LaPO4/Al2O3可加工陶瓷的磨削加工损伤与表征

磨削加工是目前陶瓷材料的主要加工方法,通过对LaPO/Al2O3可加工陶瓷的磨削试验研究,进一步分析了陶瓷材料的磨削去除机理、磨削加工损伤以及加工损伤导致的材料力学性能的变化.结果表明,LaPO4/Al2O3可加工陶瓷磨削去除方式主要有两种,脆性去除和塑性变形去除.磨削加工对材料表面及亚表面的加工损伤较为明显,加工损伤...     

现代陶瓷刀具材料

文章回顾了现代陶瓷刀具材料的发展，强调了显微结构对刀具材料的机械性能和使用性能的影响，全面介绍了各种陶瓷刀具材料的组织和性能特点以及在高速切削加工时如何正确地选择和使用陶瓷材料。     

含h-BN复相陶瓷制备及性能研究进展

陶瓷材料密度低、抗腐蚀性及耐磨性良好,但是其硬而脆导致加工困难、抗热震性差。h-BN具有弹性模量低、硬度低的特点,其可加工性能和抗热震性能优异。将h-BN引入陶瓷基体制备含h-BN复相陶瓷,能够有效改善陶瓷材料的可加工性能和抗热震性。对含h-BN复相陶瓷的材料体系、制备工艺和性能的研究一直备受关注。本文以h-BN的引入方式为分类依据较全面地总结了含h-BN复相陶瓷的制备方法。本文对引入h-BN后所制备的含h-BN复相陶瓷的常规力学性能、抗热震性、可加工性、透波性、摩擦磨损等性能的影响进行了综述;对含h-BN复相陶瓷的制备及性能研究中存在的问题进行了概括,并对该材料体系的研究方向提出了建议。     

精密陶瓷凝胶注模成型工艺评述

陶瓷的成型和加工问题一直是困扰无机陶瓷材料应用的主要技术难点，也是陶瓷材料研究最为重要的课题之一。上世纪九十年代初发展起来的凝胶注模成型工艺，是一种近净尺寸陶瓷成型技术，它为解决陶瓷材料的加工成型问题提供了一条有效的工艺途径。本文简要介绍了陶瓷凝胶注模工艺和陶瓷浆料的基本组成，讨论了影响聚合反应速率、浆料流变性和陶瓷坯体性能的多种因素，并对陶瓷凝胶注模成型工艺的最新进展给予了评述。     

可加工复相陶瓷材料的研究现状与发展

介绍可加工复相陶瓷的研究发展现状。着重介绍可加工BN系复相陶瓷的研究现状与发展。主要论述可加工BN系复相陶瓷的制备工艺过程及力学性能和可加工性能等。对可加工复相陶瓷材料的研究发展方向作分析和预测。     

可加工陶瓷研究的新进展

从微观结构设计出发,进行可加车性能的研究已成为陶瓷材料研究领域的热点之一。从改善陶瓷材料可加工性的方法着手,简要介绍可加工陶瓷研究的新进展,并对各种方法的优点与不足之处进行评述。     

结构用陶瓷基复合材料的现状与发展趋向

陶瓷基复合材料是近几年发展起来的新兴学科和举世瞩目的特殊开发领域,因此研究开发极为活跃。陶瓷基复合材料由于能够克服陶瓷材料固有的脆性和显著提高性能而倍受重视。因此,不少国家都在投入大量的人力、物力和财力竞相开发研究,并取得了明显进展。就材料特性而言,陶瓷基复合材料可分为机械结构材料和功能材料两大类。就使用的原材料来讲,陶瓷基复合材料又细分为陶瓷纤维增强陶瓷材料、金属纤维增强陶瓷材     

先驱体聚合物在陶瓷增材制造中的应用进展

先驱体陶瓷具有分子结构可设计、化学组成可调控、加工成型方便、力学性能优异、易于成型复杂构件、便于实现结构/功能一体化等优点,克服了传统粉末烧结制备陶瓷材料难于设计与成型的问题,对解决航空航天、国防尖端武器装备面临的材料瓶颈问题具有重要意义。在陶瓷增材制造技术的带动下,先驱体陶瓷的发展迎来了新的契机,增材制造先驱体陶瓷的研究得到了越来越多的关注。介绍了增材制造先驱体陶瓷的研究与应用进展,总结了各类陶瓷增材制造技术的优势和不足,并对先驱体陶瓷增材制造目前存在的问题与发展趋势进行了探讨和展望。     

陶瓷材料纳米改性进展

综述了陶瓷材料的纳米改性机理,重点评述了结构材料中的氧化物、氮化物和碳化物陶瓷以及功能材料中的电子陶瓷、生物陶瓷和磁性陶瓷的纳米改性进展,并展望了陶瓷材料的纳米改性.     

纤维增强玻璃和陶瓷复合材料

玻璃和陶瓷复合材料都是高强度和抗脆性断裂的材料,同属高性能的新型陶瓷。生产这种材料有许多方法,其中包括往玻璃和陶瓷中掺耐火纤维、晶须和颗粒。本文要讨论的是这种材料的开发,主要谈连续纤维掺入玻璃和陶瓷材料的问题。     

Single-point scratching of 6061 Al alloy reinforced by different ceramic particles

Aluminium alloys reinforced by ceramic particles have been widely used in aerospace and automotive industries for their high stiffness and wear resistance. However, the machining of such materials is difficult and would usually cause excessive tool wear. The effect of ceramic particles on the cutting mechanisms is also unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the cutting mechanisms and the relationship between specific energy of scratching and depth of cut (size effect). The single-point scratch test was carried out on 6061 Al and its composites reinforced by Al₂O₃ and SiC ceramic particles using a pyramid indenter. The results indicated that the scratch process was composed of rubbing, ploughing, plastic cutting and reinforcement fracture. A simple model was proposed to interpret the apparent size effect. The effect of reinforcement on the specific energy was correlated to the ratio of volume fraction to particle radius. The paper found that for machining MMCs, a larger depth of cut should be used to maintain a lower machining energy, especially for those with a larger ratio of volume fraction to particle radius.     

基于切削可靠性的新型陶瓷刀具材料的研制

建立了切削可靠性和刀具力学性能之间的关系模型,根据切削可靠性和断裂韧性的要求设计并制备出了颗粒和晶须协同增韧的陶瓷刀具JX-2,其力学性能与晶须增韧陶瓷刀具(JX-1)相当,但成本低,且抗扩散磨损的能力强.将JX-2、JX-1和硬质合金刀具YG6X进行对比切削电铸纯镍实验,JX-2的切削速度最高,磨损寿命最长,其抗磨损能力最强,是加工纯镍或高镍合金等材料的理想刀具.     

Advanced ceramic tool materials for machining

Cutting tools made of advanced ceramics have the potential for high-speed finish machining as well as for high-removal-rate machining of difficult-to-machine materials. The raw materials used in these ceramics are abundant, inexpensive, and free from strategic materials. In spite of this, solid or monolithic ceramic tools are currently used only to a limited extent partly due to certain limitations of these materials and partly due to the inadequacy of the machine tools used. The advances in ceramic materials and processing technology, the need to use materials that are increasingly more difficult to machine, increasing competition, and the rapidly rising manufacturing costs, have opened new vistas for ceramics in machining applications. The development of ceramic tool materials can be broadly categorized into three types: monolithic forms, thin coatings, and whisker-reinforced composites. Such a classification provides a totally new perspective on ceramic tool materials and broadens their scope considerably, and is justified on the basis that it is the ceramic addition that makes the tool material more effective. A brief overview of these materials is presented in this paper.     

含TiB2陶瓷相热喷涂涂层的研究进展

TiB2具有高耐磨、高耐腐蚀、耐高温、抗氧化等优异性能,但由于高脆性和材料制备的困难性,使其用作结构材料还很难.通过各种工艺制备含有TiB2陶瓷相的涂层既可充分发挥材料的优异特性,满足工件所需的耐磨耐高温耐腐蚀等性能,又节省了材料节约了成本.本研究介绍了先进陶瓷材料TiB2的主要结构性能以及目前制备TiB2涂层的主要方法,着重介绍了有关国内外热喷涂法制备含TiB2陶瓷相涂层的研究进展和成果,并对不同热喷涂工艺的特点与发展趋势做了分析和讨论,最后阐述了TiB2涂层的成功应用情况及其广阔的发展前景.     

硬脆材料的旋转超声辅助加工

光学玻璃、功能晶体、工程陶瓷等硬脆材料具有高强度、耐高温、耐磨损等优良的物理和机械性能,目前已被广泛应用于航空航天、汽车、军工等领域.但由于这些材料具有较高的硬度和脆性,难以用传统的加工方法进行加工,从而在很大程度上制约了这些材料的进一步推广和应用.旋转超声辅助加工技术由于其特殊的加工性能,具有切削力小、低切削热等优点,适应于各种硬脆材料的加工,因此得到了广泛的应用和迅速的发展,在硬脆难加工材料的制造领域已经占据了重要的地位.本文回顾了旋转超声辅助加工技术的发展历程和特点,介绍了旋转超声辅助加工的机理及工艺设备的研究进展,并对旋转超声辅助加工技术和设备的发展趋势进行了展望.     

高效加工技术及其应用研究

在机械加工领域,切削加工是应用最广泛的一种加工方法,其发展方向主要是研究高速切削,对超硬材料加工,主要是发展磨削、超声和放电等高效复合加工技术。章介绍对高效切削加工和高效复合加工技术的理论研究和技术开发与应用及所取得的重要成果,主要包括高速切削基础理论、陶瓷刀具材料研究新体系和超硬材料断续磨、超声和电火花的复合加工理论与技术的研究开发。生产实际应用结果表明,高效加工技术可以大幅度提高加工效率,改善加工表面质量,降低加工成本。     

新型钨基面向等离子体材料的研究进展

纯钨应用于聚变堆中面向等离子体材料具有难加工、高的韧脆转变温度、低的再结晶温度等缺点,而钨基材料是一类具有广阔应用前景的面向等离子体材料,受到国内外的广泛研究。综述了采用氧化物颗粒弥散强化、碳化物颗粒弥散增强、合金化增强钨基材料和钨基复合材料等强化手段制备新型钨基面向等离子体材料的近年研究进展。采用相应的增强方法可使得钨基材料某些方面的性能得到提高,如显著提高抗弯强度、硬度和断裂韧性,具有较好的抗腐蚀性、延展性和抗冲击力等优点,但是在承受大的工作热负荷时,钨基材料仍会失效,尚需要继续进行相关材料的工艺、性能研究。     

Fabrication and machining of ceramic composites — A review on current scenario

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are the best-suited material for various engineering application due to their superior properties. The different processing methods involved in the fabrication and machining of these CMCs are a center for attraction to researchers and industrial society. This review article primarily focuses on the development of different processing methods and machining methods for ceramic matrix composites since the last few years. Out of these fabrication methods, powder metallurgy emerged as a most promising and cost-effective technique. In addition, electric discharge machining (EDM) has proved to be time saving, cost effective, and capable of machining complex shapes in composites. At the end, challenges in the processing and machining of ceramic matrix composites have been identified from the literature, and further benefits of microwave sintering and electric discharge machining of materials have been addressed in the paper.     

Drehen und Fräsen pulvermetallurgischer Hartlegierungen für warmgehende Werkzeuge

Turning and Milling of Powder Metallurgical Hard Alloys for Tools in Hot Working Applications Hard metals are high wear resistant materials. The microstructure of these composites consists of hard phases which are embedded in a metal matrix. The high hardness and the high content of the hard phases lead to a difficult machining of these materials. The present study investigates the turning and milling of D3 cold work steel (X210 Cr 12) and the powder metallurgical Fe‐based alloys ASP60 and ASP23 + WC/W₂C. The cutting tool materials were polycrystalline cubic boron nitrides (CBN) and ceramic inserts. The machining process could be judged by means of tool wear and machining quality (surface roughness and changes in the surface near zone). The investigations illustrate that the machinability of the different hard metals depends on the cutting speed and the cutting tool material.