卫星移动通信信道特性与模型研究

从多径效应、阴影效应、多普勒效应和电离层闪烁等方面具体分析了卫星移动通信信道传输特性,并从单状态统计模型和多状态统计模型两方面详细介绍了瑞利信道模型、莱斯信道模型、对数正态衰落信道模型、Loo模型、Corazza模型、Lutz两状态信道模型和五状态M arkov信道模型,最后对未来卫星移动通信信道模型研究做了展望。     

超宽带信道仿真及分析

超宽带信道模型中多径分量的到达采用了两个泊松随机过程,各径幅度衰落服从对数正态分布,对模型的仿真和分析结果表明:超宽带信道中存在较多可分离的多径分量,通过Rake接收技术对这些多径分量有效的合并,能提高超宽带系统的性能,由于多径信号衰落的非递减性,采用选择Rake技术的性能优于部分Rake.     

动目标显示器杂波检测损耗

本文从检测损耗观点出发研究了瑞利和对数正态杂波的非递归正交信道动目标显示器(MTI)滤波器的检测性能。给出了瑞利杂波的检测损耗公式,并且绘出了正态杂波典型情况的曲线。     

战场沙尘环境中三毫米波通信的研究

本文给出了模拟战场沙尘环境中，沙尘对三毫米波通信产生的衰减和通信误码率的测量结果。推导了正态对数分布的沙径分布状态下沙尘产生的裹减理论公式。根据现场测量的沙径的统计参数和通信信道的信嗓比，从理论上计算得到沙尘产生的衰减及通信误码率。     

基于虚拟仪器的数据链测试模拟器研制

针对传统数据链测试设备功能单一且不易重构的问题,借鉴虚拟仪器模块化的设计思想,设计实现了一种基于美国国家仪器公司（National Instruments,NI）通用软件无线电平台的数据链测试模拟器。该模拟器采用线性调频信号叠加（Sum of Linear Frequency Modulation,SoLFM）的方法高效产生具备连续相位的时变信道衰落,包括瑞利衰落、莱斯衰落和对数正态衰落等,并结合多相滤波思想能够精确模拟数据链长时延的多径传播场景。利用矢量网络分析仪对硬件模拟器输出的信道传递函数和信道冲激响应进行实测验证,并对各支路的随机信道衰落包络分布进行统计验证。实测结果表明,该数据链测试模拟器输出的信道函数和统计分布均与理论值吻合,因而可用于数据链装备的系统优化、验证和性能评估。     

基于NI USRP-RIO平台的MIMO-OFDM信道估计研究与实现

基于NI通用软件无线电平台(USRP-RIO),完成了MIMO-OFDM通信系统物理层设计,重点编写了信道估计相关的LabVIEW程序,分析并验证了经典频域LS信道估计和时域LS信道估计算法的性能。测试数据表明,在基于对数距离路径损耗模型的莱斯衰落信道环境下,时域LS信道估计误码性能优于频域LS信道估计,这一结果和理论分析相吻合,并且验证了系统实现的正确性。     

一种基于信道质量分布的极化码打孔算法

传统的打孔算法在选择打孔位时忽略了极化信道的分布特征。因此，文中分析了信道对数似然比的分布特征，提出了一种新的分段选择策略来选择打孔位。该策略利用信道质量分布进行分段，并通过比较对数似然比之和选取打孔比特。最后，提出了一种基于信道质量分布的打孔算法。实验结果表明，该算法可以有效提高打孔性能。     

MMSE信道估计下的软输出MMSE MIMO检测算法

信道编码的MIMO无线通信系统中,MIMO信号检测器需要输出编码比特的对数似然比,以获得更好的误码率性能.现有的软输出MMSE MIMO检测算法基于理想信道估计得到,在实际信道估计下会导致性能损失.本文针对MMSEMIMO信道估计,基于MMSE信道估计的统计特性,推导了考虑信道估计误差影响的新的软输出MMSE MIMO检测算法.仿真结果表明,相对于现有的软输出MMSE MIMO检测算法,所提出的算法可以显著降低由于信道估计误差导致的残留误码平层,而增加的计算复杂度可以忽略不计;同时,所提算法对信道估计误差方差的相对误差不敏感,具有实际应用的价值.     

无线移动通信系统中的高效信道借用算法研究

本文将固定信道分配(Fixed Channel Assignment)和动态信道分配(Dynamic Channel Assignment)相结合,提出了一种高效信道借用算法HEBCA(High Efficiency Channel Borrowing Algorithm).它利用预期信道可用率(Expected Future Channel Availability Rate)衡量信道借用对周围小区的影响,针对信道借用发生和信道借用结束设计了两种重排操作.计算机仿真表明,本算法的阻塞概率低于BDCL(Borrowing with Directional Channel Locking),对改善FCA在业务量低端的性能很有帮助.本算法的信道重排比率(Channel Reallocation Ratio)也明显低于BDCL.     

MIMO-OFDM系统导频辅助的信道估计

以MIMO—OFDM系统为研究对象，通过设计正交导频进行导频辅助信道估计，对数据点的信道响应进行线性内插、三次样条插值和二次曲线拟合算法，并通过Matlab进行计算机仿真，对这些算法的BER性能进行比较。结果表明：随着信噪比（SNR）的增加，三次样条（Spline）内插和线性内插性能要远好于二次曲线拟合导频估计方法。     

BER Performance of Free-Space Optical Transmission with Spatial Diversity

Free space optical (FSO) communications is a cost-effective and high bandwidth access technique, which has been receiving growing attention with recent commercialization successes. A major impairment in FSO links is the turbulence- induced fading which severely degrades the link performance. To mitigate turbulence-induced fading and, therefore, to improve the error rate performance, spatial diversity can be used over FSO links which involves the deployment of multiple laser transmitters/receivers. In this paper, we investigate the bit error rate (BER) performance of FSO links with spatial diversity over log- normal atmospheric turbulence fading channels, assuming both independent and correlated channels among transmitter/receiver apertures. Our analytical derivations build upon an approximation to the sum of correlated log-normal random variables. The derived BER expressions quantify the effect of spatial diversity and possible spatial correlations in a log-normal channel.     

BER Performance of FSO Links over Strong Atmospheric Turbulence Channels with Pointing Errors

In this letter, we investigate the error rate performance of free-space optical (FSO) links over strong turbulence fading channels together with misalignment (pointing error) effects. First, we present a novel closed-form expression for the distribution of a stochastic FSO channel model which takes into account both atmospheric turbulence-induced fading and misalignment-induced fading. Then, we evaluate the average bit-error rate in closed form of a FSO system operating in this channel environment, assuming intensity modulation/direct detection with on-off keying. Numerical examples are further provided to collaborate on the derived analytical expressions.     

一种适用于大气弱湍流信道的极化纠错编码调制方案

针对服从对数正态分布的大气弱湍流信道模型,基于高斯近似的方法计算分析信道的极化现象,提出了一种适用于大气弱湍流信道的极化编码调制方案,并对其性能进行了仿真分析.不同湍流强度下采用串行抵消译码算法时的仿真结果表明,相比于递归构造方案,文中所提方案在达到1e-5误码率时可获得大约1.0dB到1.4dB的编码增益提升.对极化码分别采用开关键控（OOK）调制与脉冲位置调制（PPM）时的仿真结果表明,采用2-PPM的极化编码调制方案可有效提升无线光通信链路在弱湍流条件下的译码纠错性能.     

Performance analysis of a variable‐gain amplify‐and‐forward relayed mixed RF‐FSO system

In this work, an amplify‐and‐forward variable‐gain relayed mixed RF‐FSO system is studied. The considered dual‐hop system consists of a radio frequency (RF) link followed by a free space optical (FSO) channel. The RF link is affected by short‐term multipath fading and long‐term shadowing effects and is assumed to follow the generalized‐K fading distribution that approximates accurately several important distributions often used to model communication channels. The FSO channel experiences fading caused by atmospheric turbulence that is modeled by the gamma‐gamma distribution characterizing moderate and strong turbulence conditions. The FSO channel also suffers path loss and pointing error induced misalignment fading. The performance of the considered system is analyzed under the collective influence of distribution shaping parameters, pointing errors that result in misalignment fading, atmospheric turbulence, and path loss. The moment‐generating function of the Signal power to noise power ratio measured end‐to‐end for this system is derived. The cumulative distribution function for the Signal power to noise power ratio present between the source and destination receiver is also evaluated. Further, we investigate the error and outage performance and the average channel capacity for this system. The analytical expressions in closed form for the outage probability, symbol and bit error rate considering different modulation schemes and channel capacity are also derived. The mathematical expressions obtained are also demonstrated by numerical plots.     

Error rate performance analysis of coded free-space optical links over gamma-gamma atmospheric turbulence channels

Error control coding can be used over free-space optical (FSO) links to mitigate turbulence-induced fading. In this paper, we derive error performance bounds for coded FSO communication systems operating over atmospheric turbulence channels, considering the recently introduced gamma-gamma turbulence model. We derive a pairwise error probability (PEP) expression and then apply the transfer function technique in conjunction with the derived PEP to obtain upper bounds on the bit error rate. Simulation results are further demonstrated to confirm the analytical results.     

Error rate performance of coded free-space optical links over strong turbulence channels

Error control coding can be used over free-space optical (FSO) links to mitigate turbulence-induced fading. We present error rate performance bounds for coded FSO communication systems operating over atmospheric turbulence channels, which are modeled as a correlated K distribution under strong turbulence conditions. We derive an upper bound on the pairwise error probability (PEP) and then apply the union-bound technique in conjunction with the derived PEP to obtain upper bounds on the bit error rate. Simulation results are further demonstrated to verify the analytical results.     

Approximation to the symmetric capacity of Rayleigh fading channels with multi-level signals

A simple approximation for the symmetric capacity of Rayleigh fading channels with finite input alphabet and ideal channel state information is proposed in this letter. This approximation is quite tight over all SNR ranges and can be considered as a good alternative for estimating the symmetric channel capacity for both AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels.     

Performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation in asymmetrical dual-hop mixed RF-FSO transmission system

This paper investigates the performance of a dual-hop mixed relay system with radio frequency (RF) and free-space optics (FSO) communication under the effect of pointing error (PE) and atmospheric turbulence (AT). This paper considers a system where RF and FSO links are cascaded. The RF link is modeled by Nakagami-m fading, and the FSO link is modeled as gamma–gamma (G-G) fading channel. Both the channel models use orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The expressions for probability density function, cumulative distribution function, signal-to-noise ratio, and ergodic capacity are derived. The moment generating function (MGF) of fading and the bit error rate (BER) of the OFDM-based M-ary QAM scheme is derived in terms of Meijer's G-function. It has been observed that, in fixed gain relay systems, the modulation scheme's BER is dominated by the SNR of the RF link. While in a variable gain relay system, the turbulence conditions of the FSO system affect the SNR and the BER of the modulation method. The feasibility of heterodyne detection and intensity modulation direct detection (IM/DD) is analyzed in terms of outage probability and ergodic capacity. The results can be used to choose the optimal modulation order and relay system for QAM-OFDM-based optical wireless systems.     

Performance of antenna diversity multiuser receivers in CDMA channels with imperfect fading estimation

The performance of antenna diversity coherent and differentially coherent linear multiuser receivers is analyzed in frequency-nonselective Rayleigh fading CDMA channels with memory. The estimates of the complex fading processes are utilized for maximal-ratio combining and carrier recovery of the coherent multiuser receiver. To analyze the impact of channel estimation errors on the receiver performance, error probability is assessed directly in terms of the fading rate and the number of active users, showing the penalty imposed by imperfect channel estimation as well as the fading-induced error probability floor. The impact of fading dynamics on the differentially coherent decorrelating receiver with equal-gain combining is quantified. While performance of multiuser receivers at lower SNR is determined by both the fading dynamics and the number of active CDMA users, performance at higher SNR is given by an error probability floor which is due to fading only and has the same value as in a single-user case. The comparison of the two receiver structures indicates that the coherent decorrelating receiver with diversity reception may be preferable to the differentially coherent one in nonselective fading CDMA channels with memory.