含咪唑啉磷酸酯的复配缓蚀剂对Q235钢的缓蚀行为研究

将自制咪唑啉磷酸酯盐与KI复配,采用失重法、极化曲线和交流阻抗法研究了该缓蚀剂在1mol/L HCl水溶液中对Q235钢的缓蚀行为,探讨了其在Q235钢表面的吸附行为。结果表明：该缓蚀剂在1mol/L HCl水溶液中对Q235钢为混合偏阴极型缓蚀剂;缓蚀率随缓蚀剂浓度的增大而增加;该缓蚀剂在Q235钢表面的吸附模式遵循Langmuir吸附。     

2-吡啶甲醛缩4-苯基氨基硫脲席夫碱在盐酸溶液中对Q235钢的缓蚀作用

合成了一种吡啶席夫碱衍生物,2-吡啶甲醛缩4-苯基氨基硫脲席夫碱(PCPTC),并采用失重法、电化学阻抗谱法和极化曲线法研究了PCPTC对Q235钢在1 mol/L HCl溶液的缓蚀作用。结果表明:PCPTC对Q235钢在1mol/L HCl溶液中具有优良的缓蚀效果,是一种混合型缓蚀剂;当缓蚀剂浓度达到0.5 mmol/L时,缓蚀率达到93.6%;PCPTC在Q235钢表面的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式;扫描电镜(SEM)观察表明,PCPTC可以有效保护Q235钢。     

TX-100与MBI复配体系对Q235钢的缓蚀性能

目的 通过分析曲拉通（TX-100）与2-巯基苯并咪唑（MBI）复配体系在酸性介质中对Q235钢的缓蚀情况,获得缓蚀效果最佳条件,如两者的配比、浓度等,分析其缓蚀效果和机理。方法 采用静态失重法对缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能进行了初步判定,用极化曲线法和交流阻抗法进一步研究缓蚀机理和效率,通过SEM和XPS对不同情况下的碳钢进行表面形貌观察和表面成分分析,采用综合分析法研究混合缓蚀剂对碳钢表面的缓蚀机理。结果 保持混合缓蚀剂总浓度2×10?4 mol/L,TX-100和MBI以不同摩尔比混合时,随着TX-100摩尔分数α(TX-100)的增加,缓蚀效率增大。当α(TX-100)=50%时,缓蚀效果达到90%,继续增大α(TX-100),缓蚀效率减小。当TX-100和MBI等摩尔混合时,随着总浓度的增大,缓蚀效率增大。当达到2×10?4 mol/L时,再增大缓蚀剂的总浓度,缓蚀效率没有明显增大,且达到90%以上。分析表明,两种缓蚀剂TX-100和MBI之间存在分子间相互作用,使其在Q235钢表面形成致密牢固的保护层,且混合物属于控制阴极反应为主的混合型抑制剂。结论 经过优选TX-100和MBI混合缓蚀剂的配比和浓度,降低了MBI的用量和缓蚀剂的应用成本,同时为金属防腐奠定了理论基础。     

苯胺四聚体聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物在盐酸介质中对Q235钢的缓蚀性能

目的研究苯胺四聚体PEG两亲性嵌段共聚物(PEG-TA)对Q235钢在1 mol/L HCl介质中的缓蚀性能。方法采用静态失重测试、电化学测试、腐蚀表面形貌分析研究了自制的PEG-TA在1 mol/L HCl介质中对Q235钢的缓蚀性能,并探讨了其在Q235钢表面的吸附行为。结果红外和紫外表征表明,氨基封端苯胺四聚体和聚乙二醇为原料成功合成了两亲性嵌段共聚物PEG-TA。极化曲线研究表明,PEG-TA的加入明显可以抑制Q235钢在1 mol/L HCl介质中的腐蚀,且随着PEG-TA浓度的增加,缓蚀效果越好,在25℃的实验温度范围内,质量浓度为30 mg/L时,PEG-TA的缓蚀效率可以达到93.97%,属于阴极抑制为主的混合型缓蚀剂。电化学阻抗图谱研究表明,随着PEG-TA浓度的增加,Q235钢表面腐蚀反应的电荷转移电阻和膜电阻逐渐增大,钢表面缓蚀剂的含量和覆盖率增加,腐蚀抑制性增强。PEG-TA缓蚀剂分子在Q235钢表面的吸附遵循Langmuir等温模型,并且属于物理和化学混合吸附。SEM研究证明,在1 mol/L HCl中,PEG-TA可有效地抑制碳钢的腐蚀。结论 PEG-TA在1 mol/L HCl中有效提高了Q235钢的耐蚀性,是一种高效环保的缓蚀剂。     

新型三唑衍生物缓蚀剂在HCl中的缓蚀性能

用失重法、电化学方法研究新型三唑衍生物在1 mol/L HCl中缓蚀性能以及在Q235-A钢表面的吸附行为.结果表明,新型三唑缓蚀剂是一种混合型缓蚀剂,在1 mol/L HCl溶液中最高缓蚀率达到95%以上,在Q235-A钢表面的吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温式,且吸附为吸热反应.     

2-氨基吡啶缩水杨醛席夫碱对Q235钢在盐酸介质中的缓蚀性能

合成了一种吡啶衍生物：2-氨基吡啶缩水杨醛席夫碱(PMP),并通过静态失重、动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱等方法,研究了其对Q235钢在1 mol/L HCl溶液中的缓蚀性能。结果表明,在(30±1) ℃下1 mol/L HCl溶液中,当PMP浓度达到15.0 mmol/L时,缓蚀效率为87.9%,是以阴极型为主的混合型缓蚀剂。PMP在Q235钢表面吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式,吸附过程包括物理吸附和化学吸附。     

Q235钢表面的超疏水吸附层形成与缓蚀研究

用新鲜荷叶作为研究对象,经过简便的乙醇回流萃取取得提取物。室温条件下,荷叶提取物能够在THF/HCl水溶液的混合溶液(体积比为1/1,1.0 mol/L HCl溶液)中产生聚集。傅立叶变换红外光谱以及X射线光电子能谱的结果证明了荷叶提取物在Q235钢样品表面发生化学作用,能够形成超疏水的吸附层。电化学结果表明荷叶提取物对碳钢在HCl溶液中具备良好的缓蚀性能,在0.4 g/L浓度下,最大缓蚀效率达到93.14%。     

羟丙基壳聚糖与表面活性剂的缓蚀协同效应

目的研究羟丙基壳聚糖(HPCS)与Tw-20、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)在1 mol/L HCl溶液中对Q235钢的协同缓蚀作用。方法进行Q235钢试片在1 mol/L HCl溶液中的腐蚀试验,通过失重法、动电位极化和电化学交流阻抗技术,分析HPCS及其与Tw-20,SDBS复配的缓蚀效果与机理。结果低浓度条件下,HPCS的缓蚀性能并不显著,100 mg/L时的缓蚀效率仅为63.03%,添加0.2 mg/L Tw-20可使50mg/L HPCS的缓蚀效率从51.73%提高到90.75%。当HPCS/Tw-20/SDBS以50,0.2,20 mg/L复配时,缓蚀效率高达93.77%,由于同时具备了非离子型和阴离子型表面活性剂的优点,其在60℃时缓蚀效率仍保持在71.11%。结论 Tw-20,SDBS对HPCS具有良好的协同缓蚀作用,HPCS/Tw-20和HPCS/Tw-20/SDBS复合缓蚀剂均为混合型缓蚀剂,作用机理为"几何覆盖效应"。     

2-吡啶甲醛缩氨基硫脲席夫碱在HCl溶液中对Q235钢的缓蚀作用

合成了2-吡啶甲醛缩氨基硫脲席夫碱(2-PCT)。采用失重法、动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱和扫描电子显微镜等方法研究了2-PCT在1mol·L-1 HCl溶液中对Q235钢的缓蚀作用。结果表明,2-PCT对Q235钢在HCl溶液中具有优良的缓蚀作用,当缓蚀剂浓度达到1mmol·L-1时,缓蚀率达到95.38%,其在Q235钢表面吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式。     

菟丝子提取物与碘化钾对冷轧钢在盐酸中的缓蚀协同效应

以寄生植物菟丝子(CCL)为原料，通过回流提取法从中提取制备出菟丝子提取物(CCLE)，通过失重法、动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测定CCLE和碘化钾(KI)复配后对冷轧钢在1.0 mol/L HCl溶液中的缓蚀协同效应。结果表明，CCLE对冷轧钢在HCl中有较好的缓蚀作用，最大缓蚀率为84.0%；其与KI复配后，最大缓释率可进一步提升到90.8%。缓蚀协同效应系数在各复配浓度和温度下均大于1。CCLE和CCLE/KI在冷轧钢表面均符合Langmuir吸附等温式，复配后的吸附平衡常数和标准吸附Gibbs自由能(ΔG0)绝对值进一步增大。CCLE和CCLE/KI复配均属于混合抑制型缓蚀剂，但复配后对阴阳两极的抑制作用进一步增强。Nyquist图谱呈现单一半圆容抗弧，CCLE和KI复配后，电荷转移电阻明显增大。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)表面形貌观察也表明，CCLE和KI复配后有效抑制了HCl对冷轧钢表面的腐蚀，两者存在缓蚀协同效应。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。