铜合金在海洋飞溅区的腐蚀

研究了12种铜合金在青岛海域飞溅区暴露16年的腐蚀结果及其腐蚀行为和规律．铜合金在飞溅区的腐蚀率均较低．在飞溅区短期暴露，铜合金的腐蚀类型为均匀腐蚀，长期暴露的铜合金发生较轻的点蚀和缝隙腐蚀，黄铜有脱锌腐蚀倾向，白铜有脱镍腐蚀倾向．纯铜和青铜的腐蚀率随暴露时间增加而降低．HMn58—2和HSn62-1短期暴露的腐蚀率随暴露时间增加而降低，长期暴露腐蚀率出现上升的趋势．HA177—2和BFe10-1-1的腐蚀率随暴露时间增加而略有增加．长期暴露的HA177—2、BFe10-1-1和BFe30-1-1的耐蚀性比纯铜差．铜合金在飞溅区的腐蚀比全浸区、潮汐区轻，比海洋大气区重．     

AM60镁合金与铜合金及铝合金偶接后的大气腐蚀行为

研究了AM60铸造镁合金与H62铜合金、LY12铝合金组成的电偶对在北京地区室外曝晒3个月和6个月后的大气电偶腐蚀行为及规律.结果表明:镁合金始终是电偶对中的阳极,当其与H62铜合金和LY12铝合金偶接时,其腐蚀速率增加1～7倍;镁合金与H62铜合金偶合后,其大气电偶腐蚀效应大于其与LY12铝合金组成的电偶对的大气电偶腐蚀效应;在6个月的实验周期内,随着曝晒时间的延长,镁合金在北京地区大气环境中的电偶腐蚀效应呈上升趋势;试样表面润湿时间短是造成AM60镁合金在北京曝晒第一个实验周期(2003.12～2004.2)的电偶腐蚀低于第二个由实验周期(2004.3～2004.5)的主要原因;北京地区高自然降尘量对镁合金电偶腐蚀将起到加速的作用.     

HAl77-2铜合金管在低温多效海水淡化装置中的耐蚀性

采用实验室模拟研究的方法,通过腐蚀电化学测试和腐蚀形貌观察,借助表面物相结构和元素成分分析,比较了3种海水淡化所用的HAl77-2铜合金热交换管的耐蚀性以及平均晶粒度,分析了它们在海水介质中的腐蚀失效机制。结果表明:HAl77-2铜合金管的电化学阻抗均随浸泡时间的延长而逐渐增大,在达到极大值后,又会出现在极大值附近波动的现象;相比较而言,1号管样的耐蚀性最好、晶粒度最小,而3号管样的耐蚀性最差、晶粒度最大。     

建筑装饰用Cu-Ni合金的腐蚀行为研究

通过浸泡静态腐蚀和电化学试验方法,研究了不同浸泡时间下建筑装饰用Cu-Ni合金的腐蚀行为。结果表明,随着浸泡时间的延长,铜合金的腐蚀速率逐渐降低;铜合金的表面腐蚀膜层的颜色逐渐从紫红色、棕色、黄绿色转变为墨绿色;腐蚀初期的产物主要为Cu_2O,随着腐蚀时间延长过渡为Cu_2O和CuO;继续延长腐蚀时间,腐蚀产物膜层不断增厚,外层腐蚀产物膜中的Cu_2O与溶液中的Cl-发生反应生成Cu_2(OH)_3Cl;致密均匀的腐蚀产物膜层在一定程度上抑制了腐蚀反应的进行,使得腐蚀速率逐渐降低。     

铜及铜合金大气腐蚀影响因素的灰色关联分析

采用灰色关联方法,对现场暴露试验得到的10种铜及铜合金在我国七个典型大气环境试验站1年和10年两个周期的大气腐蚀速率进行了污染物和气象因素影响的关联分析。结果表明,对铜及铜合金大气腐蚀影响最大的污染物因素是SO_2,气象因素是平均湿度、降露日数和最低温度。     

铜及铜合金在我国实海海域暴露16年局部腐蚀规律

本项目研究了19种铜及铜合金在我国青岛、舟山、厦 门、榆林四个海水腐蚀试验站暴露1、2、4、8、16年的局部腐蚀规律.暴露实验表明，榆林站全浸区因温度高和海生物附着共同作用是铜合金表现一定的局部腐蚀现象；舟山海域因为高流速的含泥沙海水的冲刷作用，也使铜合金发生局部腐蚀；厦门海域对铜合金的局部腐蚀有一定的减缓作用，使铜合金板材没有局部腐蚀发生，但厦门海域的这种减缓作用有一定的限度；青岛海域全浸区的局部腐蚀程度不高，但暴露后期在潮差区铜合金的局部腐蚀比全浸区严重.     

镍铜合金铸铁耐碱腐蚀机理

针对天然碱制碱工业中设备的腐蚀问题,研制出5种成分的镍铜合金铸铁,对其进行了金相组织分析,在此基础上,利用自制的动态腐蚀试验装置模拟碱腐蚀条件,测试其腐蚀速度,并对其耐碱腐蚀性能进行评价.借助扫描电镜对镍铜合金铸铁的表面腐蚀形貌和徽区成分分析,详细讨论了镍、铜在铸铁中的作用与耐蚀机理.结果表明,镍铜合金铸铁在高温浓烧碱液中宏观上属于全面腐蚀,微观上存在不同程度的镍、铜元素富集,其中N4、N5合金铸铁耐蚀性较高.     

硫酸盐还原菌对铜合金腐蚀电化学行为的影响

用电化学方法研究了硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）生物膜对HSn70-lAB和BFe30-1-1铜合金腐蚀的电化学行为；用扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）及X-射线能谱（EDS）分析了铜合金表面生物膜特征及其成分。结果表明，铜合金表面生物腐蚀与SRB的生长特性密切相关，SRB处于指数生长期时，Hsn70-lAB和BFe30-1-1铜合金的自腐蚀电位（Ecarr）和极化电阻（彤均迅速下降，腐蚀加剧，且后者腐蚀速度大于前者；而当SRB进人稳定生长阶段，两种合金的Ecarr和Rp均缓慢下降，腐蚀速度减缓，且二者腐蚀速度接近。表面生物膜的特征也有较大区别，HSn70-lAB铜合金表面的腐蚀产物膜比较平滑，BFe30-1-1铜合金表面的腐蚀产物膜较粗糙；且后者表面膜中S含量高于前者，腐蚀倾向明显增强。     

金属材料在模拟深海中的腐蚀电位

利用自行研制的多通道电位自动采集装置,测试了19种金属材料在8 MPa模拟深海环境中的腐蚀电位,分析了腐蚀电位变化规律,得出了试验用金属材料在模拟深海中的腐蚀电位序。结果表明：碳钢、低合金钢、铝合金、铜合金及铝阳极均迅速达到稳定电位,电位波动较小;不锈钢和镍基合金在试验初期的腐蚀电位较正,随着浸泡时间的延长,腐蚀电位明显减小,电位变化幅度较大;金属材料在模拟深海环境中仅存在一个状态稳定电位,稳定腐蚀电位从低到高顺序大致为：铝阳极、铝合金、碳钢、低合金钢、高强不锈钢、铜合金、不锈钢、镍基合金。     

QAl10-4-4、QAl9-4和ZCuAl10Fe3铜合金在模拟海洋环境中的腐蚀行为

为了系统研究QAl10-4-4、QAl9-4、ZCuAl10Fe3三种铜合金在海洋环境中的腐蚀行为,在实验室进行了人造海水全浸试验、盐雾/干/湿交替循环试验、电偶腐蚀试验和电化学测试等一系列腐蚀模拟试验。结果表明:这三种铜合金在模拟海洋环境全浸条件下的腐蚀速率排序为QAl10-4-4ZCuAl10Fe3QAl9-4,在模拟海洋环境潮差条件下的腐蚀速率排序为ZCuAl10Fe3QAl10-4-4QAl9-4;当0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb不锈钢作为阴极,三种铜合金作为阳极时,三种铜合金的腐蚀速率排序为QAl9-4QAl10-4-4ZCuAl10Fe3,电偶腐蚀倍率为QAl10-4-4ZCuAl10Fe3QAl9-4;同时,三种铜合金表面氧化膜的腐蚀阻滞作用大小排序为QAl10-4-4QAl9-4ZCuAl10Fe3,材料抗介质腐蚀能力的排序为QAl10-4-4ZCuAl10Fe3QAl9-4。     

Localized corrosion of copper alloys in China seawater for 16 years

The regulation of localized corrosion of 2 kinds of copper and 17 kinds of copper alloys exposed in seawater of Qingdao, Zhoushan, Yulin and Xiamen for 16 years has been studied. Results show that during immersion copper alloys suffer from pitting corrosion due to high temperature and marine living adhesion at Yulin, and to the higher velocity of seawater containing sand at Zhoushan. However, the seawater of Xiamen inhibits the pitting corrosion of copper alloys. No pitting corrosion is observed on copper alloy plates tested there. The copper alloys suffer from more serious pitting corrosion in the tide zone than that in the immersion zone at Qingdao after long time exposure.     

铜腐蚀及其缓蚀技术应用研究现状

综合论述了铜及其合金在各种环境下的腐蚀和影响因素以及所采取的缓蚀措施.在众多的缓蚀方法中,重点归纳和总结了有机缓蚀剂的应用,其中以唑类应用最为广泛而且效果最好,其次是烷基硫醇和烷基硫代硫酸盐自组装膜具有广阔的发展前景.在缓蚀剂的使用中,最好同时选用几种都有抑制铜腐蚀作用的缓蚀剂即复配缓蚀剂.      

Auswertung von potentiokinetischen Strom-Spannungsmessungen an Cu?Ni-Legierungen,Kupfer und Messung in Meerwasser

Evalutation of potentiokinetic current/potential measurements on Cu? Ni alloys, copper and brass in sea water Copper-nickel alloys, copper and brass were subjected to long time corrosion tests in synthetic sea water. The established potentiokinetic polarization curves served for the determination by different methods of corrosion current density. The results obtained are critically compared.     

化学处理液中的La及BTA 对铜合金表面性能的影响

为了提高铜及其合金的耐蚀性能,研究了稀土La盐与BTA对铜合金缓蚀的协同作用,化学处理后的铜合金表面耐蚀性能得到改善。利用扫描电镜及XRD,对铜合金处理后的表面形貌及结构进行了分析;通过阳极极化、交流阻抗等电化学测试方法分析了La盐与BTA对铜合金表面性能的影响。结果表明:稀土La盐与BTA的加入使铜合金表面形成了均匀、致密的转化膜,从而提高了铜合金表面的耐蚀性能。     

Impedance and XPS study of benzotriazole films formed on copper, copper-zinc alloys and zinc in chloride solution

The formation of protective layers on copper, zinc and copper-zinc (Cu-10Zn and Cu-40Zn) alloys at open circuit potential in aerated, near neutral 0.5 M NaCl solution containing benzotriazole was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Benzotriazole (BTAH), generally known as an inhibitor of copper corrosion, also proved to be an efficient inhibitor for copper-zinc alloys and zinc metal. The surface layers formed on alloys in BTAH-inhibited solution comprised both polymer and oxide components, namely Cu(I)BTA and Zn(II)BTA polymers and Cu₂O and ZnO oxides, as proved by the in-depth profiling of the layers formed. A tentative structural model describing the improved corrosion resistance of Cu, Cu-xZn alloys and Zn in BTAH containing chloride solution is proposed.     

The air oxidation of two-phase Cu-Ag alloys at 650–750°C

The corrosion of three two phase Cu-Ag alloys containing 25, 50, and 75 wt% Ag has been studied at 650 and 750°C. In all cases the alloys formed external scales of copper oxides. At the same time, an internal precipitation of Cu₂O within a silver matrix was also produced, with an oxide volume fraction larger for the alloys richer in Cu. Beneath this mixed layer a region of single-phase solid solution of Cu in silver formed for Cu-50Ag and especially for Cu-75Ag. Silver metal remained in the metal-consumption zone, acting essentially as an inert marker, except for a few particles with were incorporated into the growing scales. Both pure Cu and the alloys corroded parabolically, but the rate constants for the alloys decreased with increased Ag content under constant temperature. The various aspects of the corrosion of these alloys are examined by taking into account the possible effects associated with the presence of two metal phases.     

Korrosionskennzeichnung von Kupferlegierungen - Polarisationswiderstände in Salzlösungen -

Characterization of the corrosion behaviour of copper alloys – polarisation resistances in salt solutions Experiments with electrolyte copper, Cu with 6% Fe and CuNi90/10 (with Fe or Cr) demonstrate that measured polarisation resistances enable on principle conclusions to be drawn with respect to the probable corrosion behaviour of Cu alloys. This applies in particular to aerated solutions where the negative influence of Cr and the positive influence of Fe can be clearly distinguished. The variation of polarisation resistance with time enables groupes of alloys to be differentiated which initially are characterized by identical kinetic parameters.     

Behaviour of copper during alkaline corrosion of Al–Cu alloys

Enrichment of copper beneath amorphous anodic films on relatively dilute, solid-solution Al–Cu alloys is necessary before copper can be oxidized and incorporated into the oxide layer. A similar enrichment arises during electropolishing, which also develops an amorphous oxide. In these cases, external polarization is applied, usually generating a relatively high oxidation rate. In contrast, enrichment behaviour at the corrosion potential has received less attention. The present study examines the corrosion of Al–Cu alloys, containing up to 6.7 at.% Cu, in 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution at 293 K. Copper is again found to enrich in the alloy, similarly to behaviour with anodic polarization. However, following enrichment, discrete copper-rich particles appear to be generated in the corrosion product. These are suggested to be nanoparticles of copper, since the corrosion potentials of the alloys are low relative to that required for oxidation of copper. The corrosion rate increases with increase of both time and copper content of the alloy, probably associated with a greater cathodic activity due to an increasing number of nanoparticles. The corrosion proceeds with loss of aluminium species to the sodium hydroxide solution, but with retention of copper in the layer of hydrated alumina corrosion product.     

用原子力显微镜研究铜合金微生物的腐蚀行为

用原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了HSn70-1A、HSn70-1B和HSn70-1AB等3种铜合金在硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)菌液中的微生物腐蚀行为.结果表明,3种铜合金表面形成的生物膜形貌各不相同.HSn70-1AB合金表面生物膜的粗糙度大于其余两种合金,表明其生物膜最不均匀.去除生物膜后,3种样品的腐蚀形貌也小相同,粗糙度均有所增加,这是微生物腐蚀作用的结果.研究证实,AFM的定量分析能力是研究材料微生物腐蚀的重要手段.