倾斜安装的光管焦距标定方法研究

平行光管水平放置和倾斜安装时由于受力状态不同其光学参数会有较大差异,为了精准评价平行光管的焦距,根据平行光管焦面上的点与全站仪角度之间的映射关系,建立了倾斜安装条件下光管焦距与全站仪角度关系的精确数学模型,修正了全站仪垂直轴轴系转动时产生的原理性投影误差。使用全站仪采集了多组数据并进行了实验验证:修正畸变后由焦面目标与竖丝平行时的各测试点解算的焦距值分别为1980.03、1983.45、1982.79 mm,焦距平均值即真值为1982.09 mm。修正畸变但未修正投影误差的情况下由焦面目标与分划板横丝平行时的各测试点解算的焦距值分别为996.42、995.23、995.22 mm,焦距平均值相对误差为50.2%。修正投影误差和畸变后由焦面目标位于不同象限及与分划板横丝平行时的各测试点解算的焦距值极差为4.74 mm,焦距平均值为1982.69 mm,与真值差值为0.6 mm。测量结果的展伸不确定度与焦距真值的最大相对误差为0.36%,该值远小于GB/T 9917.1—2002 照相镜头中实测焦距对名义焦距的相对误差不超过±5%的规定。实验结果表明:该模型具有较高的解算精度,目标狭缝在分划板中的相位可以是随机值,对于倾斜安装条件下平行光管焦距的原位检测具有极大的工程应用价值。     

利用斜方棱镜实现平行光管校准

平行光管是光学实验及计量检测的重要设备.平行光管处于离焦状态将给检测结果带来诸多不良影响.文章提出斜方棱镜校准法,利用斜方棱镜的光轴平移作用,将平行光管的两束边缘光分别入射到同一个CCD中,分划板成像在不同位置则说明分划板偏离物镜后焦面,根据成像位置调整分划板位置,实现平行光管的校准.对可能产生的误差进行了分析,得出在增加8倍望远镜的情况下精度可以达到2”以内,并通过实验验证了该方法的可行性和准确性.     

精密测量雷达轴系正交精度检测方法研究

针对精密测量雷达天线座轴系的正交精度测量,分析了两种形式的天线座结构,根据结构特点对比了两种轴系精度检测方法,并对叉臂式天线座提出了一种新的虚拟定位检测方法。该方法利用测微准直光管及分划板,建立一条平行于地面的俯仰轴虚拟的公共轴线,检测出天线座俯仰轴与俯仰公共轴线偏差量,得到轴系正交精度。     

基于五棱镜的大型平行光管焦面监测技术及误差修正方法

大型平行光管在进行空间环境模拟实验中由于受到温度、气压大幅改变的影响,离焦现象较为严重,为了解决该状态下平行光管离焦量检测难度较大、检测精度不高等问题,提出了一种针对大口径长焦距平行光管焦面位置检测的新方法,可以对平行光管的离焦量进行实时的监测。分析了由五棱镜引入的主要系统误差,并使用更新基准数据的方法将其修正。在口径为700 mm 焦距为18 m 的平行光管上进行了实验,结果表明该系统检焦精度在150 m 以内,满足实验室对大型平行光管焦面位置精度小于200 m 的指标要求。     

基于测角法的CCD航测相机实验室几何标定

CCD航测相机的实验室几何标定是其研制过程中非常重要的一个环节,包括内方位元素和镜头光学畸变的测定,它们是测绘工作中的基础数据,直接影响地形测绘的精度。在实验室用平行光管加星点分划板作为目标发生器,测出平行光线的入射角度和其在CCD靶面上的像点坐标,根据镜头畸变平方和最小的原则对内方位元素和光学畸变进行计算。对标定结果和标定精度分析,满足实际测绘工作要求,验证了标定方法的正确性以及精度的可靠性。     

扰动环境中红外平行光管光路的优化设计

为了降低在振动环境中红外平行光管形变量对检测精度的影响,提高红外平行光管结构设计的合理性,文章应用有限元原理通过ANSYS软件对一种由离轴抛物面反射镜和平面反射镜构成的红外平行光管进行了模态分析,得出系统的固有频率和平行光管壳体的形变量分布,为改进平行光管结构提供了理论依据,进而提出了一种红外平行光管的改进光路,该光路不仅能提高在振动环境下红外平行光管的检测精度,而且能够减少红外平行光管的体积和质量.     

便携式多光轴平行性检校系统的研制

为满足野外检测多波段光电设备光轴平行性的检校需求,研制了一套便携式多光轴平行性检校系统。系统采用反射式卡塞格林光学系统和ZnS晶体靶板,为被校系统提供无穷远的十字分划目标并以此作为瞄准基准,完成对被校系统电视轴和红外轴之间的平行性检校;采用CCD系统完成分划板十字线和靶纸上激光光斑的采集,并利用数据处理系统检测出分划板十字中心与激光光斑中心位置的偏差量,完成对被校系统激光光轴与可见光轴之间的平行性检校。利用高精度光学角规对所研制的检校系统进行了标定,精度可达亚秒级。实验结果表明,该检校系统测量电视轴与红外轴之间平行性标准不确定度为2″,检校激光瞄准轴与发射轴平行性标准不确定度为5″。     

激光与可见光系统光轴平行性检测

介绍了一种利用CCD器件测量激光测距系统与可见光系统光轴平行性的检测方法.通过精密调整CCD靶面中心与十字分划板中心的共轭关系,使两者同在光轴上,形成同一测量基准.测量时,被检仪器可见光系统视场中心时准十字分划板中心,激光测距机发出的激光束汇聚到CCD靶面上,通过测量激光光斑偏离靶面中心的量计算出光轴的平行性误差.简要介绍了激光光斑重心的算法,通过对光斑图像的预处理,提高重心的计算精度.最终通过实验验证了该方案的准确性,测量精度达到5".     

脉冲激光测距机靶标调向光轴平行性检测方法研究

提出一种基于靶标调向装置的脉冲激光测距机光轴平行性检测方法。靶标十字分划中心分别与脉冲激光测距机白光瞄准光轴十字分划中心和激光发射光轴光斑中心对准,通过读取码盘数据计算光轴平行性误差。该方法操作简单,能够实时定量地检测光轴平行性误差,有效地提升了检测精度,实现了光轴平行性检测的数字化、自动化。     

基于WMPS的多光谱光轴平行性检测系统设计

设计了一种新型多光谱多光轴武器装备通用化的光轴平行性检校系统。采用高精度平移平行光管的方法,使平行光管出射的平行光束分别进入武器平台各个光电系统,由平行光管产生无限远白光、微光、红外目标,对待检测多光轴武器系统进行光轴平行性检测。利用WMPS单发射站测角模型,结合摄影测量PNP问题,建立高精度空间坐标定位系统,对平行光管在移动过程中进行精准位置姿态测量,并根据测量结果进行高精度姿态恢复,保证平行光管平移精度。该系统能够适用于多种不同类型光电武器装备,实现自动化检测,并给出了数字化光轴误差量,具有良好的通用性和可扩展性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.