煤气发生炉炉出煤气含水量计算

煤炭中的水和气化剂中的水等因素，对煤气发生炉炉出煤气含水量影响最大，通过气化反应过程中氢的平衡，推导了炉出煤气含水量计算公式。同时指出探火、打钎操作时汽封带入的水，和高温灰渣落入灰盘水封时汽化的部分水封水，以及煤炭中和空气中的氢元素等，也同样会不同程度地影响发生炉炉出煤气含水量，实际工程计算时应考虑据此进行适当修正。     

加压前后发生炉煤气饱和水量影响因素分析

通过对加压前后发生炉煤气饱和水量的计算,分析了当地大气压、煤气输送压力、煤气温度和加压后煤气温升对煤气最终含水量的影响,指出煤气饱和水量随当地大气压和煤气输送压力的增大而降低,随煤气温度和加压后煤气温升的提高而增大,适当控制加压煤气温升、适度提高加压煤气增压,有助于降低煤气最终含水量,提高煤气低位发热量,并使终端产品的质量得到有效保证。     

两段发生炉冷煤气中水分来源与控制

从两段式煤气发生炉的造气原理和生产过程入手,系统分析了煤气生产、加压和输送过程中,煤气中水的入项及出项,并介绍了优化发生炉的操作、优化煤气净化工艺、提高煤气输送压力等控制煤气含水量的措施,煤气含水量的降低既利于环境控制,又有助于节约能源和提高产品质量。     

发生炉煤气中的NH3及其对煤气站系统的影响

发生炉煤气中NH3的形成过程较为复杂,煤的热解温度、气化温度、气化煤中氮的含量、煤化程度及惰质组含量的高低等因素直接影响煤气发生炉中NH3的生成。就NH3的含量而言,一段炉煤气要大于两段炉和干馏炉煤气。同时分析并指出煤气中的NH3与CO2和煤气冲洗水反应生成NH4HCO3,NH4HCO3的存在给酚水浓缩蒸发系统带来一定的安全隐患,需要采取有效措施,从源头杜绝其危害及安全隐患;发生炉煤气中的NH3在煤气湿法脱硫中可以部分或全部替代纯碱作为脱硫吸收剂,从而节约脱硫成本。     

煤气发生炉水夹套鼓包原因分析与应对措施

煤气发生炉作为工厂产生水煤气的重要设备，其地位在建材、陶瓷、化工、机械等行业有着举足轻重的作用。然而煤气发生炉水夹套经常发生鼓包变形，严重威胁到生产及人身安全。只有找出鼓包原因并给出相对应解决措施，才能保证煤气发生炉长期安全运行。     

关于发生炉煤气问题的答疑

问：由于前期陶瓷企业的燃料成本上涨，我厂为降低成本，燃料采用发生炉冷煤气。我是在煤气发生站工作，想问发生炉煤气的基本知识，以及发生炉煤气燃烧的一些原理。     

全氧发生炉煤气理论计算

提出了全氧发生炉煤气概念，并对全氧发生炉煤气组成、热值、燃烧进行理论计算，为玻璃窑炉设计提供参考。     

煤气发生炉水套更换要点

水套是煤气发生炉的重要组成部分。更换水套是一项繁杂的工作,更换质量的好坏,决定了设备的工作状态,本文叙述了更换水套前、更换水套过程中及更换水套后的一系列工作要点。     

浅析影响两段式煤气发生炉气化效率的因素

在生产建筑陶瓷制品的过程中,需要消耗大量的燃料。建筑陶瓷企业使用最多的燃料是发生炉制煤气。其原理是将煤经煤气发生炉转化为煤气供辊道窑燃烧使用,这一煤制气技术在建筑陶瓷企业中被广泛应用,且主要是以两段式煤气发生炉作为煤制气的主要设备。如何提高两段式煤气发生炉的制气效率,降低企业生产成本,是建筑陶瓷企业非常关注的问题。本文通过对建筑陶瓷企业两段式煤气发生炉制气效率的分析,研究影响两段式煤气发生炉制气效率的因素,并从中找出其解决方法,为建陶企业在使用两段式煤气发生炉制气过程中提高制气效率提供相关参考。     

小型发生炉煤气栲胶脱硫设计

发生炉煤气中的硫化氢含量过高,燃烧后不仅会对环境造成污染,而且会影响企业产品质量。对发生炉煤气脱硫技术进行了比较,介绍了某企业标准状态下5000m^3／h发生炉煤气栲胶脱硫设计情况及装置的优化设计。     

Thermogravimetric Analysis of Moisture Desorption from Coal

In coke production, the moisture content of the initial coal is an important parameter. The moisture present in the pores of coal changes the properties of the coking batch. Note also that, together with methane and/or carbon dioxide, water may form gaseous hydrates in the coal bed. In the present work, to study the state of the moisture in coal, attention focuses on eight samples of natural gas saturated to constant moisture content in an atmosphere where the relative partial pressure of water vapor is 91%. The moisture sorbed from the atmosphere has a U-shaped dependence on the metamorphic stage of the coal, with a minimum at coking coal (K coal). In similar conditions, the more mature T and A coal contains twice as much moisture as K coal, while the younger D and G coal contains about four times as much moisture. Thermogravimetric analysis of coal samples saturated to constant moisture content permits calculation of the rate of mass loss and activation energy for the evaporation of moisture in the heating of the given samples. For each coal sample, the temperature range where the evaporation of moisture may be described by a first-order Arrhenius equation is determined. The upper limit of this range is compared with the temperature corresponding to maximum rate of mass loss and also with the temperature corresponding to the maximum thermal effect.     

PREPARATION OF HYDROTHERMALLY TREATED LRC/WATER FUEL SLURRIES

The hot-water coal drying process is a means of thermally beneficiating and dewatering lignite and subbituminous coal for the purpose of preparing dense low-rank coal/water fuel. In hot-water coal drying, which is a form of hydrothermal treatment, low-rank coal in a water slurry is treated at elevated temperatures of 513 to 623  K and at pressures in excess of the equivalent saturated steam pressures lo minimize vaporization of the water. This produces a coal product which contains less than one-third the inherent moisture of the raw coal and which is resistant to moisture reabsorption. The hydrothermally treated coal/water slurry resulting from the process can be concentrated by mechanical means (centrifuge, pressure filter)to form a pumpable coal/water fuel with greater than 60 weight percent bone-dry solids content and with an energy content greater than 15·4 MJ/Kg (6600 Btu/lb). Hydrothermal treatment also beneficiates the coal by reducing oxygen and minerals. Over 94 percent of the energy content of the raw coal remains in the product. Low-rank coal/water fuel is typically a pseudoplastic fluid, and for some low-rank coals, the slurry is stable towards settling, without the use of additives.     

煤调湿工艺数学模型与计算

以煤调湿反应器为控制体,建立了水分物料平衡和控制体热量平衡数学模型.在理论分析的基础上,计算得到烟道废气量、入口废气温度、出口废气温度、入口煤粉湿度对调湿后煤粉湿度和废气湿含量的影响,计算结果可以作为煤调湿工艺设计和优化的理论依据与参考.     

焦炉烟道废气-流化床式煤调湿技术的应用

利用焦炉烟道废气为热源及动力源,在流化床设备内对捣固焦炉配合煤进行预处理。生产应用表明,流化床煤调湿技术对配合煤调湿及分级作用明显,调湿后配煤水分降低2.2%,减少回炉煤气用量1474×104m3,CO2减排8750t,减少焦化废水处理量2万t,焦炉生产能力提高5%,排空废气粉尘含量〈50mg/m3。     

Efficient <Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> drying of low rank coal in a pressurized down-flow flash dryer

Flash drying of low rank coal with synthesis gas was addressed by using a pressurized down-flow dryer. The proposed method is a potential approach to secure gaseous water that is required in coal processing by utilizing moisture in the low rank coal. The drying process was promoted by increasing the initial temperature of the synthesis gas as a drying medium and decreasing the particle size of the coal. The moisture removal rate of the coal using synthesis gas at 9 bars and 500 °C reached up to 97% within ten seconds. Although it is a higher temperature than that of fixed bed or moving bed dryer, outlet moisture laden synthesis gas had the low level of tar enough to be a feedstock of downstream catalytic process due to the short residence time in the dryer. The chemical composition changes of the coal during the drying resulted in reducing oxygen content to the atomic ratio of oxygen to carbon as 0.1 and enhancing its calorific value. Disappearance of hydroxyl functional group from the surface and physical reduction of the surface area of the coal decreased the moisture re-adsorption capacity, which could prevent the spontaneous combustion of the low rank coal.     

热风和微波干燥对煤泥品质的影响

采用热风和微波两种方式对煤泥进行干燥处理,从主要组分、燃烧特性和水分复吸特性等方面对煤泥干燥产品进行了分析。通过工业分析对比了干燥前后煤泥主要组分的变化,发现两种煤泥干燥过程中煤泥的挥发分、灰分和固定碳含量没有明显变化。采用热重分析研究了原煤泥和两种煤泥干燥产品的燃烧特性,发现除了失水阶段,3种煤泥样品的热重曲线没有较大差异,3种样品的燃烧特性指数十分接近。最后探究了两种干燥方式下煤泥干燥产品的水分复吸特性,发现环境湿度和煤泥含水率对水分复吸特性有显著影响,而干燥方式对水分复吸特性影响并不明显。     

Effects of matrix moisture on gas diffusion and flow in coal

Gas production from coal is a complex process whereby gas, initially adsorbed in the coal matrix, desorbs and diffuses through the matrix into the cleat and eventually flows through the cleat system into a production well or a drainage borehole. Hence, the gas production rate is mainly controlled by the gas diffusivity in the matrix and gas permeability in the cleat system. Moisture in the coal matrix has significant impact on gas adsorption capacity and would also play a key role in desorption and migration of gas. However, how moisture affects gas desorption and diffusion in the coal matrix is still poorly understood. In this work, experimental study is performed to investigate effects of moisture on gas sorption rate for an Australian coal. Coal seam gases, CH₄ and CO₂, are used in the study. The experimental results show that moisture content in the matrix has significant impact on the gas sorption rate and the impact of moisture content on the diffusion rate is stronger for CH₄ than CO₂. Moreover, the impact of moisture on gas diffusivity in pores with different size is different, suggested from the modelling results using the bidisperse approach. Furthermore, moisture in coal matrix would cause coal swelling/shrinkage and mechanical properties change that could impact on coal permeability under reservoir conditions. Experimental measurements of coal matrix swelling and Young’s modulus on the same coal sample show that matrix moisture content has significant impact on those properties and may have significant implications on coalbed methane recovery and CO₂ storage in coal.     

Mathematical modeling of combustion and gasification of a wet coal slab—II: Mode of combustion,steady state multiplicities and extinction

The previous one-dimensional steady state model for gasification of wet coal is extended to include both homogeneous and heterogeneous combustion. The conditions under which the flame separates from the coal surface are presented and it is shown that these conditions are functions of the properties of the coal and the ambient gas. It is also shown that for a given bulk gas temperature, there is a limiting bulk oxygen concentration for combustion. Above the limiting bulk gas oxygen concentration, two possible solutions were found: the flame located at the char surface (heterogeneous combustion) and the flame located in the ash layer or in the gas film (homogeneous combustion). The heterogeneous combustion is shown to be unstable while the homogeneous combustion, which has been observed experimentally, is shown to be stable. The global rates, the mode of combustion, the multiplicity of steady state solution and the flame extinction points are discussed as a function of ambient gas temperature, ash layer thickness, coal moisture content and film transport coefficients.     

洗涤塔脱除燃烧源超细颗粒的实验研究

在填料洗涤塔中进行了利用蒸汽相变原理促进燃煤和燃油超细颗粒凝结长大并高效脱除的实验研究;采用电称低压冲击器(ELPI)、SEM及XPS对两种燃烧源细颗粒凝结洗涤前后的数浓度、粒径分布、形貌和元素组分进行了分析测试,考察了洗涤塔进口气液温差、进口烟气含湿量及液气比等对脱除效率的影响。结果表明,燃煤和燃油产生的超细颗粒形貌和组分具有较大的差别,燃煤超细颗粒主要为硅铝矿物质,而燃油超细颗粒主要为含炭物质;在相同条件下,燃煤超细颗粒相变脱除效果优于燃油超细颗粒;脱除效率随洗涤塔进口气液温差的增大而提高,在相同进口气液温差下,增大进口烟气含湿量可显著提高超细颗粒的脱除效率;液气比的影响与填料洗涤塔内是否存在蒸汽相变有关;通过合理调节进口烟气含湿量及进口烟气与洗涤液的温差在填料塔内建立微粒凝结长大所需的过饱和水汽环境可有效脱除燃烧源超细颗粒。