Electrosprayed polyaniline as cathode material for lithium secondary batteries

Doped polyaniline with LiPF₆ is electrosprayed onto aluminum foil using electrospinning technique, and evaluated as cathode active material for application in room-temperature lithium batteries. Doping level is characterized using FTIR and UV-vis spectroscopy. In FTIR Spectra, characteristic peaks of PANI are shifted to lower bands as a result of doping which indicates the effectiveness of doping. Doping level is also confirmed by UV-vis spectra. Surface morphology of the cathode is studied using scanning electron microscope. Electrochemical evaluation of the cell using electrosprayed PANI as cathode show good cycling properties. The cell delivers a high discharge value of 142.5 mAh/g which is about 100% of theoretical capacity, and the capacity is lowered during cycle and reached 61% of theoretical capacity after 50 cycles. The cell delivers a stable but lower discharge capacity at higher C-rates.     

掺杂聚苯胺锂电池正极材料的性能研究

用化学氧化聚合制备了十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)掺杂的导电聚苯胺(PANI)材料,采用恒流充放电、循环伏安和交流阻抗等电化学方法对其作为锂离子电池正极材料的电化学性能进行了研究,并利用红外光谱对聚合物循环前后的结构进行表征.结果表明,聚苯胺正极具有较高的放电容量,首次放电容量达63.3mAh/g,20次充放电循环后保持在48.5mAh/g.循环伏安曲线及交流阻抗谱表明聚苯胺具有较好的电化学活性.红外光谱测试表明,聚苯胺正极在20次充放电循环后结构基本保持不变.     

碳纳米管/中间相炭微球复合材料锂离子电池负极材料研究

采用热缩聚法(温度为420℃、反应时间为2 h)制备出碳纳米管/中间相炭微球复合材料。研究了碳纳米管添加量对中间相炭微球的形成和形貌的影响,以及对碳纳米管/中间相炭微球复合材料充放电性能的影响。实验结果表明,5%(质量分数)的碳纳米管添加量有利于中间相炭微球的形成,碳纳米管/中间相炭微球复合材料作为负极材料的锂离子电池充放电容量可达到337 mAh/g,20次循环后容量仍保持88%。     

锂离子电池硫复合正极材料的制备及性能研究

用一种简单、成本低的方法制备出碳纳米管/硫复合材料.通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)表征产品的结构及形貌;通过充放电测试及循环伏安测试表征其电化学性能,复合材料首次放电比容量为539mAh/g.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiFe_(1-2x)Mn_xMg_xPO_4/C的电化学性能研究

通过高温固相合成法以MnCO3为锰源、(MgCO3)4·Mg(OH)·5H2O为镁源,葡萄糖为碳源,在氩气气氛下合成二元掺杂Mn、Mg的LiFe0.8Mn0.1Mg0.1PO4/C和LiFePO4/C正极材料,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱仪(FT-IR)进行结构表征,通过恒电流充放电实验研究了LiFe0.8Mn0.1Mg0.1PO4/C和LiFePO4/C电化学性能。结果表明,二元掺杂Mn、Mg的LiFe0.8Mn0.1Mg0.1PO4/C呈现橄榄石结构,无杂质产生。与未掺杂的LiFePO4/C相比,掺杂后LiFe0.8Mn0.1Mg0.1PO4/C提高了电导率,0.1C倍率下放电可逆容量为131mAh/g,表现出良好的电化学性能。     

Electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/Si composites as cathode material for lithium ion batteries

LiFePO₄/Si composites are synthesized via a simple milling isopropanol mixtures process, and the effects of Si-modification on the electrochemical performances of LiFePO₄ are investigated systematically by charge/discharge testing, cyclic voltammograms and AC impedance spectroscopy, respectively. In comparison with the pristine LiFePO₄, LiFePO₄/Si-nanoparticle shows better cyclability and higher rate capability, especially at elevated temperature. An analysis of the electrochemical measurements indicates that Si incorporation could significantly improve the electrochemical performance at high charge/discharge rate and elevated temperature. Among the investigated samples, (LiFePO₄)₉₈/(Si)₂ sample shows the best electrochemical performance with 150 mAhg⁻¹ at 0.5C at 60 °C. The enhancement could be mainly attributed to the lower charge-transfer resistance and higher lithium diffusion coefficients. In addition, the dangling bonds of Si and fluorosilica compounds are responsible for suppressing the dissolution of Fe²⁺ from olivine phase and preventing the rise of the surface resistance and charge transfer resistance.     

不同粒径球形LiFePO4的制备及其性能研究

利用控制结晶法制备了粒径约为1、5、10μm球形FePO4,以此为前驱体通过碳热还原法合成不同粒径的球形LiFePO4正极材料.采用XRD、SEM以及恒流充放电测试等手段对材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能进行表征,并比较了不同粒径产物的振实密度.合成的材料较好地保持了球形形貌,大粒径的样品振实密度高达2.03 g/cm3,...     

Electrochemical behavior of alpha-MoO3 nanorods as cathode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries

The electrochemical properties of alpha-MoO3 nanorods, which were synthesized via a solution-based method and following calcination, have been reported as a cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries. Detailed lithium-insertion process of the material has been conducted by means of cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic method, and impedance technique, and superior features associated with the nanostructures have been observed. The alpha-MoO3 nanorods exhibited an initial discharge capacity of 271.8 mAh/g under a current density of 0.1 mA/cm2 in the range 1.0 approximately 3.0 V, which nearly approached the theoretical capacity 280 mAh/g. Comparison of the structural and electrochemical characteristics with those of bulk alpha-MoO3 suggests the enhanced electrochemical performance might be related to the rodlike structure and increased edge and corner effects.     

新型锂离子电池正极材料LiFePO4

橄榄石结构的LiFePO4工作电压3.4V,理论容量170mAh/g,充放电结构稳定,循环性能好,成本低,安全无毒,成为当前研究的热点.本文在介绍该材料的结构与性能的关系、充放电机理基础上,综述了近年来对该材料的研究进展,并提出了进一步发展的方向.     

Ag包覆MnO锂离子电池负极材料的合成及性能

通过热分解MnCO3和AgNO3的方法制备了具有Ag包覆结构的MnO微米球。分别采用XRD、SEM和恒流充放电技术考察了其晶体结构、颗粒形貌和电化学性能。分析结果表明,该MnO/Ag复合材料结晶度良好,呈球状,直径约1.2μm,Ag包覆在MnO球体表面。当充放电电流密度为34.8mA/g时,MnO/Ag复合材料的首次库伦效率高达70.0%,初始可逆比容量为805.3mA.h/g,经30周循环后,其放电比容量仍保持在407.8mA.h/g。当电流密度增加到190.5mA/g时,其放电比容量仍有320mA.h/g。     

Electrochemical investigation of silicon/carbon composite as anode material for lithium ion batteries

Silicon-graphite composites were prepared by mechanical ball milling for 20 h under argon protection. The microstructure and electrochemical performance of the composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and electrochemical experiments. XRD showed that the materials prepared by ball milling were composites consisting of Si and graphite powders. The composite electrode showed the best performance, especially when annealed at 200 °C for 2 h, which had a reversible capacity of 595 mAh g⁻¹ and an initial coulombic efficiency of 66%, and still retained 469 mAh g⁻¹ after 40 cycles with about 0.6% capacity loss per cycle.     

AZ镁合金用于干电池负极材料的电化学性能研究

采用失重法、线性电位扫描、扣式电池放电测试等方法,研究AZ21和AZ31镁合金作为镁锰干电池负极材料时的电化学性能以及电解质添加剂Li2CrO4对其电化学性能的影响。结果表明,作为干电池的负极材料,在Mg(ClO4)2作电解质时,AZ21与AZ31相比,其自腐蚀速率大,开路电压稍高,电池容量和正极材料利用率低;添加少量的Li2CrO4能大大降低AZ21和AZ31合金的自放电速率,其缓蚀作用随Li2CrO4浓度的增加而增加,但当超过0.3%(质量分数)后反而降低;Li2CrO4的添加可提高电池的工作电压、电池容量和正极材料利用率。     

锂离子电池斜方锰酸锂阴极材料的合成与表征

用一步固相法合成了斜方锰酸锂,对其进行了表征并确定了前驱体化合物烧结中的转变过程,以及相互化合间的烧结机制．结果表明,随着煅烧温度的升高,杂相减少,生长出主体相斜方锰酸锂．在700℃以上可以生成均一相的层状斜方类球状和棒状锰酸锂颗粒．两种颗粒的粒度分别为1～5μm和5～15μm．在充放电循环中,斜方锰酸锂结构易于向尖晶石结构转变．在2．5～4．5V范围内以20mA／g电流进行充放电循环,斜方锰酸锂的初始充电容量达到247mAh／g,放电容量为133mAh／g,50次循环后,容量保持率为92％．     

Electrochemical performance of poly(vinyl alcohol)-based solid polymer electrolyte for lithium polymer batteries

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are an excellent alternative to liquid electrolytes due to their non-volatility, low toxicity, and high energy density. In this study, a SPE having the ion transport mechanism decoupled from segmental motion of a polymer based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) containing the salt lithium trifluoromethane sulfonate (LiCF3SO3, LiTf) has been prepared to overcome the low ionic conductivity of traditional SPEs at room temperature. PVA has a high glass transition temperature (358 K) and good mechanical properties, and despite being atactic, it can crystallize, especially if highly hydrolyzed. From an ac impedance analysis, it was found that the ionic conductivity of the PVA-based SPE increased with increasing salt concentration. In particular, a dramatic increase was observed between 40 and 50 wt% of salt. The ionic conduction mechanism of the PVA-based SPE is proposed based on intensive study using FT-IR spectroscopic measurements, XRD and AFM. Through measurements of linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV), it is also found that the SPE with PVA and LiCF3SO3 has good electrochemical stability.     

Nitrogen-containing carbons prepared from polyaniline as anode materials for lithium secondary batteries

Nitrogen-containing carbons have been prepared from polyaniline by carbonization and activation. Lithium storage performances of the carbons have been studied by galvanostatic charge/discharge. The carbon without activation shows a first discharge capacity of 729 mAh g^− 1, after activation, the capacity improved. The first discharge capacity of the carbon prepared by H₃PO₄ activation is 1083 mAh g^− 1, and that of the carbon prepared by KOH activation is as high as 2201 mAh g^− 1, whose reversible capacity is 1027 mAh g^− 1. To the carbon prepared by KOH activation, the first coulombic efficiency is just 47%, however, from the second cycle, the coulombic efficiency goes up rapidly to above 90%, the reversible capacity is still as high as 747 mAh g^− 1 after 20 cycles. It may be a promising candidate as an anode material for lithium secondary batteries.     

正极材料磷酸铁锂的改性研究进展

介绍了锂离子电池正极材料磷酸铁锂的改性方法,综述了近年来锂离子电池正极材料磷酸铁锂的研究进展.重点叙述了金属粒子掺杂改性及碳包覆改性方面的研究成果.在综述各改性方式方面进展的基础上,指出了现阶段研究上对改性方式的理论体系建立方面所存在的问题,并结合作者研究小组的研究,对磷酸铁锂材料的未来研究方向进行了展望.     

Layered iron orthovanadate microrods as cathode for lithium ion batteries with enhanced cycle performance

Iron orthovanadate microrods with layered structure have been synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. The composition and structure of the microrods were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Electrochemical measurements indicated that the microrods maintained high capacity when used as lithium ion battery cathode. As-obtained iron orthovanadate microrods electrode exhibits a stable and reversible capacity of over 250 mAh g⁻¹ at 16 mA g⁻¹ between 1.6 V and 4.7 V after 15 cycles. Detailed investigations reveal that the layered structure may reduce the lithium ion diffusion path and be helpful for stable capacity.     

锂离子电池正极材料锂镍复合氧化物的合成及性能研究

对LiNiO2派生物LiNixCo1-xM0.05O2(M=Al,Mn,Ti)的性能进行了研究.采用了溶胶-凝胶法(Sol-gel)合成了KLiNixCo1-xM0.05O2(M=Al,Mn,Ti),采用XRD表征其晶体结构,均为层状结构;采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察产物的晶体形貌,粉末颗粒细小,粒径约为0.3～0.5μm.充放电测试表明,合成的LoiNixCo1-xAl0.05O2的循环性能比较好,LiNi0.7Co0.25Mn 0.05O2的初始容量较高.     

Preparation and electrochemical properties of Cr doped LiV3O8 cathode for lithium ion batteries

Chromium was incorporated into lithium trivanadate by an aqueous reaction followed by heating at 100 °C. This Cr doped LiV₃O₈ as a cathode for lithium ion batteries exhibits 269.9 mAh g^− 1 at first discharge cycle and remains 254.8 mAh g^− 1 at cycle 100, with a charge-discharge current density of 150 mA g^− 1 in the voltage range of 1.8-4.0 V. The Cr-LiV₃O₈ cathode show excellent discharge capacity, with the retention of 94.4% after 100 cycles. These result values are higher than previous reports indicating that Cr-LiV₃O₈ prepared by our low temperature synthesis method is a promising cathode material for rechargeable lithium ion batteries. The enhanced discharge capacity and cycle stability of Cr-LiV₃O₈ cathode indicate that chromium atoms promote lithium transfer or intercalation/deintercalation during the electrochemical cycles and improve the electrochemical performances of LiV₃O₈ cathode.     

锂离子电池LiFe0.7Mn0.3PO4-C复合正极材料的制备与表征

采用固相反应法制备了LiFe0.7Mn0.3PO4-C复合材料。用x射线衍射、扫描电镜和电化学测试对符合材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能进行了研究。结果表明，LiFe0.7Mn0.3PO4-C具有单一的橄榄石结构,碳的加入影响了LiFe0.7Mn0.3O4的表面形貌。LiFe0.7Mn0.3PO4-C复合材料的颗粒大小在100-200nm之间，碳均匀地包覆在LiFe0.7Mn0.3O4颗粒的表面．与LiFe0.7Mn0.3O4相比，LiFe0.7Mn0.3PO4-C复合材料具有更高的可逆比容量、更好的循环性能：0.1C放电时LiFe0.7Mn0.3O4-C复合材料的可逆容量达到141mAh／g，60次循环后平均每次循环的容量损失只有0．19％，而相同条件下60次循环后LiFe0.7Mn0.3O4平均每次循环的容量损失为0．53％，表明碳的加入有效地改善了LiFe0.7Mn0.3O4的电化学性能。