Fabrication and properties of spray-dried nanofeatured spherical Ni(OH)2 materials

Spherical agglomerates of nanostructured beta-phase Ni(OH)2 with the general formula Ni1-xCox(OH)2 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3) for use as cathode materials were produced by a modified method including coprecipitation of Ni or Ni composite hydroxide and further spray drying of the precipitated and washed slurry. This process leads to the formation of spherical agglomerate particles with a narrow Gaussian-type distribution range. The method permits faster and cheaper production of cathode materials with a higher specific surface area and similar or better capacity and cycle life compared with the materials prepared via conventional technology.     

Ni (OH)2-碳纳米管-还原氧化石墨烯复合材料的制备及电化学性能

利用简单易行的一步水热法制备了Ni（OH）₂-碳纳米管-还原氧化石墨烯（Ni（OH）₂-CNTs-RGO）三元复合材料,研究了不同水热反应温度对三元复合材料性能的影响。采用XRD、FTIR、Raman、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、SEM及TEM对Ni（OH）₂-CNTs-RGO复合材料的结构和表面微观形貌进行表征。利用循环伏安（CV）、电化学交流阻抗（EIS）和恒电流充放电测试了复合电极材料的电化学性能。研究结果表明,当反应温度为120℃时,所制备的Ni（OH）₂-CNTs-RGO复合材料具有大的比表面积和三维网状结构,复合材料中六角形的β-Ni（OH）₂纳米片和CNTs均匀分散在RGO片层表面,有效阻止了RGO的团聚。Ni（OH）₂-CNTs-RGO复合电极材料在充电倍率为0.2 C时,放电比容量达到362.8 mAh/g,5 C时放电比容量为286.2 mAh/g,仍大于Ni（OH）₂在0.2 C时的放电比容量,表明CNTs与RGO的协同作用有效提高了电极材料的导电性和活性物质的利用率,最终提升了Ni（OH）₂-CNTs-RGO复合材料的倍率性能。     

阴离子（NO3－／Cl －／SO2－4）对 Ni（OH）2晶型及其结构稳定性的影响

采用超声波辅助沉淀法分别在单元掺杂、二元掺杂和不掺杂三种情况下制备了三种不同镍源的纳米氢氧化镍,研究三种阴离子（NO3－,Cl－,SO2－4）对产物晶相结构及稳定性的影响。结果表明：未掺杂时,半径较大的SO2－4离子有利于α‐Ni（OH）2的形成;在单掺杂Co（Ni2＋∶Co2＋＝1∶0．20）时,NO3－离子不仅有利于α‐Ni（OH）2的形成,而且可以使α‐Ni（OH）2在碱液中保持较高的稳定性;当复合掺杂Co／Cu（Ni2＋∶Co2＋∶Cu2＋＝1∶0．15∶0．05）时,三种镍源制得的样品均为纯α‐Ni（OH）2结构,但以Ni（NO3）2为镍源的α‐Ni（OH）2在碱液中结构稳定性较高,NiCl2次之,NiSO4较差。可见,α‐Ni（OH）2结构及稳定性既与掺杂情况有关,也与阴离子密切相关。     

NiaSi2O5（OH）4 Multi-Walled Nanotubes with Tunable Magnetic Properties and Their Application as Anode Materials for Lithium Batteries

Highly crystalline and thermally stable pure multi-walled Ni₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄ nanotubes with a layered structure have been synthesized in water at a relatively low temperature of 200–210 °C using a facile and simple method. The nickel ions between the layers could be reduced in situ to form size-tunable Ni nanocrystals, which endowed these nanotubes with tunable magnetic properties. Additionally, when used as the anode material in a lithium ion battery, the layered structure of the Ni₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄ nanotubes provided favorable transport kinetics for lithium ions and the discharge capacity reached 226.7 mA·h·g⁻¹ after 21 cycles at a rate of 20 mA·g⁻¹. Furthermore, after the nanotubes were calcined (600 °C, 4 h) or reduced (180 °C, 10 h), the corresponding discharge capacities increased to 277.2 mA·h·g⁻¹ and 308.5 mA·h·g⁻¹, respectively.      

Fabrication of flower-like ZnO microstructures from ZnO nanorods and their photoluminescence properties

In the present work, we reported a novel method for the synthesis of well-dispersed flower-like ZnO microstructures derived from highly regulated, well-dispersed ZnO nanorods by using low temperature (100 °C) hydrothermal process and without using any additional surfactant, organic solvents or catalytic agent. The phase and structural analysis were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) which confirms the high crystal quality of ZnO with hexagonal (wurtzite-type) crystal structure. The morphological and structural analyses were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) which indicate the formation of well-dispersed ZnO nanorods as well as flower-like ZnO. It has been shown that flower-like ZnO is made up of dozen of ZnO nanorods building block units. The high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and their corresponding selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern show that both ZnO nanorods and flower-like ZnO microstructures are single crystalline in nature and preferentially grow along [0 0 0 1] direction. Their optical property was characterized by photoluminescence spectroscopy; shows ZnO nanorods have only violet emission and no other emission while flower-like ZnO microstructures have a weak violet emission and a strong visible emission. A plausible growth mechanism of ZnO nanorods as well as flower-like ZnO microstructures has been given.     

Amorphous Ni(OH)2 Nanoboxes: Fast Fabrication and Enhanced Sensing for Glucose

Inspired by Pearson's hard and soft acid‐base (HSAB) principle, uniform amorphous Ni(OH)₂ nanoboxes with intact shell structures and various sizes are quickly fabricated by deliberately selecting S₂O₃^2? as the coordinating etchant toward Cu₂O templates and optimizing the reaction conditions. It is found that not only the solvent system but also the employing of a surfactant is vital for the fabrication of the nanoboxes. Ni(OH)₂ nanoboxes, as an example, demonstrate an improved electrochemical sensing ability for glucose, which might be due to their amorphous and hollow structural features.     

原位生长法制备花瓣状氢氧化钴及其电化学性能

以硝酸钴为钴源,六次甲基四胺为沉淀剂,通过水热法在棉花基碳纤维基底上原位生长氢氧化钴。借助扫描电镜、X射线衍射和红外光谱等对材料的形貌和结构进行表征。采用循环伏安、恒电流充放电及交流阻抗等对材料的电化学性能进行研究。X射线衍射和扫描电镜测试结果表明,在碳纤维基底上原位生长的氢氧化钴呈花瓣状、α型。电化学性能测试表明,当电流密度为1 A/g时,所得花瓣状氢氧化钴的比电容为650 F/g;当电流密度增大至10 A/g时,仍保留67%的初始比电容值。以上结果表明,在碳纤维基底上原位生长形成的花瓣状氢氧化钴具有优异的电化学性能,原因在于碳纤维基底原位生长有助于提高氢氧化钴的分散性,形成纳米片状花瓣结构,进而显著改善其储能性能。     

Mn掺杂花状ZnO的合成及其光催化特性研究

采用液相沉积法,在室温条件下制备了不同Mn掺杂浓度(0,0.25%,0.5%和1.0%(摩尔分数))的花状ZnO微结构。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对制备的花状ZnO微结构的物相及形貌进行表征。以甲基橙溶液作为光催化反应模型污染物,对不同浓度的Mn掺杂花状ZnO微结构的光催化性能进行了研究。实验结果表明,Mn在ZnO材料中以两种形态存在,即进入晶格以Mn2+形式替代Zn2+和以Mn3O4形式附着在ZnO材料表面。且Mn掺杂提高了花状ZnO微球结构的光催化活性,当掺杂浓度为0.25%(摩尔分数)时光催化性能最优,紫外光照2.0h后,对甲基橙的光催化降解率可达88.7%。     

还原剂对Ni(OH)_2/还原氧化石墨烯复合材料结构及电化学性能的影响

为研究还原剂对Ni(OH)_2/还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)复合材料结构及电化学性能的影响,首先以氧化石墨烯(GO)和硝酸镍作前驱体,采用水热法制备了Ni(OH)_2/RGO复合材料;然后,利用XRD、SEM和Raman光谱仪表征了复合材料的结构和形貌,并采用循环伏安法、恒流充放电曲线和电化学阻抗谱研究了复合材料的电化学性能。结果表明:以(NH2)2CSO2作还原剂时,制备的β-Ni(OH)_2/RGO复合材料为RGO纳米片与Ni(OH)_2纳米片相互插层的结构;在电解液(6mol/L KOH溶液)中,0.2C放电倍率时β-Ni(OH)_2/RGO复合材料的比容量高达341.0mAh/g,10.0C放电倍率为时复合材料的比容量为242.2mAh/g,仍能保持β-Ni(OH)_2理论比容量的83.8%。所得结论表明制备的Ni(OH)_2/RGO复合材料显现出良好的电化学性能。     

Fabrication of Cd(3)As(2) nanowires by direct vapor-solid growth, and their infrared absorption properties

In this work the authors introduce and provide details of the synthesis and spectral characterization of single-crystal nanowires in less common, high performance, group II-V semiconductors such as Cd(3)As(2). The growth mechanism critically deviates from a known vapor-liquid-solid one by being completely non-catalytic and involving only two states: vapor and solid. The resultant nanowires range from ～50 to 200?nm in diameter and reach lengths up to tens of micrometers, with their fast growth direction being normal to the (112) crystal planes. According to infrared (IR) optical absorption measurements, the nanowires have several IR active direct type light absorption transitions at 0.11, 0.28 and 0.54 eV, suggestive of their possible utility in low cost optoelectronic devices and photodetectors operating in the long wavelength range of the electromagnetic spectrum.     

Electroreduction of H2O2 by Co3O4 and NiCo2O4 nanowires and beta-Ni(OH)2 nanoplates grown on Ni foam

Nanowires (Co3O4 and NiCo2O4) and nanoplates (beta-Ni(OH)2) grown on Ni foam are successfully prepared by a template-free method and used as cathode electrodes for the electroreduction of H2O2, in an alkaline medium. Catalytic performance is investigated via cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The Co3O4 and NiCo2O4 nanowire electrodes exhibit much better catalytic activity, stability, and mass transfer properties for H2O2 electroreduction than pressed Co3O4 and NiCo2O4 nanoparticle/carbon/PTFE electrodes. A current density of 101.8 mA cm(-2) and 122.7 mA cm(-2) are respectively achieved on Co3O4 and NiCo2O4 nanowire electrodes at -0.4 V in 0.4 mol/L H2O2, and 3.0 mol/L NaOH solution at room temperature.     

In situ growth of Ni(OH)2-porous nitrogen-doped graphene composite onto Ni foam support as advanced electrochemical supercapacitors materials

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - High-surface-area Ni(OH)2-porous nitrogen-doped graphene (Ni(OH)2@p-NG) composite was electro-synthesized via a facile...     

纳米LiCo_xMn_(2-x)O_4粉体的制备与电化学性能

采用溶胶一凝胶法并结合热处理工艺制备LiCoxMn2-xO4粉体,结合热处理工艺制备Li-LiCoxMn2-xO4粉体.利用热重一差热分析、X射线衍射、透射电镜、充放电测试等方法对前驱体的热分解行为、粉体的结构、形貌及电化学性质进行了表征,同时研究了钴掺杂量对其结构和电化学性能的影响.结果表明,直接以聚丙烯酸(PAA)为螯合剂合成了稳定的溶胶和凝胶,进一步获得了粒径分布均匀、无团聚的尖晶石LiCoxMn2-xO4纳米粉体.随着钴掺杂量的增加,晶格常数、晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,晶格畸变逐渐增大,但对尖晶石结构影响较小;LiCoxMn2-xO4粉体的放电比容量随着x值增大略有降低,但循环性能得到明显的改善.在电流密度0.1mA/cm2、截止电压3.5～4.3V时,粒径约80hm的LiCo0.1Mn1.9O4粉体首次放电比容量达135mAh/g,20次循环后的稳定放电比容量为118mAh/g,且每次容量衰减低于0.2%,具有较好的电化学性能.     

Dielectric properties of K2Zn2(SO4)3 and (NH4)2 Mg2(SO4)3

Dielectric constant (ɛ), dielectric loss (tan δ) and conductivity (σ) for K₂Zn₂(SO₄)₃ and (NH₄)₂ Mg₂(SO₄)₃ have been measured over the frequency range 100 Hz — 100 kHz and in temperature range 30°C — 400°C. The values of static dielectric constant at room temperature are 7.67 and 4.80 for K₂Zn₂(SO₄)₃ and (NH₄)₂ Mg₂(SO₄)₃ respectively. The plots of log σ against reciprocal temperature at different frequencies of these samples merge into a straight line beyond 250°C and the activation energies calculated in this region are found to be 0.67 eV and 1.98 eV for K₂Zn₂(SO₄)₃ and (NH₄)₂ Mg₂(SO₄)₃ respectively.     

花状Co3O4-NiO复合材料的水热合成及电化学性能

采用免模板水热法和500℃下的热处理过程制备了Co3O4-NiO复合材料.通过TG-DSC、XRD和SEM对复合材料的物相结构和形貌进行了表征,结果表明:复合材料中Co3O4和NiO的晶型分别为立方相和菱形结构,而且还具有特殊的花状结构.采用循环伏安、恒流充放电以及交流阻抗法测试了复合材料在6mol·L-1的KOH电解液中的电化学性能,结果表明:水热法制备的Co3O4-NiO复合材料具有很好的赝电容储能特性,比电容可达362.5F·g-1.     

The magnetic properties of ultrafine particles of Ni(OH)2

Ultrafine particles of Ni(OH)₂ were prepared by precipitation from aqueous solution. The susceptibility of the ultrafine particles shows a distinctive maximum at temperature which is rather lower than T_N of the large particles. Using the c-axis oriented ultrafine particles prepared by the sedimentation method, the magnetic susceptibility and the magnetization curve perpendicular and parallel to the c-axis of the ultrafine particles were measured. The magnetization curve showed a small hysteresis in low field and a remanent magnetization which increased with decrease of the particle size. Two-step jump was observed in the magnetization curve of the ultrafine particles when the external field was applied along the c-axis. The magnetic properties characteristic of the Ni(OH)₂ ultrafine particles are discussed.     

Phase diagrams of the ternary liquid systems [Ce(NO3)3(TBP)3]-C10H22-[UO2(NO3)2(TBP)2] and [Ce(NO3)3(TBP)3]-C10H22-[Th(NO3)4(TBP)2] and of the quaternary liquid system [Ce(NO3)3(TBP)3]-C10H22-[UO2(NO3)2(TBP)2]-[Th(NO3)4(TBP)2]

The phase diagrams of the ternary liquid systems [Ce(NO₃)₃(TBP)₃]-C₁₀H₂₂-[UO₂(NO₃)₂(TBP)₂] and [Ce(NO₃)₃(TBP)₃]-C₁₀H₂₂-[Th(NO₃)₄(TBP)₂] and of the quaternary liquid system [Ce(NO₃)₃(TBP)₃]-C₁₀H₂₂-[UO₂(NO₃)₂(TBP)₂]-[Th(NO₃)₄(TBP)₂] at T = 298.15 K are constructed. The phase diagrams are characterized by areas of homogeneous solutions and of two-phase liquid systems (systems with phase separation), with one phase (I) enriched in [Ce(NO₃)₃(TBP)₃], [Th(NO₃)₄(TBP)₂], and [UO₂(NO₃)₂(TBP)₂], and the other phase (II), in C₁₀H₂₂. Using the data on the mutual solubility of the components in the systems under consideration and equations of the NRTL model, the parameters of intermolecular interactions and the excess Gibbs energies (G ^ex) were calculated for the binary, ternary, and quaternary systems. Passing from the ternary system [Ce(NO₃)₃(TBP)₃]-C₁₀H₂₂-[Th(NO₃)₄(TBP)₂] to the quaternary system [Ce(NO₃)₃(TBP)₃]-C₁₀H₂₂-[UO₂(NO₃)₂ (TBP)₂]-[Th(NO₃)₄(TBP)₂] does not appreciably affect the distribution of C₁₀H₂₂ between phases I and II, but leads to the redistribution of [Ce(NO₃)₃(TBP)₃] into phase II and of [Th(NO₃)₄(TBP)₂] into phase I.     

Super-Hydrophilic Microporous Ni(OH)x/Ni3S2 Heterostructure Electrocatalyst for Large-Current-Density Hydrogen Evolution

Exploiting active and stable non-precious metal electrocatalysts for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at large current density plays a key role in realizing large-scale industrial hydrogen generation. Herein, a self-supported microporous Ni(OH)x/Ni₃S₂ heterostructure electrocatalyst on nickel foam (Ni(OH)x/Ni₃S₂/NF) that possesses super-hydrophilic property through an electrochemical process is rationally designed and fabricated. Benefiting from the super-hydrophilic property, microporous feature, and self-supported structure, the electrocatalyst exhibits an exceptional HER performance at large current density in 1.0 M KOH, only requiring low overpotential of 126, 193, and 238 mV to reach a current density of 100, 500, and 1000 mA cm⁻², respectively, and displaying a long-term durability up to 1000 h, which is among the state-of-the-art non-precious metal electrocatalysts. Combining hard X-rays absorption spectroscopy and first-principles calculation, it also reveals that the strong electronic coupling at the interface of the heterostructure facilitates the dissociation of H₂O molecular, accelerating the HER kinetics in alkaline electrolyte. This work sheds a light on developing advanced non-precious metal electrocatalysts for industrial hydrogen production by means of constructing a super-hydrophilic microporous heterostructure.     

Mechanical properties and flame-retardant of PP/MRP/Mg(OH)2/Al(OH)3 composites

The flame retardant and mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP) composites filled with microencapsulated red phosphorus (MRP) and magnesium hydrate (Mg(OH)₂)/aluminum hydrate (Al(OH)₃) were measured. It was found that the synergistic effects between the MRP and Mg(OH)₂/Al(OH)₃ on the flame retardant and tensile properties of the composites were significant. The limit oxygen index and smoke density rank of the composites increased nonlinearly while the horizontal combustibility rate decreased nonlinearly with increasing the MRP weight fraction. The Young modulus and the tensile elongation at break increased while the tensile yield strength and tensile fracture strength decreased slightly with increasing the MRP weight fraction. Both the V-notched Izod and Charpy impact strength increased with increasing the MRP weight fraction. Moreover, the tensile yield strength of the composites estimated using an equation published previously was roughly close to the measured data.