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This paper deals with the further development of the quantitative theory of critical detonation diameter that was earlier proposed by the author. According to this theory, to calculate the critical diameter, it is necessary to know the shock adiabat, detonation velocity, and the generalized kinetic characteristic of decomposition of a high-explosive (HE) charge under shock-wave compression. It is suggested that the generalized kinetic characteristic of decomposition of a HE can be found from an experimental dependence of the shock-wave amplitude on the distance the shock wave travels during shock-wave initiation of the HE charge. This approach allows one to calculate the critical detonation diameters of HE charges with sufficient accuracy. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 112–115, March–April, 2006.  相似文献   

3.
Density dependence of detonation velocity for some explosives   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The nonmonotonic dependence of the detonation velocity of a cylindrical charge on density for explosives of the 2nd type is due to the effect of the finite charge diameter and is related to an increase in the width of the reaction zone with a reduction in the porosity of the explosive. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 116–124, July–August, 2006.  相似文献   

4.
The detonation temperature of pressed PETN grains with a relative volumetric concentration of air pores of 0.0047–0.147 was measured using an optical fiber pyrometer at wavelengths of 678 and 487 nm. The nonequilibrium nature of the radiation of the detonation front was shown to be due to the presence of two radiation sources with different temperatures. One source was the explosion products and the other was the strongly compressed air pores, in which air was heated to a temperature above 104 K. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 108–110, July–August, 2007.  相似文献   

5.
The effect of the particle size of HMX in alloys with TNT on the synthesis of nanodiamonds in a detonation wave was studied experimentally. Mixtures with a TNT content of 40 to 90% and the specific surface area of HMX varied in the range of 5–510 m2/kg were investigated. For all mixtures, an increase in the particle size of HMX was found to lead to an increase in the yield of nanodiamonds with the maximum yield shift toward alloys with increased TNT content. The results are explained using a model based on the absence of thermodynamic equilibrium between the components of the heterogeneous explosive during detonation. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 79–84, March–April, 2008.  相似文献   

6.
The tracer method was used to study the synthesis of nanodiamonds during detonation of composite explosives. Alloys of TNT with RDX, HMX, PETN, and benzotrifuroxan were studied. It was shown that, in all cases, most nanodiamonds were formed from TNT carbon. It was concluded that during the chemical reaction in the detonation wave propagating in heterogeneous explosives, equilibrium parameters were not established. In homogeneous TNT/PETN mixtures, individual components react with each other to form common products. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 6, pp. 92–98, November–December, 2008.  相似文献   

7.
A comprehensive numerical and experimental study of continuous spin detonation of a hydrogen-oxygen mixture in annular combustors with the components supplied through injectors is performed. In an annular combustor 4 cm in diameter, burning of a hydrogen-oxygen gas mixture in the regime of continuous spin detonation is obtained. The flow structure is considered for varied flow rates of the components of the mixture and the combustor length and shape. The dynamics of the transverse detonation wave is numerically studied in a two-dimensional unsteady statement of the problem with the geometric parameters of the combustors consistent with experimental ones. A comparison with experiments reveals reasonable agreement in terms of the detonation velocity and pressure in the combustor. The calculated size and shape of detonation fronts are substantially different from the experimental data. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 32–45, March–April, 2008.  相似文献   

8.
Based on previously published results on the detonation of gaseous and liquid explosives, an explanation is given to the formation of the two-dimensional cellular structure of the detonation front of some gas mixtures undergoing a two-step exothermic transformation at the wave front and suggestions are proposed for the mechanism of development of the two-dimensional cellular structure in the case of detonation transformation of gas mixtures with one-step chemical kinetics. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 80–86, July–August, 2008.  相似文献   

9.
为研究乳化炸药在爆轰合成纳米氧化铈中的应用,研制了以硝酸铈和硝酸铵为主要氧化剂的乳化炸药。对不同硝酸铈含量的乳化炸药爆速进行了测试,并利用差示扫描量热仪研究了不同硝酸铈含量的乳化炸药基质的放热特性。研究结果表明,硝酸铈含量对乳化炸药的爆速具有显著影响,同时也决定了乳化基质的放热量和放热速率,用于爆轰合成的硝酸铈质量分数以30%~50%为宜。利用硝酸铈质量分数为40%的乳化炸药,采用爆轰法得到了粒径为70 nm、晶型为立方晶系的纳米氧化铈。  相似文献   

10.
An analysis is performed of experimental data from isotopic tracer studies of the detonation mechanism and formation of the diamond phase of carbon in the detonation products of TNT, RDX, HMX, and their mixtures. Dependences of the relative yield and phase composition of carbon in the detonation products of components of composite explosives on the particle sizes of the explosives are given. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 43, No. 5, pp. 96–103, September–October, 2007.  相似文献   

11.
Experiments are conducted to study the initiation and propagation of detonation in dry and water-filled detonating fuses. The structure of the detonation front is studied by electromagnetic methods and high-speed photography of luminescence at the end of the fuse. It is shown that moistening of the charge suppresses nonideal detonation regimes. Such regimes account for the sensitivity of the explosive to the formation of weak shock waves.Lavrent'ev Institute of Hydrodynamics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090. Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 164–166, July–August, 1994.  相似文献   

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A VISAR laser interferometer was used to measure mass velocity profiles in steady-state detonation waves in tetranitromethane and its mixtures with methanol. In the experiments with tetranitromethane, the chemical-spike pressure was found to be 1.7 times higher than the Chapman-Jouguet pressure. In mixtures with nearly stoichiometric methanol concentrations, the detonation front remained stable, but the chemical-spike amplitude increased suddenly and the shock broadened, probably due to the decomposition of the explosive at the front. A 50% increase in methanol concentration led to instability of the detonation front manifested in oscillations in the mass velocity profiles. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 95–100, May–June, 2009.  相似文献   

14.
We present the results of a numerical study of the detonation structure in a reactive mixture whose chemical energy is released in two steps of very different characteristic times. Detonation in these mixtures exhibits a double detonation cellular structure. By decreasing the detonation tube diameter, several detonation structures are successively obtained: a multiheaded double cellular structure, a double cellular structure with a spinning mode of the transverse wave of the second exothermic step, a single cellular structure, and a spinning mode of the transverse wave of the first step. This is the first three-dimensional numerical investigation of such mixtures. Although a lack of resolution does not allow a resolution of the fine structure at the beginning of the large detonation cells, the results agree qualitatively with experiments. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 101–108, July–August, 2009.  相似文献   

15.
The critical detonation diameter of industrial explosive charges is analyzed as a function of their state characteristics (composition, density, and structure) and the presence of a casing. The main reason for the increase in the critical diameter with increasing density of ammonium nitrate explosive charges is the reduction in the energy release rate in the chemical reaction zone of the detonation wave. The effect of the particle size of the components and the amount of the sensitizing component on the critical diameter of powdered and granular explosives fits into the concept of explosive combustion. An analytical formula for the critical detonation diameter of emulsion explosives is obtained which correctly describes experimental data. A possible mechanism of the effect of metal casings on the critical detonation diameter is considered for porous explosives whose detonation velocity is lower than the sound velocity in the casing.  相似文献   

16.
Methods for determining the propellant performance of high explosives (HEs) are considered. The common and distinguishing features of the techniques of end acceleration of plates and shell expansion are shown. Experimental data on the propellant performance of individual explosives are given. The influence of metal additives on the brisance (propellant performance) and blast effect of explosive compositions is considered. A theoretical method for estimating the propellant performance is proposed, and the propellant performance of hydrogen-free HEs is calculated using experimental data on the enthalpies of formation and densities of single crystals. The energy output and detonation velocity limits of organic HEs are considered and estimated. Promising directions in the investigation of the properties of HEs are considered. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 99–111, January–February, 2007.  相似文献   

17.
18.
Continuous spin detonation of fuel-air mixtures   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
Results of an experimental study of controlled continuous spin detonation of acetylene-air and hydrogen-air mixtures, as well as propane-air-oxygen and kerosene-air-oxygen mixtures in a flow-type cylindrical combustor 30.6 cm in diameter are described. The flow structure and the conditions, properties, and areas of existence of continuous detonation are considered. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 107–115, July–August, 2006.  相似文献   

19.
Correlation dependences between the critical diameter of high explosive (HE) charges and characteristics of their shock-wave sensitivity are theoretically justified. Relations for the critical radius of curvature of the detonation-wave front and for the critical detonation diameter are derived on the basis of the author’s theory of the critical diameter and the generalized kinetic characteristic of HE decomposition determined from the experimental dependence of the distance of transition of the initiating shock wave to the detonation wave on the wave amplitude. A qualitative analysis of these relations reveals good agreement with available experimental data. Key words: detonation, critical diameter, sensitivity, shock-wave initiation of detonation, HE decomposition kinetics. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 101–105, May–June, 2009.  相似文献   

20.
A two-dimensional unsteady mathematical model of spin detonation in an annular cylindrical ramjet-type combustor is formulated. The wave dynamics in the combustor filled by a hydrogen-oxygen mixture is studied numerically. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 90–101, July–August, 2007.  相似文献   

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