应用于交通信息检测雷达的阵列天线设计

介绍了一种应用于交通信息检测中多普勒雷达前端的K波段64阵元微带双天线,该天线采用并联形式馈电,通过对天线互耦的分析,电抗补偿和减小耦合等方面的改进,满足了天线性能和尺寸等实际应用的需求。双天线衬底背面固定集成雷达收发前端和中频信号处理电路。经过对天线和整个系统前端的测试表明:天线在工作频点,回波损耗低于-20dB,最大增益为25.2dB,E面、H面半功率波瓣宽度为8.1°和6.3°,其仿真和测试结果较好吻合。整个雷达前端在实际外场测试中检测准确灵敏,并在实际智能交通系统工程中得到了很好的应用。     

三维空间MIMO信道接收天线阵列互耦效应及系统容量分析

针对非频率选择性瑞利衰落MIMO(multiple-input multiple-output)信道,建立了接收天线阵列的三维空间信道模型,将MIMO的一般信道建模推广到三维空间域。在建模过程中利用天线阵列在互耦效应下的等效网络模型,推导出三维空间域模型下的互耦相关性的通用表达式,阐明了互耦效应下相关性与无互耦相关性之间的关系。应用通用表达式分析了当接收端为不同的天线阵列结构时,入射信号的中心到达角和角度扩展分别对于在互耦效应下信道容量的影响。分析结果验证了不同的角度扩展对于互耦相关性的影响,揭示了在互耦效应下影响系统容量的主要因素为入射信号的平均中心到达角。     

基于软件无线电原理VOR信号解调与仿真

通过简要介绍VOR系统原理及信号特性,基于软件无线电原理对VOR信号解调作了较详细的分析,其中包括基准相位信号解调、可变相位信号的解调,实现角度及音频信息的解算,并进行了系统仿真,对影响信号解调精度的因素做了分析,为VOR接收机的设计提供了依据。     

一种可用于卫星导航抗干扰天线的降耦方法

针对基于功率倒置算法的空时自适应抗干扰技术中天线阵元间互耦误差严重恶化算法性能这一问题,分析比较了目前常见的应对解决方案,并提出一种新的可用于抗干扰卫星导航终端的天线阵列降耦方法。该方法通过在卫星导航抗干扰天线阵列中加载电磁谐振吸波器,降低天线阵元间互耦。实验数据表明,利用该方法可以使阵元间互耦降低10 dB,使抗干扰接收机最大抑制干信比提升5 dB。     

互耦效应对超大规模MIMO天线系统信道容量的影响

超大规模多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)天线系统是6G的关键技术,由于天线单元间距很小,多个天线单元的互耦效应是影响其性能的因素之一。建立了基于石墨烯基贴片天线阵列-子阵列架构的超大规模MIMO天线系统,推导出了互耦效应影响下的信道容量表达式。通过电磁场数值计算仿真了超大规模MIMO天线系统的信道容量,结果表明,在不考虑互耦效应时,超大规模MIMO天线系统的信道容量与子阵列天线单元数、子阵列数以及发射机功率正相关;在互耦效应的影响下,系统的信道容量降低,互耦效应的强弱与子阵列天线单元的间距有关,天线单元间间距越小,相邻天线间的互耦效应越明显,系统的信道容量越小。该仿真结果可以为6G中超大规模MIMO天线系统的设计提供参考。     

一种缝隙耦合二元贴片天线的设计

设计并制作了一种移动载体上安装的方位面宽波束的二元微带天线阵,采用了缝隙耦合馈电的形式展宽带宽。为了提高增益而采用微带二元阵。通过调节贴片宽度、地板宽度,实现方位面的宽波束。并对其特性进行了仿真和测试。测试结果与仿真结果达到了较好的一致性,证明了设计方法的有效性。     

共享孔径交错稀疏阵列天线互耦误差建模与校正

共享孔径交错稀疏阵列天线是实现多功能阵列天线的有效途径。现有的参数化互耦消除方法都是针对均匀阵列天线展开的,其研究的互耦矩阵都是规则的方阵,对共享孔径交错稀疏阵列天线的互耦矩阵模型并不适用。在充分考虑共享孔径交错稀疏阵列天线中子阵内互耦的“稀疏”和“方位依赖”的特殊性后,通过将常规的互耦矩阵扩展表示为“非方”的“增广互耦矩阵”来对交错稀疏阵列天线子阵内和子阵间的耦合效应进行建模,并通过“增广互耦矩阵”的参数化估计最终实现了共享孔径交错稀疏阵列天线互耦误差的建模与校正。仿真结果证实了所提方法的有效性和可行性。     

一种三单元新型宽波束扫描电控无源阵列天线

通过电抗加载来控制方向图主瓣指向的天线称为电控无源阵列天线,简称ESPAR天线.提出了一种三单元H形缝隙耦合馈电贴片ESPAR相控阵天线,该天线通过分别改变加在两侧寄生辐射贴片馈电端的直流控制电压来改变相应的电抗加载值,从而使其实现宽波束扫描.给出了该天线的详细分析,以及电磁仿真结果,结果表明,该天线在H面上能实现-30°～30°的宽波束扫描.     

存在共道干扰的多径衰落环境中手机双天线系统性能研究

将城市室外电波传播模型、手机天线本征激励方向图以及信号合并方式相结合,建立了分析在具有共道干扰的多径衰落环境中手机双天线系统的性能模型。用这一模型研究了采用最优合并方式的手机上双单极子天线系统的性能,分析了合并性能受共道干扰强度、天线互耦以及机身的影响。     

Impact of transmit antenna spacing on 2x1 Alamouti radio transmission

It is a common belief that multiple transmit antennas have to be placed far apart in order to avoid undesired effects such as mutual coupling, changing beampatterns, antenna mismatching losses, and correlation. The following radio communication setup is considered: two lambda/4-monopole ground-plane transmit antennas, a single receive antenna, 4QAM modulation, Alamouti space-time coding, uncoded single carrier transmission at 2.4 GHz, indoor scenario. By measurements, the impact of very low transmit antenna spacing on the average uncoded BER over transmit-power performance of such a radio link, therefore accounting for all losses in the transmission chain, is examined. The common belief that multiple transmit antennas have to be placed far apart cannot be confirmed     

基于小型阵列试验的相控阵单元互耦特性研究

相控阵天线辐射单元的互耦特性对天线整体性能有着重要影响,而互耦与具体单元形式相关,因此模型复杂, 难以精确计算和预测。在阵元的小型阵列试验过程中,采用互耦测试的方法,对准八木振子、微带贴片、Vivaldi 单元 等几种典型宽带相控阵单元的互耦特性进行了实验研究,结果表明互耦对不同类型的单元影响大不相同,对单元特性 不仅有传统认为的负面作用,还可能有改善性能的作用,分析结果可供相控阵天线设计时参考;同时,利用测试数据 分析了小型试验阵列的规模对结果的影响,提出了小型阵列的规模依据。     

导抗圆图计算与广播电视网络匹配传输设计(1)

在广播电视网络匹配传输系统设计计算中，广泛应用以电阻、电导、电抗与电纳等构成的高频阻抗匹配网络，如在射频与微波领域，发射设备的级间耦合电路，末级功率放大与馈线间的调配网络等。当需要匹配的阻抗为实数阻抗时，网络的设计计算比较简单。但是，当需要匹配阻抗的电抗部分不容忽略，如晶体管在高频下的应用，或与发射天线匹配时，则数学计算公式变得较繁杂。现在介绍一种既适用于实数阻抗间又适用于实数与复数阻抗间的集中参数网络匹配的图解导抗圆图设计计算方法。通过理论分析，用大量设计实例说明导抗圆图因为比较方便、灵活、高效、快速，将成为广播电视网络匹配传输设计计算工程中一种标准的设计工具。     

Comparison of mutual coupling of blade antennas with predictionsbased on minimum-scattering antenna theory

The utility of the minimum-scattering antenna model in describing the mutual coupling between two L-band aircraft blade antennas is examined. The communication and sensor requirements of many aircraft, particularly those used by the military, frequently necessitate antennas being placed in close proximity to one another. For such cases, the relatively simple minimum-scattering antenna model provides a very good approximation of the measured mutual coupling of blade antennas and eliminates the need for solving coupled integral equations     

Reactively Steered Ring Antenna Array for Automotive Application

A novel type of smart antenna, called a reactively steered ring antenna array (RSRAA), is proposed. The antenna features a conformal configuration with three overlapping one-wavelength ring elements. Directivity can be controlled by changing the values of variable reactance circuits that are embedded in the antenna. The antenna can be mounted on the windshield of an automobile without interfering with the view of the driver. An equivalent model of six dipole elements is derived from the original antenna configuration to enable simple calculation of directivity when a set of reactance values is given. The validity of the proposed equivalent model is confirmed by comparing simulation results calculated by the equivalent model and by the method of moments. Another simulation shows that the conventional reactance domain multiple signal classification algorithm can be applied to the proposed antenna while keeping the estimated direction-of-arrival number equal to the number of reactance circuits. In addition, the characteristics of an RSRAA, which is optimized at 2.4 GHz and is mounted on an automobile, are measured in an anechoic chamber, and directivity control is found to be implemented effectively.     

New commutated Doppler microwave landing system

A new design for a double sideband commutated Doppler system for landing aircraft is proposed. It is capable of providing angular information in elevation and azimuth by the measurement of a Doppler frequency. Furthermore, it offers the possibility of detecting and correcting any multipath error present in the Doppler signal.     

空时超分辨方法在高频地波超视距雷达中的应用

本文研究了一种新的高频地波超视距雷达目标距离以及方位角超分辨问题.在该雷达系统中,各个发射阵元采用不同的发射载频,因此目标回波信号中存在目标距离与方位角的耦合,本文提出利用这种耦合关系,采用MUSIC(Multiple Signal Classification)算法获得目标距离以及方位角的超分辩,从而提高在多目标环境下测距、测角精度.仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性.     

Investigations into a wideband spatial beamformer employing a rectangular array of planar monopoles

This paper presents a rectangular array antenna with a suitable signal-processing algorithm that is able to steer the beam in azimuth over a wide frequency band. In the previous approach, which was reported in the literature, an inverse discrete Fourier transform technique was proposed for obtaining the signal weighting coefficients. This approach was demonstrated for large arrays in which the physical parameters of the antenna elements were not considered. In this paper, a modified signal-weighting algorithm that works for arbitrary-size arrays is described. Its validity is demonstrated in examples of moderate-size arrays with real antenna elements. It is shown that in some cases, the original beam-forming algorithm fails, while the new algorithm is able to form the desired radiation pattern over a wide frequency band. The performance of the new algorithm is assessed for two cases when the mutual coupling between array elements is both neglected and taken into account.     

Compensating for the mutual coupling effect in a normal-mode helical antenna array for adaptive ing

A practical normal-mode helical antenna array together with a new method for the compensation of the mutual coupling effect is proposed for the efficient adaptive ing of interferences in a mobile communication environment. The helical antenna array is shown to be able to generate deeper s than an equivalent monopole antenna array in the presence of the mutual coupling effect. The helical antenna elements are smaller in size and less susceptible to the mutual coupling effect than monopole antenna elements. The new method for compensation of the mutual coupling effect is shown to have a greater ability and flexibility than previous methods. A new definition of mutual impedance is introduced and used to find the coupling-free signal voltages across the antenna terminal loads. Numerical examples demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed adaptive array and the new compensation method.     

考虑互耦影响下的智能天线数字波束赋形

本文分析了阵列单元之间的互耦对智能天线阵列数字波束赋形（DBF）的影响。通过对天线子系统建立等效接收模型，对由理想半波振子组成的8单元圆阵（用于TD-SCDMA系统）进行矩量法（MOM）分析，得到表征单元之间互耦的广义阻抗矩阵，由此得到智能天线的互耦信息及其对天线性能（SINR）的影响。通过数值分析结果与试验的结果与对比可以看出互耦对副瓣电平和智能天线抑制干扰的能力有一定的影响。本文的分析对智能天线的研究具有一定意义。     

Optimization of Antenna Array Structures in Mobile Handsets

A study of the capacity of multiple-element antenna systems is presented with particular emphasis on the effects of mutual coupling between the antenna elements. As the total size of the array is often fixed and limited, the correlation of fading as well as the mutual coupling of two elements separated in index by some value$l$increases. In this paper, at first with the assumption that the length of the linear array of antenna elements and the number of antenna elements at the receiver are fixed, the capacity with coding, without coding, and the symbol error rate (SER) of space-time coding are investigated. The results obtained show that for the mean signal to noise ratio at the receiver of$rho = 20$dB, the linear array of three antenna elements is the optimum choice if the total length of the array is in the range of$0.3lambda$–$0.86lambda$, while in the case of channel state information (CSI), this range is$0.25lambda$–$0.6lambda$. The effects of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and number of the base station antenna elements on the capacity of the fixed-length linear arrays are also discussed. Next, it is assumed that the number of antenna elements at the transmitter and receiver are equal. Simulation results show the number of antenna elements for maximizing the capacity.