波束设计中的凸优化解决方法

采用CVX软件包,实现声呐/雷达阵列的优化设计,并对波达方向不确定性等实际问题进行了建模和讨论。     

基于可控波束响应的球形传声器阵列定位方法研究

球形传声器阵列因其完全对称的结构,可在三维空间内实现有效的声源定位。文章重点关注基于球谐函数展开的可控波束响应算法,推导了算法的实现流程,并通过仿真验证了可控波束响应算法的性能。建立了包含8个传声器单元的实验系统,其中球形结构在8个单元的条件下可以视为立方结构,通过低阶球谐展开实验验证了可控波束算法的性能。在视听室的实验结果充分验证了定位算法的有效性,定位误差小于10°。     

压缩感知中非凸优化的极大熵方法

压缩感知可由少量观测重构K-稀疏信号.本文提出的极大熵方法克服了压缩感知中lp(0＜p＜1)最优化问题的非光滑性.极大熵方法构造一条同伦曲线以获得全局最优稀疏解.数值实验表明极大熵方法的信号重构性能优于l1最优化和AST算法.     

基于FPGA的多波束实时动态聚焦波束形成方法

提高多波束测深系统的综合精度,不仅需要提高远场精度,近场精度也不可忽视。针对常规多波束测深系统中采用远场近似模型,使得近场精度急剧下降的不足,研究了基于FPGA的多波束实时动态聚焦波束形成(RT-DFBF：Real-time Dynamic Focused Beam-forming)方法。该方法引入相移聚焦波束形成,论证其在多波束测深系统中解决近场问题的可行性,同时深入分析各个影响因素的实时处理情况,提出了一种基于FPGA的实时处理结构,该结构在输入通道为80个、采样率为28kHz、波束数为128个的条件下完成RT-DFBF。水池实验结果验证了该方法的实时性、有效性和实用性,具有重要工程应用价值。     

基于波束形成声像图纹理特征的机械故障诊断方法

基于振动信号处理的机械故障诊断存在接触式测量和单通道信号分析等局限性,而基于声学图像特征分析的故障诊断方法能有效克服此类局限.将声学成像和图像处理技术引入故障诊断,利用“延迟求和”波束形成算法分别得到机械设备在正常和故障状态下的声像图.首先对可视化声场进行初步诊断,然后考虑到不同状态下声场分布的细微变化反映在声像图丰富...     

基于协方差矩阵加权的任意阵列宽带恒定束宽波束形成方法

提出了基于协方差矩阵加权方法的恒定束宽波束形成方法,它适用于任意几何形状和阵元方向性的传感器阵列。设计方法为：首先将设计频带分成若干子带,采用优化方法,通过对各子带波束施加约束,设计出具有设定波束形状的各子带波束。然后,对各子带波束进行能量综合,完成宽带信号处理。该方法解决了协方差矩阵加权波束形成方法在宽带系统中会出现的频谱畸变问题．提高了其宽带信号处理性能,为此类的宽带系统设计提供了理论支持。通过计算机仿真和湖试实验数据验证了方法的正确性。     

基于幅度检测的多波束测深算法仿真性能分析

研究了三种幅度检测算法的理论性能,分析了理想条件下不同幅度检测算法的精度和相应的波束角范围。     

任意结构基阵波束优化的稳健性分析

分析了任意结构基阵波束优化的稳健性。首先从理论上推导了阵列误差、权向量误差和权向量范数等因素与波束旁瓣畸变之间的关系,并利用优化波束的白噪声增益和权向量范数之间的关系,提出了任意结构基阵波束优化时权向量范数约束上限的选取方法。针对圆阵进行了大量的计算机仿真,分析了不同权向量范数约束条件下获得的优化波束的稳健性,证明了理论推导的正确性。     

基于近场波束形成法的声发射源定位研究

引入近场波束形成法处理声发射信号,研究在小区域布置少量传感器来实现声发射源定位的新方法.首先,利用板波理论进行声发射信号传播特性研究,对比了板中声发射信号与空气中声波传播的差异性,分析了波束形成法应用于声发射源定位的问题.并在板上进行断铅实验,验证了近场波束形成法进行声发射源定位的有效性.最后,在旋转机械碰摩模拟实验台上进行了碰摩实验,利用波束形成法进行碰摩声发射源定位,所提出的方法能有效地定位旋转机械初始碰摩位置.所得结果可为声发射源定位提供一种新途径.     

An improved weighting method with multibounds formulation and convex programming for multicriteria structural optimization

This paper presents an improved weighting method for multicriteria structural optimization. By introducing artificial design variables, here called as multibounds formulation (MBF), we demonstrate mathematically that the weighting combination of criteria can be transformed into a simplified problem with a linear objective function. This is a unified formulation for one criterion and multicriteria problems. Due to the uncoupling of involved criteria after the transformation, the extension and the adaptation of monotonic approximation‐based convex programming methods such as the convex linearization (CONLIN) or the method of moving asymptotes (MMA) are made possible to solve multicriteria problems as efficiently as for one criterion problems. In this work, a multicriteria optimization tool is developed by integrating the multibounds formulation with the CONLIN optimizer and the ABAQUS finite element analysis system. Some numerical examples are taken into account to show the efficiency of this approach. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于凸规划的机械臂轨迹规划方法

研究了快速求解具有时间约束的机械臂轨迹规划问题,提出了一种基于凸规划的轨迹规划方法。该方法针对机械臂轨迹规划中动力学约束非线性强、时间约束不易处理的问题,首先通过变量替换,将非线性约束转化为线性约束,然后添加新的约束,将原始非凸优化问题转化为凸规划问题,在此基础上,将其写作二阶锥规划（SOCP）形式,使用SeDuMi等优化工具包近似实时求解。该方法具有以下优点：计算高效,凸规划问题能够在多项式时间内得到求解;算法全局稳定,能收敛到全局最优解,不需要提供优化初值;可扩展性强,工业机器人的多种约束以及性能指标如加速度平滑约束、功率等均可扩充。仿真实验表明,与现有方法相比,该方法能够有效提高轨迹规划的效率,机器人的轨迹规划可以近似实时求解。     

带有圆弧形凸槽金属薄壁圆管抗撞性优化设计

在金属薄壁圆管（原模型）上设置圆弧形凸槽诱导结构并以其为研究对象,建立以凸槽个数及其半径为设计变量, 以比吸能(SEA)最大化和最大峰值碰撞力( )最小化的多目标优化模型。在保证不影响薄壁构件吸能能力的情况下,通过对其结构的优化达到最大峰值碰撞力最小化的目的。采用有限元软件LS-DYNA得到不同几何参数模型的碰撞信息,结合径向基函数法构造近似函数,并采用理想点法求解多目标优化问题。分析了凸槽个数和半径对薄壁构件的比吸能和最大峰值碰撞力的影响,得到了理想的优化模型,为进一步研究实际吸能元件奠定基础。     

A novel study of structural reliability analysis and optimization for super parametric convex model

Owing to the severe technological competition and high demand for safety estimation in complex physic and engineering systems, reliability analysis has drawn more and more attention. The regular non-probabilistic reliability analysis assumes that experimental data are enclosed by ellipse and rectangle; however, this appears inconsistent with various types of uncertain sources. In this article, a novel definition for non-probabilistic reliability is provided for structures based on super parameteric convex model, which is formulated as the ratio of the multidimensional volume located in the safety domain to that of the total super parametric volume. Subsequently, a sampling method is proposed based on Monte Carlo simulation as a reference algorithm. To improve the efficiency, a first-order calculation method is developed to solve the reliability model using a linear approximation of the limit state function. Furthermore, a second-order calculation method is constructed to improve the reliability calculation precision with high nonlinearity, and a new non-probabilistic reliability-based design optimization method is established accordingly. Six numerical examples are tested to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Topology optimization of thin‐walled box beam structures based on the higher‐order beam theory

The investigation aims to formulate ground‐structure based topology optimization approach by using a higher‐order beam theory suitable for thin‐walled box beam structures. While earlier studies use the Timoshenko or Euler beams to form a ground‐structure, they are not suitable for a structure consisting of thin‐walled closed beams. The higher‐order beam theory takes into an additional account sectional deformations of a thin‐walled box beam such as warping and distortion. Therefore, a method to connect ground beams at a joint and a technique to represent different joint connectivity states should be investigated for streamlined topology optimization. Several numerical case studies involving different loading and boundary conditions are considered to show the effectiveness of employing a higher‐order beam theory for the ground‐structure based topology optimization of thin‐walled box beam structures. Through the numerical results, this work shows significant difference between optimized beam layouts based on the Timoshenko beam theory and those based on a more accurate higher‐order beam theory for a structure consisting of thin‐walled box beams. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Shape morphing of laminated composite structures with photostrictive actuators via topology optimization

In this paper, a new design method is presented for achieving remote wireless shape morphing of laminated composite structures using topology optimization methods. A recently emerging family of smart materials, photostrictive materials, is introduced as the actuation discipline to implement the active control of optical structures by utilizing the photostriction mechanism, which arises from the superposition of photovoltaic effect and converse piezoelectric effect when exposed to the illumination of near ultraviolet light. In terms of the Mindlin plate theory of first-order shear deformation, a finite element formulation including multiphysics effects of photovoltaic, pyroelectric and thermal expansion is developed to model composite structures of ferroelectric materials polarized in 0–1 and 0–3 directions, respectively. The design is formulated as a multi-constrained optimization problem with a least square objective function to minimize structural shape errors. The topology optimization method is used as a systematic design approach to seek the optimal topologies of material layouts for both the photostrictive and host layers as well as the actuator light distribution. In terms of design sensitivity analysis, many gradient-based optimization algorithms can be applied to solve the problem effectively. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in the field of active photonic control of laminated composite structures.     

不同位移边界条件下钢筋混凝土深梁拓扑优化

为了探讨位移边界条件对钢筋混凝土深梁拓扑优化的影响,同时为深梁设计提供有效的力学理论依据,以ANSYS有限元分析软件为平台,利用其参数化设计语言的二次开发功能,并借助具有直观高效拓扑寻优能力的渐进演化类算法,分别对4根支座约束条件不同的双侧开洞深梁、4根开洞情形不同的两端固定铰支深梁以及3根支座约束与开洞情形均有一定差别的连续深梁进行拓扑优化,并对不同拓扑解进行对比分析。结果表明：集中力作用下深梁的拓扑解均近似为杆系结构,提高支座约束程度可以使传力路径增加,传力方式更直接;当深梁因工程原因或功能需求而不得不设置洞口时,洞口位置离原传力路径越远则越有利于结构内部的传力;连续深梁与单跨深梁的拓扑解的主要差别体现在中支座处的梁顶拉杆上,这些拉杆能够提高结构的整体刚度。因此,在工程设计中,针对不同位移边界条件下的钢筋混凝土深梁,可以根据它们拓扑解的差异以及造成这些差异的力学机理,采取不同的设计方案,包括支座约束、开洞情形以及配筋方式等的选取。研究结果可为深梁这类复杂受力构件的设计提供力学理论依据。     

Topology optimization with multiple materials via moving morphable component (MMC) method

With the fast development of additive manufacturing technology, topology optimization involving multiple materials has received ever increasing attention. Traditionally, this kind of optimization problem is solved within the implicit solution framework by using the Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization or level set method. This treatment, however, will inevitably lead to a large number of design variables especially when many types of materials are involved and 3‐dimensional (3D) problems are considered. This is because for each type of material, a corresponding density field/level function defined on the entire design domain must be introduced to describe its distribution. In the present paper, a novel approach for topology optimization with multiple materials is established based on the Moving Morphable Component framework. With use of this approach, topology optimization problems with multiple materials can be solved with much less numbers of design variables and degrees of freedom. Numerical examples provided demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

An inverse reliability analysis method for reliability-based design optimization with random and dependent interval variables constrained within ellipsoids

In practical design problems, interval variables exist. Many existing methods can handle only independent interval variables. Some interval variables, however, are dependent. In this work, dependent interval variables constrained within a multi-ellipsoid convex set are considered and incorporated into reliability-based design optimization (RBDO). An efficient RBDO method is proposed by employing the sequential single-loop procedure, which separates the coupled reliability analysis procedure from the deterministic optimization procedure. In the reliability analysis procedure, a single-loop optimization for the inverse reliability analysis is performed, and an efficient inverse reliability analysis method for searching for the worst-case most probable point (WMPP) is developed. The search method contains two stages. The first stage deals the situation where the WMPP is on the boundary of the feasible region, while the second stage accommodates the situation where the WMPP is inside the feasible region by interpolation. Three examples are used for a demonstration.     

A stress-influence-function with adaptive strength feature approach for stress constrained continuum topology optimization via small-loop sequential strategy

Recently, the stress-influence-function (SIF) approach is presented for stress constrained continuum topology optimization. The SIF approach provides an alternative for continuum topology optimization with stress constraints. However, the SIF approach is not good at controlling the maximum stress of the elements compared to the conventional approach. In the study, the stress-influence-function with adaptive strength feature (SIF-ASF) approach via small-loop sequential strategy is proposed to achieve better control on the maximum elemental stress. First, the stress constrained continuum topology optimization formulation is given and the SIF approach is briefly introduced. Then the SIF-ASF approach is proposed for stress constrained continuum topology optimization, in which the strength feature in the stress influence function is adjusted in each iterative step of the optimization process. The adjoint-vector based sensitivity analysis to the design variables is further discussed. Three numerical examples are given to illustrate the applicability and validity of the proposed SIF-ASF approach. It is shown that the proposed SIF-ASF approach can achieve better control on the maximum elemental stress than the SIF approach. Moreover, the proposed SIF-ASF approach may obtain a lighter structure than the conventional approach.