温24 h之后得到单相Li4Ti5O12,电化学性能良好.     

Polygonal multi-polymorphed Li4Ti5O12@rutile TiO2 as anodes in lithium-ion batteries

Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO) has attracted considerable attention in lithium-ion battery (LIB) applications because of its favorable characteristics as an anode material. Despite its promise, the widespread use of LTO is still limited primarily due to its intrinsically poor electric and ionic conductivities and high surface reactivity. To address these issues, we designed polygonal nanoarchitectures composed of various Li–Ti oxide crystal polymorphs by a facile synthesis route. Depending on the pH condition, this synthesis approach yields multi-polymorphed Li–Ti oxides where the interior is dominantly composed of a Li-rich phase and the exterior is a Li-deficient (or Li-free) phase. As one of these variations, a polygonal LTO-rutile TiO₂ structure is formed. The rutile TiO₂ on the surface of this LTO composite significantly improves the kinetics of Li⁺ insertion/extraction because the channel along the c-axis in TiO₂ provides a Li⁺ highway due to the significantly low energy barrier for Li⁺ diffusion. Moreover, the presence of rutile TiO₂, which is less reactive with a carbonate-based electrolyte, ensures long-term stability by suppressing the undesirable interfacial reaction on LTO.

     

水热法制备花状纳米片簇Li4Ti5O12及其储锂性能

以氢氧化锂和钛酸四丁酯为原料,采用水热法制备出花状纳米片簇Li4Ti5O12粉体,研究了不同原料配比对产物晶体结构的影响。采用XRD、SEM对Li4Ti5O12的晶体结构和形貌进行了分析,结果表明所得产物是由Li4Ti5O12纳米片层组成的花状微球,所得晶体为尖晶石型结构。恒电流充放电实验表明,Li4Ti5O12在充放电倍率为0.1、1和2C下首次放电比容量分别为160、141和128mAh/g。     

Li4Ti5O12合成及电化学性质研究

报道一种合成Li4Ti5O12的新颖方法。XRD结果表明该方法合成的Li4Ti5O12化合物为尖晶石结构。用扫描透射显微镜对该化合物的粒径和形貌进行了分析．并对Li4Ti5O12的电化学性能进行测试。结果表明，通过该法合成的尖晶石材料在3．2-0．8V电压范围，采用一定电流密度下进行充放电，具有较高的放电容量（235mAh／g）和较好的循环性能。该法合成的具有良好电化学性能的Li4Ti5O12,使得其成为很有潜力的锂离子电池负极材料。     

复合熔盐法合成Li4Ti5O12及其电化学性能研究

采用LiOH-LiNO3复合熔盐合成锂离子电池负极材料尖晶石结构Li4Ti5O12,应用XRD、SEM、CV以及恒流充放电测试等手段对所合成材料进行了结构表征和性能测试.结果表明,当反应物中n(Li):n(Ti)=4时合成的样品为纯的尖晶石相Li4Ti5O12,合成所需时间短、熔盐比例低.以电流密度15mA/g进行恒流充放电测试,其首次放电比容量为164.4mAh/g,电压平台宽,平台电压为1.55V.循环15周后放电比容量为156.7mAh/g,容量保持率为95.3%,循环性能优良.     

纳米级Li4Ti5O12负极材料的制备及其输运特性

以酞酸丁酯和乙酸锂为前驱体,通过溶胶凝胶法成功制备了纳米钛酸锂Li_4Ti_5O₁₂(LTO)负极材料。采用X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)分别对材料的物相与形貌进行了表征分析,并研究了煅烧条件和包覆改性对LTO输运特性的影响。研究表明,煅烧温度为800℃,时间为10 h条件下制备的样品的输运特性最佳,离子电导率为8.8×10^-8 S/cm,电子电导率为8.53×10^-10 S/cm。均匀的碳包覆层可以有效地改善样品的输运特性,LTO/C复合活性材料的离子与电子电导率分别达到4.35×10^-7 S/cm和9.63×10^-8 S/cm。电化学性能测试表明,碳包覆后的活性材料在0.1 C倍率下首次放电容量可达172.4 mAh/g;在5 C高倍率下循环充放电50次后,容量保持率可达94.4%,表现出较好的电化学性能。     

Optimized Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles by solvothermal route for Li-ion batteries

Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by solvothermal technique using cost-effective precursors in polyol medium and post-annealed at temperatures of 400, 500, and 600 degrees C. The XRD patterns of the samples were clearly indexed to the spinel shaped Li4Ti5O12 (space group, Fd-3 m). The particle size and morphology of samples were identified using field-emission SEM. The electrochemical performance of solvothermal samples revealed fairly high initial discharge/charge specific capacities in the range 230-235 and 170-190 mAh/g, at 1 C-rate, while that registered for the solid-state sample has been 160 and 150 mAh/g, respectively. Furthermore, among these samples, LTO annealed at 500 degrees C exhibited highly improved rate performances at C-rates as high as 30 and 60 C. This was attributed to the achievement of small particle sizes with high crystallinity in nano-scale dimensions and hence shorter diffusion paths combined with larger contact area at the electrode/electrolyte interface.     

Li4Ti5O12-聚苯胺复合材料的制备与电化学性能

以醋酸锂和钛酸四丁酯为原料，以乙醇为溶剂，采用溶胶．凝胶法制备Li4Ti5O12；以苯胺、过硫酸铵为原料，以盐酸为溶剂，采用原位聚合法合成Li4Ti5O12-聚苯胺复合材料。采用x射线衍射、红外光谱和电化学测试等对复合材料进行了表征。结果表明，聚苯胺的加入明显提高了Li4Ti5O12的电子导电性能，Li4rri5O12-PAn复合材料具有比Li4Ti5O12更好的高倍率性能和循环稳定性。0.1C和2.0C放电时Li4Ti5O12-PAn的放电容量达到了191．3和148．9mAh．g^-1，经80次循环后二者平均每次循环容量衰减率分别为0．13％和0．61％。     

Zn~(2+)掺杂对Li_4Ti_5O_(12)的电化学性能和振实密度的影响

采用固相法合成了掺杂Zn2+的锂离子电池负极材料Li4-2xZn3xTi5-xO12(0≤3x≤0.2)。对材料进行了SEM、XRD、激光粒度分析、振实密度、循环伏安测试及恒电流充放电测试。Zn2+的掺杂未改变材料的晶体结构,但使材料的振实密度有了明显提高,达到了1.56g/cm3。实验结果表明,Zn2+的掺杂改善了Li4Ti5O12的电化学性能,降低了电极的极化,提高了Li4Ti5O12的循环稳定性;当各元素摩尔比为n(Li)∶n(Zn)∶n(Ti)=3.933∶0.100∶4.967时,材料的电化学性能较优,1C首次放电比容量可达到151mAh/g,经过60次循环后,放电容量保持在138mAh/g。     

Controlled Ag-driven superior rate-capability of Li4Ti5O12 anodes for lithium rechargeable batteries

The morphology and electronic structure of a Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ anode are known to determine its electrical and electrochemical properties in lithium rechargeable batteries. Ag-Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ nanofibers have been rationally designed and synthesized by an electrospinning technique to meet the requirements of one-dimensional (1D) morphology and superior electrical conductivity. Herein, we have found that the 1D Ag-Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ nanofibers show enhanced specific capacity, rate capability, and cycling stability compared to bare Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ nanofibers, due to the Ag nanoparticles (<5 nm), which are mainly distributed at interfaces between Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ primary particles. This structural morphology gives rise to 20% higher rate capability than bare Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ nanofibers by facilitating the charge transfer kinetics. Our findings provide an effective way to improve the electrochemical performance of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ anodes for lithium rechargeable batteries.      

A low temperature synthesis of nanocrystalline spinel NiFe2O4 and its electrochemical performance as anode of lithium-ion batteries

Nanocrystalline spinel NiFe₂O₄ was synthesized by a novel low temperature route. The crystal structure, composition and morphology of the as-prepared powder were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The average diameter of the particles prepared at 700 °C is about 30 nm. The electrochemical reaction mechanism and charge–discharge mechanism of the nanocrystalline NiFe₂O₄ were proposed based on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and cyclic voltammogram study. The charge–discharge tests indicated that the sample calcined at 700 °C shows the highest initial discharge capacity (1400 mAh g⁻¹) attributed to the nanometer size and the better crystallinity of the powder. A discharge capacity stabilizes at about 600 mAh g⁻¹ after 10 cycles. The columbic efficiency is improved. The synthesis method is relatively low cost and convenient for large-scale production.     

锂电池负极材料氧化锡多孔疏松纳米球的制备、表征及电化学性能研究

在不使用模板和表面活性剂的前提下,利用水热法成功制备出了具有多孔疏松结构的SnO2纳米球,该球体是由无数个小的纳米颗粒组装而成的。运用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和选区电子衍射(SAED)等对所得产物的晶体结构和形貌进行了表征,同时也对其作为锂离子电池负极的电化学性能进行了系统的研究。     

Studies on the preparation and electrochemical performance of PSi@Poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) composites as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Journal of Materials Science - Porous silicon (PSi) has become one of the current hotspots in lithium-ion anode materials research. However, due to their large volume change in the charge and...