冷轧TiNi合金的阻尼行为研究

研究了冷轧变形对TiNi合金阻尼行为的影响,探讨了冷轧变形影响阻尼特性的微观机制.结果表明,当应变振幅较低时,形变马氏体的阻尼值随频率的增加先急剧下降至一定值后趋于稳定;当应变振幅较高时,频率对阻尼值的影响较小;当振动频率一定时,形变马氏体的阻尼值随应变振幅的增加而下降至一定值,随振幅的继续增大其阻尼值趋于稳定.形变马氏体的高阻尼特性主要归因于外力作用下马氏体孪晶界面及位错的往复运动.     

γ/ε双相Fe-19Mn合金在拉伸变形过程中的组织演变和加工硬化行为

采用OM、EBSD、TEM、XRD和拉伸实验等方法,研究了γ-奥氏体/ε-马氏体双相Fe-19Mn-0.0017C(质量分数,%)合金在拉伸变形过程中的组织演变和加工硬化行为。结果表明,Fe-19Mn发生了变形诱导马氏体相变,并且随着变形量的增加,相变过程由以γ→ε相变为主转变为以ε→α'相变为主。对比分析加工硬化率的变化与相含量的变化,表明ε→α'相变比γ→ε相变具有更高的加工硬化能力。同时,在变形过程中,ε-马氏体不仅发生了位错滑移,还形成了■孪晶,以满足ε-马氏体的变形协调。在γ→ε和ε→α'双重相变引起的相变诱导塑性(TRIP)效应、γ-奥氏体/ε-马氏体/α'-马氏体中的位错滑移,以及ε-马氏体的孪生变形等机制的共同作用下,Fe-19Mn的抗拉强度和总延伸率分别达到722 MPa和31%,显示出良好的强塑性匹配。     

冷变形对304奥氏体不锈钢组织及氢脆敏感性的影响

304奥氏体不锈钢是储氢的候选材料,其在冷变形过程中的氢脆敏感性存在争议.本文研究固溶态和两种冷变形状态下304奥氏体不锈钢的微观组织和氢脆敏感性.结果 表明:与固溶态的相比,冷轧304不锈钢产生了应变诱导马氏体及变形位错,强度增加,氢脆敏感性也增加;冷轧变形量越大,马氏体含量越多,强度越高,氢脆敏感性也越高.冷变形和...     

Inconel718合金的超塑性

Ｉｎｃｏｎｅｌ７１８合金在超塑拉伸变形过程中,随着初始应变速率ε的降低或变形温度Ｔ的升高,其流动应力σ降低、延伸率δ增加。同时,初始应变速率和变形温度影响奥氏体晶粒尺寸和析出相的分布。合金在超塑变形中,位错滑移起重要协调作用,使晶界滑动易于进行。     

NbCr2/ Nb合金高温力学行为

在800～1200℃的变形温度,0.001～0.1 s~(-1)的应变速率条件下对通过机械合金化+热压工艺制备的成分为Nb-22.5Cr的NbCr_2/Nb合金进行了高温压缩试验,研究了合金的高温力学行为,并通过透射电子显微镜观察分析了合金的变形机制。结果表明:NbCr_2/Nb合金的峰值强度随着变形温度的升高,应变速率的降低而下降。基体Nb的变形机制主要为位错的滑移;而NbCr_2的变形机制是通过层错、孪晶、不全位错等方式进行。     

Inconel718合金的超塑性

Ｉｎｃｏｎｅｌ７１８合金在超塑拉伸变形过程中,随着初始变速率ε降低或变形温度Ｔ的升高,其流动应为σ降低,延伸率δ增加。同时,初始应变速率和变形温度影响奥氏体晶粒尺寸和析出相的分布。合金在超塑变形中,位错滑移起重要协调作用,使晶界滑动易于进行。     

冷轧变形对Ni-43.5Ti-0.5V形状记忆合金超弹性和显微组织的影响

通过恢复率实验、拉伸实验和显微组织分析,研究冷轧变形对Ni-43.5Ti-0.5V形状记忆合金超弹性和显微组织的影响。结果表明:冷轧变形对NiTiV形状记忆合金超弹性具有显著影响。随变形量的增加,合金超弹性呈现先增加后减小的变化规律。当变形量大于15.4%后,大量位错产生,马氏体变体和形变孪晶组织增多且分布致密,起到强化母相、抑制滑移变形的作用,使合金超弹性显著提高。当变形量大于29.1%时,剧烈的组织畸变导致出现过饱和的高密度位错,促使组织非晶化,超弹性开始减小。当变形量在23%~25%范围内变化时,合金获得最佳的非线性超弹性。单独依靠冷轧变形不能使NiTiV合金呈现完全非线性超弹性。另外,恢复率实验能够改善合金的超弹性,并发现了超弹性的稳定性变化规律。     

高速撞击Ti44Ni47Nb9合金相变行为及力学性能研究

针对TiNi基合金在空间使役环境可靠性评价的迫切需求,开展高速撞击TiNi基合金马氏体相变、微观组织结构及力学性能研究。采用火药炮对Ti_(44)Ni_(47)Nb_9进行高速撞击,撞击速度为1020m/s,并对高速撞击后Ti_(44)Ni_(47)Nb_9合金3个不同方向的结构与性能进行测试。结果表明,沿撞击方向没有发生相变,与撞击方向呈45°和垂直于撞击方向的相变峰均向低温区偏移。弹坑底部以及侧壁出现大量裂纹,在TiNi基体中发现马氏体板条,同时在β-Nb粒子和TiNi基体中观察到大量位错。弹坑附近的硬度最高,随着与弹坑距离的增加,硬度降低,这可能是由于加工硬化及撞击能量分布不均匀而引起的。     

TiNi合金不完全相变的温度记忆效应

通过示差扫描量热分析(DSC)研究了预应变及约束条件下TiNi形状记忆合金的温度记忆效应．结果表明，通过变形约束手段，可以大大拓宽TiNi合金的相变温度区间，使得TiNi合金的温度记忆效应能够在一个非常大的温度范围内发挥作用；同时，变形并约束后TiNi合金的温度记忆效应比自由态TiNi合金的温度记忆效应更加准确．分析表明，马氏体与母相界面处的位错以及界面处的弹性自适应过程是可能的温度记忆效应机制。     

预变形对Fe-Mn合金层错几率和阻尼性能的影响

探讨了Fe-Mn合金的高阻尼机制并采用G-L位错脱钉模型对其进行描述,同时通过测定层错几率,揭示了预变形(0-10%)对Re-Mn合金阻尼性能影响的本质.采用倒扭摆测试合金的阻尼性能,SEM和TEM观察显微组织,XRD测定物相体积分数和层错几率.结果表明,Fe-Mn合金的高阻尼性能来源于层错界面上Shockley不全位错的脱钉运动,实验结果很好地符合G-L位错脱钉模型;预变形量小于4%时,预变形处理虽然对合金的ε马氏体量没有太大影响,但明显增加了其层错几率,即Shockley不全位错的数量,合金的阻尼性能随变形量增加逐渐提高;预变形量大于4%时,由于ε马氏体和层错的相互交割,增大了Shockley不全位错的脱钉难度,所以合金的阻尼性能随变形量增加逐渐下降.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。