高温高压水环境下位移幅值对690合金传热管切向微动磨损的影响EI北大核心CSCD

由于试验装置的限制,在模拟工程服役环境的高温高压水环境下对三代核电用690合金管/405不锈钢抗振条(AVB)的高频微动磨损研究存在不足,影响了对核电厂蒸汽发生器传热管结构完整性评价的有效性。在模拟压水堆核电厂二回路高温高压水环境下,以690合金传热管为研究对象,开展高频切向微动磨损试验。试验研究不同位移幅值(D=20、30、40、80、120μm)对690合金管微动磨损行为的影响。试验结束后,借助扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和三维形貌仪对磨损区域进行形貌表征、能谱分析和磨损体积计算。试验结果表明:随着位移幅值的增加,磨损接触面积增大,磨损深度和磨损体积均增加,磨损加剧。当位移幅值较小时(D=20、30、40μm),磨屑不易排出接触面,多黏着在磨痕中心,磨损机制主要是黏着磨损;当位移幅值增加至80、120μm时,磨屑分布均匀,磨损机制向剥层磨损转变。随着磨损机制的转变,磨损率呈现先增加后降低的趋势,在D=80μm时,磨损率最大。通过更符合工程实际的高温高压水环境试验,对比了不同位移幅值下的传热管微动磨损性能,给出了磨损率随位移幅值变化的趋势,初步阐明了磨损机制,有利于核电装备的摩擦学性能提升,对核电厂690传热管的结构完整性评价有较好的指导作用。     

反应堆冷却剂环境对690合金传热管疲劳性能影响研究

针对核电站蒸汽发生器690合金传热管,通过在室温空气、高温空气以及模拟压水堆高温高压水环境下的疲劳性能测试,研究了环境介质对690合金传热管疲劳寿命的影响,并考察了溶解氧和应变速率等的影响规律,探讨了高温高压水环境下690合金传热管的腐蚀疲劳机理。结果表明,690合金传热管具有足够的疲劳设计安全裕度,且压水堆冷却剂环境对690合金传热管的疲劳寿命影响不明显;溶解氧和应变速率对690合金传热管的腐蚀疲劳寿命的影响也不敏感。推测690合金传热管在高温高压水中的腐蚀疲劳过程主要由膜破裂滑移/溶解机制控制。     

波动频率对X70钢焊接接头应力腐蚀行为的影响

研究了波动频率对X70管线钢焊接接头在阴极电位下的近中性介质中慢应变速率应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为.结果表明,X70钢在波动:拉伸载荷和阴极电位(-850 mVSCE)条件下,存在着一定的SCC敏感性.在波动拉伸载荷试验(F-SSRT)情况下,SCC裂纹的扩展机理与匀速慢拉伸试验(SSRT)时的裂纹扩展机理明显不同,SCC裂纹可以从材料表面产生的微孔处萌生并沿主应力面扩展,当载荷波动频率增大到一定程度时,SCC裂纹转变为沿45°最大剪应力面扩展.X70管线钢焊接接头阴极电位下近中性介质中SCC敏感部位为过热区.同时分析了氢在F.SSRT试样SCC过程中的作用和机理.     

碘对N18锆合金应力腐蚀开裂的影响

研究了再结晶退火N18锆合金在碘气氛中的应力腐蚀开裂（SCC）行为,着重研究了350℃时碘分压对该合金SCC的影响.结果表明,随着碘分压增加,N18合金对碘致应力腐蚀开裂 的敏感性增加,开裂的临界应力强度因子KISCC降低,裂纹萌生所需的应力降低,裂纹萌生所需的时间也缩短;SCC裂纹的快速扩展也受碘分压的强烈影响,碘分压越高, 裂纹扩展过渡到快速的穿晶准解理方式时对应的应力强度因子越低;碘分压不仅影响腐蚀产物层的形成,也影响裂纹扩展方式.碘分压的影响规律可用碘的扩散机制及Zr-I-O体系的化 学平衡来解释.     

Cu-Cr-Zr合金电滑动磨损微观形貌分析

对经真空熔炼、热锻、固溶和时效处理、拉拔变形获得的Cu-0．40Cr-0．10Zr合金线材进行了电滑动磨损试验,利用扫描电镜对合金磨损后的合金微观形貌进行了观察和分析。结果表明,Cu-Cr-Zr合金在磨损过程中,表层先产生塑性变形和加工硬化现象。在较大电流（50A）作用下,合金次表层中会产生明显再结晶层,与表面未再结晶层之间存在较大拉应力,从而促进磨损裂纹的萌生和扩展,加速磨损过程。加工过程中产生的裂纹,将对合金的磨损性能产生不利影响。     

晶粒度对Inconel 690合金微动磨损行为的影响

为预防及减缓微动损伤对核反应堆蒸汽发生器传热管的危害,深入研究了晶粒尺寸对Inconel 690合金微动磨损行为的影响。采用微动磨损试验方法对Inconel 690合金的微动磨损特性展开研究,并利用光学显微镜(OM)、维氏硬度计、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和激光共焦扫描显微镜(LSCM)等对不同固溶温度下材料的微观组织结构、硬度和磨痕特征进行观察和分析。结果表明,随着固溶温度的升高,Inconel 690合金晶粒尺寸增大,硬度降低;在完全滑移区,摩擦因数随晶粒度和硬度的变化很小,其值均约为0.48;当Inconel 690合金平均晶粒尺寸为112μm,且SS304与Inconel 690合金硬度比为260∶176.4时,Inconel 690合金磨损体积最少;不同晶粒度和硬度下Inconel 690合金的微动磨损机制主要为剥层磨损、磨粒磨损和粘着磨损。     

E690高强钢在SO_2污染海洋大气环境中的应力腐蚀行为研究

采用U形弯试样干湿交替腐蚀的实验方法,结合电化学测试、裂纹形貌观察和锈层分析,研究了E690钢在模拟SO_2污染海洋大气环境中的应力腐蚀行为及机理.结果表明,E690钢在SO_2污染海洋大气环境中具有较高的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)敏感性,其SCC机理为阳极溶解和氢脆(AD+HE)的混合机制.大气环境中的SO_2可通过促进a-Fe OOH的形成以及Ni和Cr在内锈层中的富集促进内锈层的致密化,促进Cl-在锈层底部的浓聚和酸化,进而大大促进SCC裂纹的萌生与扩展,提高了E690钢的SCC敏感性.     

690合金管在不同法向载荷下的切向微动磨损性能研究

目的 通过690合金管/405不锈钢块(线接触)的切向微动试验,探究690合金管在不同法向载荷作用下的切向微动磨损机制和损伤演变规律。方法 采用自制的多功能复合微动磨损试验机,研究法向载荷(10、20、40 N)对690合金传热管/405不锈钢抗振条的切向微动磨损性能的影响。通过分析摩擦系数和耗散能,获得试验过程中的动力学信息,再通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜对磨痕进行微观分析,获得其磨损机制以及损伤演变规律。结果 当位移幅值为100、200 μm,法向载荷为10、20、40 N时,690合金管/405不锈钢块的微动运行状态处于完全滑移区。随着法向载荷的增加,摩擦耗散能和摩擦力增大,690合金管的损伤加剧,产生的磨屑增加,磨痕表面的剥落坑被磨屑覆盖而减少,摩擦系数呈下降趋势。沿微动方向,690合金表面的磨损区域内O、Fe、Ni和Cr的含量呈锯齿变化;沿接触方向,690合金管的磨损深度也呈现锯齿状,这都是690合金管和405不锈钢块均为非理想平面所致。结论 总体而言,随着法向载荷的增加,690合金管和405不锈钢块的磨损体积增加,690合金管主要的磨损机制为剥层和磨粒磨损。     

316Ti在含氯离子300℃高温水中的应力腐蚀开裂

采用慢应变速率拉伸(SSRT)试验方法研究了316Ti在300℃高温水中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为。结果表明,在空气饱和条件下,试样的断裂时间、延伸率以及断裂能的值随着Cl^-浓度的增大显著降低,应力腐蚀敏感指数随着Cl^-浓度的增大则显著递增,二者具有一定相关性。316Ti不锈钢在300℃空气饱和水中发生SCC的临界Cl^-质量浓度为5 mg/L,只有在Cl^-质量浓度高于或等于5 mg/L,试样才发生穿晶型和部分沿晶混合型SCC。SCC裂纹多萌生于滑移台阶或蚀坑,也可能萌生于接近表面的铁素体相处;裂纹在向基体扩展过程中,铁素体相的存在阻碍了其扩展过程,从而提高了316Ti的抗SCC能力。氧在SCC裂纹萌生和扩展过程中都起着非常重要的作用。     

划伤690TT合金在高温含氧水中应力腐蚀裂纹萌生的研究

利用划伤技术研究了690TT合金在325 ℃高温含氧硼锂水中的裂纹萌生和生长情况。试样表面和截面显微分析的结果表明,划伤沟槽底部局部萌生了典型的沿晶应力腐蚀裂纹。由于应力集中,在慢速率拉伸阶段划伤沟槽底部产生了机械裂纹,而机械裂纹成为恒载过程中690TT合金沿晶应力腐蚀裂纹萌生和生长的先导。尖端非常接近晶界或者沿着晶界的机械裂纹可继续形成沿晶应力腐蚀裂纹。690TT合金在恒载荷条件下对应力腐蚀开裂仍有一定的敏感性。     

5083铝合金慢应变速率拉伸下的应力腐蚀行为

采用慢应变速率拉伸(SSRT)测试法及扫描电镜(SEM)与透射电镜(TEM)分析手段,研究了预变形量及应变速率对5083铝合金在空气和3.5%NaCl溶液中应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为的影响。结果表明:在空气中,5083铝合金几乎不发生SCC现象,其断口均呈现韧性断裂形貌;在3.5%NaCl溶液中,5083铝合金具有SCC敏感性,其断口呈现局部沿晶界或相界断裂形貌,随着应变速率的减小,应力腐蚀敏感指数(ISSRT)增大,当应变速率减至1×10-6s-1时,其应力腐蚀断口呈现典型的解理脆断特征;(Mg5Al8)等第二相析出及预变形后位错增多是导致5083铝合金SCC敏感性增大的主要原因。     

颗粒增强SiCp／2024铝基复合材料的应力腐蚀断裂行为

通过双悬臂梁试样试验和慢应变速率拉伸试验，研究了ＳｉＣｐ／２０２４铝基复合材料在ＮａＣｌ水溶液中的庆力腐蚀断裂行为，并探讨了增强体的存在对材料ＳＣＣ行为的影响。发增强体的存在并未使材料的ＳＣＣ机理发生本质上的变化，但使复合材料的ＳＣＣ抗力明显高于普通铝合金的。     

Effect of the deformation on the stress–corrosion cracking of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys

The effect of deformation on the stress–corrosion cracking (SCC) of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys is studied by slow strain rate technique (SSRT) and bolt‐loaded double cantilever beam (DCB) tests. Results show that with the deformation increasing, the undissolved particles and subgrain size decrease whereas the fraction of recrystallization increases after solution treatment. The susceptibility to SCC by SSRT and DCB tests varies on different deformation amount alloy, in which cause is discussed.     

Effects of Temperature on Fretting Corrosion Between Alloy 690TT and 405 Stainless Steelin Pure Water

In pressurized water reactor,fretting corrosion has become the main reason for the failure of 690 TT heat exchanger tubes.The effect of temperature on the fretting corrosion behavior between 690 TT tube and 405 stainless steel(SS) bar has been studied during 106 fretting cycles.The overall average coefficient of friction(COF) values descends with an increase in test temperature,while the width of worn scar becomes wider.The severest fretting corrosion happens when the test temperature is at 100℃.The wear mechanism differs at different test temperatures,from adhesive wear at room temperature to abrasive wear and delamination at 100℃,to abrasive wear at 200℃.Deformation slips,high residual strain concentration,and micro-cracks are found which are disadvantageous for the further service performance of the tubes.     

The effect of sliding speed and amount of loading on friction and wear behavior of Cu–0.65 wt.%Cr alloy

Friction and wear behavior of a peak aged Cu–0.65 wt.%Cr alloy was investigated. The friction and wear experiments were run under ambient conditions with a pin-on-disk tribometer. Experiments were performed using various applied normal loads and sliding velocities. The tribological behavior of the studied alloy was discussed in terms of friction coefficient, wear loss and wear mechanism.Friction coefficient and wear loss have shown large sensitivity to the applied normal load and the sliding velocity. At the sliding velocity of 0.3 m/s weight loss increased from 6.9 to 51 mg by increasing the normal load from 20 to 40 N. At higher sliding velocity minimum weight loss is achieved at 60 N normal load. So it can be seen that with increasing normal load wear rate decreases due to the formation of a continuous tribofilm which consists of Fe–Cu intermetallic. Varying of friction coefficients in different conditions of normal load and sliding velocity is correlated to the wear behavior.The analysis of worn surfaces by XRD and SEM showed that an increase in normal load and sliding velocity creates an intermetallic wear-induced layer, which modifies the wear behavior of the alloy. The XRD result indicates that new phase of Cu_9.9Fe_0.1 is generated on worn surfaces of the pin specimens during the wear tests. There is a significant correlation between the micrograph of worn surfaces and the wear rate of specimens.     

Effect of Overaging on Fatigue Crack Propagation and Stress Corrosion Cracking Behaviors of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy Thick Plate

The fatigue property as well as stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy thick plate in peak-aged and overaged tempers (T7351 and T7651) is systematically investigated by fatigue crack propagation (FCP) test and slow strain rate test (SSRT). Microstructural characterization is examined by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Results reveal that the T7351 alloy has lower strength but higher electrical conductivity as compared to T7651 alloy. The FCP resistance of T7351 alloy is superior to that of the T7651 alloy due to the coarser precipitates in the highly overaged alloy in which the strain localization is reduced by promoting homogeneous slip. In addition, the SSRT test suggests a higher SCC resistance in T7351 alloy. The enhanced SCC resistance is found to depend on grain boundary precipitate characteristics and crack propagation resistance of the alloys.     

氧化铝溶出过程压力容器用钢高温碱脆研究

本文采用慢应变速率的试验方法(SSRT)研究了3种夹杂物分布状态不同的低合金钢(16MnR,A48CPR,16MnRE),在模拟Bayer法生产氧化铝条件下的高温碱脆行为。结果表明,3种低合金钢在260℃苛性偏铝酸钠溶液中均有碱脆敏感性。沿轧向分布的条状MnS夹杂使16MnR钢横向抗碱脆性能明显低于其纵向抗碱脆性能。钢中加入稀土元素可使夹杂物呈球状、弥散分布,降低材料各向异性程度,从而提高材料抗高温碱脆能力。分析表明,夹夹物对低合金钢碱脆性能的影响,受裂纹尖端塑性区单位体积中夹杂物在垂直于受力方向平面上的     

Effect of pre-deformation on the stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of aluminum alloy 2519

The effects of pre-deformation and strain rate on the stress corrosion cracking （SCC） behavior of aluminum alloy 2519 in air and in 3.5% NaCI water solution were investigated by means of slow strain rate tension （SSRT）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The results indicate that the alloy is susceptible to SCC in 3.5% NaCI water solution and not in air. At the same pre-deformation, the alloy is more susceptible to SCC at 1.33 × 10^-5 s^-1 than at 6.66 × 10^-5 s^-1. Moreover, it is more susceptible to SCC at free pre-deformation than at 10% pre-deformation at the same strain rate. The number of 0 precipitated along the grain boundaries is reduced and distributed discontinuously, at the same time, the precipitate-free zones （PFZ） become narrow and the susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking is reduced after 10% pre-deformation.     

挤压态AZ61镁合金磨损性能研究

主要研究了挤压态AZ61镁合金在不同载荷和滑动摩擦速度条件下的磨损性能。采用SEM对磨损面进行显微组织观察与分析,讨论了不同载荷下材料的主要磨损形式。结果表明,磨损质量损失随着滑动摩擦速度和载荷的增加而增加。挤压态AZ61镁合金的磨损机制主要分为轻微磨损和严重磨损。轻微磨损主要是擦伤磨损、氧化磨损与剥层磨损,在磨损面上形成的擦痕与裂纹,其磨损程度较轻,磨损面积小;当载荷增加到100N和120N时,塑性变形和熔化在磨损面形成的磨痕较深且磨损面积大,表现为严重磨损。