基于输入域分类的实时软件可靠性模型

航天测控软件是航天测控系统的重要组成部分,作为任务的关键性实时软件,其可靠性直接影响着整个测控系统的可靠性.长期以来,测控系统软件相对缺乏系统的可靠性测试研究.文中针对航天工程地面测控软件的特点及可靠性测试要求,综合考虑缺陷等级、输入域等因素,按照数学算法建立了基于输入域分类的实时软件的可靠性混合模型,并对该模型的实际应用进行了介绍.文中模型和测试算法对航天测控工程领域典型功能软件进行了可靠性测试,实验结果表明了该方法的可行性、有效性和易用性.     

基于输入域分类的实时软件可靠性模型

航天测控软件是航天测控系统的重要组成部分,作为任务的关键性实时软件,其可靠性直接影响着整个测控系统的可靠性。长期以来,测控系统软件相对缺乏系统的可靠性测试研究。文中针对航天工程地面测控软件的特点及可靠性测试要求,综合考虑缺陷等级、输入域等因素,按照数学算法建立了基于输入域分类的实时软件的可靠性混合模型,并对该模型的实际应用进行了介绍。文中模型和测试算法对航天测控工程领域典型功能软件进行了可靠性测试,实验结果表明了该方法的可行性、有效性和易用性。     

基于数据源识别和驱动分析的软件系统测试方法

航天测控软件系统安全关键等级高,其质量直接决定航天任务成败,具有架构庞大、软件配置项多、内外接口复杂、数据传递路径长、处理实时性强等特点,软件系统测试的要求高且难度大,目前存在系统测试需求不清晰、测试针对性差等实际问题;航天测控软件系统是典型的数据驱动型软件系统,针对其特点,文章提出了一种基于数据源识别和数据流分析的软件系统测试方法,开展了数据源识别、数据流路径分析、数据状态分析和获取、系统级数据流顺序图生成等关键技术研究,给出了该方法的推荐工作流程;该方法已在多个航天测控中心软件系统测试中应用,实践表明,针对数据驱动型软件系统,该方法可以显著提高系统测试的设计有效性和测试效率。     

一种软件自动测试系统

针对航天测控任务频度高,测控任务软件系统测试重复性高、人工测试工作量大、测试效率和可靠性低的特点,通过分析系统测试条件和需求,设计了一种基于黑盒测试的软件自动测试系统.文章介绍了自动测试系统的系统结构、主要功能模块、测试平台部署及测试流程等,并详细阐述了测试用例管理、测试数据自动生成、测试过程控制、测试结果评估和测试报告自动生成等关键技术;该系统能够有效的减少人工重复工作量,增强系统测试的自动化,提高系统测试效率和质量.     

综合模块化航空电子软件测试环境

分析了综合航电软件特性和体系结构,总结了软件测试需求。对综合航电软件测试环境进行了初步研究,提出了具有三层软件体系结构的仿真测试环境,能够满足综合航电软件的测试需求。通过基于任务的测试仿真模型与测试配置蓝图,能够解决实时测试数据激励与收集和动态测试配置的关键技术。通过原型系统的测试,验证了测试环境软件体系结构的应用性和正确性。     

软件安全性测试研究综述

近年来,软件安全性在保证系统安全、避免重大人员伤亡和财产损失方面起到了重要作用;然而在软件安全性工程中,软件安全性并不能完全依靠常规的软件工程方法和软件测评手段来进行测试;如何在工程中开展软件安全性测试仍然是一个悬而未决的问题;首先从软件安全性测试的发展现状入手,分析我国在该领域工程应用中所遇到的问题;然后阐述当前主要的软件安全性测试流程和方法,将现有的测试方法分3类进行描述,并分析和比较这些测试方法的特点;最后总结并展望软件安全性测试研究的发展方向.     

模型检验在航天测控软件上的应用研究

模型检验是确保程序质量的有效手段,能弥补软件测试的不足。但航天测控软件规模大、输入数据复杂、验证性质不明确等因素极大地阻碍了模型检验的应用。针对航天测控软件,分析了其特点以及对其执行模型检验的困难,提出了基于有界模型检验器CBMC的模型检验应用框架,包括航天测控数据的构造方法及验证性质的提取方法。随后,将该框架应用于外测数据处理软件,取得了良好的效果。     

基于USB的卫星通用化地面测试软件的设计

针对当前卫星地面测试设备研制任务剧增、研制需求周期短、密度大、技术更新快的问题,将软件工程中的组件技术引入卫星测试软件领域,提出利用测试功能组件构建通用化测试软件的设计思路;首先,对现有卫星型号的地面测试任务做共性研究;然后,分析研究现有卫星数传分系统和测控分系统单机地面测试涵盖的所有测试功能,描述通用化测试软件的研制需求;以通用化和模块化的设计思路进行软件概要设计;通过分析软件组成、设计流程图、搭建软件界面等步骤进行软件详细设计;最后,软件实现;提出的基于USB接口的卫星通用化地面测试软件,通过某型号功放级地面测试和某型号Ka应答机地面测试,经验证,通用性强,覆盖功能全面,能较好地满足多个分系统单机设备的测试要求。     

微机控制时间继电器参数测试系统

本文介绍一个以APPLE—I兼容微机系统为测控核心的时间继电器参数自动测试系统的硬件、软件设计和工作原理。该系统只需输入被测试品的型号规格就能自动完成10个被测件的延时值及其重复动作误差、电源波动误差的同时测试,并进行数据统计、质量评判和结果打印。整个测试系统采用总线式结构,具有结构简单,便于维护,工作稳定可靠的优点。     

一种航天测控系统软件故障分析框架

在充分研究航天测控系统软件研发维护特点的基础上,通过引入相异性软件故障模型,结合软件故障检测和故障定位等分析方法,构建了一种基于功能组件的航天测控系统软件相异性故障模型,提出了一种具有较强针对性的航天测控系统软件故障分析框架,为航天测控系统软件故障分析的集成化研究提供了新思路。这种软件故障分析框架已在航天测控系统软件测试及软件故障问题排查等实际问题中得到有效应用,实践表明该框架对软件系统的研发维护及软件故障的快速分析定位具有重要意义。     

Software automated testing: A solution to maximize the test plan coverage and to increase software reliability and quality in use

Software plays an increasingly important role in complex systems, especially for high-tech applications involved in important fields, such as transportation, financial management, communication, biomedical applications and so on. For these systems, performances such as efficient operation, fault tolerance, safety and security have to be guaranteed by the software structure, whose quality in use is assuming a growing importance from the industrial point of view. The basic problem is that the complexity of the task which software has to perform has often grown more quickly than hardware. In addition, unlike hardware, software cannot break or wear out, but can fail during its life cycle (dynamic defects) [1]. Software problems, essentially, have to be solved with quality assurance tools such as configuration management, testing procedures, quality data reporting systems and so on [2]. In this context, the paper proposes a new approach concerning the automated software testing as an aid to maximize the test plan coverage within the time available and also to increase software reliability and quality in use [3]. In this paper a method which combines accelerated automated tests for the study of software regression and memory overflow will be shown, in order to guarantee software with both a high quality level and a decrease of the testing time. The software will be tested by using test sequences reproducing the actual operating conditions and accelerated stress level. Moreover the research wishes to define some parameters of the software life and to show the generality of the proposed technique.     

Observations in using parallel and sequential evolutionary algorithms for automatic software testing

In this paper we analyze the application of parallel and sequential evolutionary algorithms (EAs) to the automatic test data generation problem. The problem consists of automatically creating a set of input data to test a program. This is a fundamental step in software development and a time consuming task in existing software companies. Canonical sequential EAs have been used in the past for this task. We explore here the use of parallel EAs. Evidence of greater efficiency, larger diversity maintenance, additional availability of memory/CPU, and multi-solution capabilities of the parallel approach, reinforce the importance of the advances in research with these algorithms. We describe in this work how canonical genetic algorithms (GAs) and evolutionary strategies (ESs) can help in software testing, and what the advantages are (if any) of using decentralized populations in these techniques. In addition, we study the influence of some parameters of the proposed test data generator in the results. For the experiments we use a large benchmark composed of twelve programs that includes fundamental algorithms in computer science.     

A mathematical modeling framework for software reliability testing†

Software reliability testing refers to various software testing activities that are driven to achieve a quantitative reliability goal given a priori or lead to a quantitative reliability assessment for the software under test. In this paper we develop a modeling framework for the software reliability testing process, comprising a simplifying model and a generalized model. In both models the software testing action selection process and the defect removal mechanism are explicitly described. Both the discrete-time domain and the continuous-time domain are involved. The generalized model is more accurate or realistic than the simplifying model since the former avoids the assumption that defects are equally detectable and the assumption that defects are removed upon being detected. However simulation examples show that the simplifying model really captures some of essential features of the software testing process after a short initial testing stage. The modeling framework is practically realistic, mathematically rigorous, and quantitatively precise. It demonstrates that the relationship between software testing and delivered software reliability, which was poor understood, can well be formulated and quantified. Rigorous examinations show that several common assumptions adopted in software reliability modeling, including the independence assumption, the exponentiality assumption, and the NHPP assumption, are theoretically false in general. This paper sets a good starting point to further formalize and quantify the software testing process and its relation to delivered software reliability.     

基于遗传算法的控制软件测试

基于遗传算法（GA）的控制软件测试方法是一种智能化的黑盒测试方法。测试中使用该方法，可在对被测对象细节不了解的情况下完成相应的测试任务。对基于遗传算法的表达方式，提出了多层与混合参数编码技术，分别可处理测试过程中涉及的命令（逻辑）序列与数量序列的被测参变量；并以此将测试问题转化为遗传算法善于处理的寻优问题。设计的测试软件按遗传算法的演化规则运作，可寻找到被测软件（系统）的最大故障。     

基于LDRA Testbed的民用机载软件静态测试方法

静态测试作为软件测试的重要方法,是保证民用机载软件中安全关键软件质量的关键步骤。介绍静态测试的概念和方法,采用自动化分析方法,基于软件分析工具LDRA Testbed从主要静态分析、复杂度分析、静态数据流、交叉索引、信息流和数据对象分析六大部分完成软件的静态测试过程,探究其测试原理和关键标准文件的配置,生成相应的代码审查和测试度量报告,以有效提高民用机载软件质量。     

航天软件测试模型构建与应用

针对航天软件高可靠性的特点,构建一种输入与输出模型测试方案,提出基于覆盖测试算法的测试方法,测试覆盖算法主要包含三种功能测试方法和三种结构测试方法。功能测试主要使用基于边界的方法、定义等价类、使用决策表分析三种方法。结构测试主要使用基于路径的测试、数据流测试、片测试三种方法。实例验证,该方法清晰明了、便于发现航天软件缺陷、降低航天软件开发风险与代价以及保证航天软件质量。     

Optimal and adaptive testing for software reliability assessment

Optimal software testing is concerned with how to test software such that the underlying testing goal is achieved in an optimal manner. Our previous work shows that the optimal testing problem for software reliability growth can be treated as closed-loop or feedback control problem, where the software under test serves as a controlled object and the software testing strategy serves as the corresponding controller. More specifically, the software under test is modeled as controlled Markov chains (CMCs) and the control theory of Markov chains is used to synthesize the required optimal testing strategy. In this paper, we show that software reliability assessment can be treated as a feedback control problem and the CMC approach is also applicable to dealing with the optimal testing problem for software reliability assessment. In this problem, the code of the software under test is frozen and the software testing process is optimized in the sense that the variance of the software reliability estimator is minimized. An adaptive software testing strategy is proposed that uses the testing data collected on-line to estimate the required parameters and selects next test cases. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive software testing strategy can really work in the sense that the resulting variance of the software reliability estimate is much smaller than that resulting from the random testing strategies. The work presented in this paper is a contribution to the new area of software cybernetics that explores the interplay between software and control.     

基于过程与场景分析的航天应用软件测试方法

航天应用软件系统具有软件种类多、规模大、信息交换关系复杂等特点,如何开展软件测试是工程实践中的一个难题。结合某测控信息应用软件系统实例,提出了一种基于形式化模型的软件系统测试方法。基于软件系统形式化定义和线索分析技术,绘制软件系统运行流程图、阶段分析图,建立可表述软件系统级行为的场景树模型和场景树图;根据测试充分性要求,提出基于场景树图的路径覆盖准则,给出满足路径覆盖准则的测试用例集自动化生成算法;结合工程实例,给出了方法应用数据,开展测试结果分析。验证结果表明该测试方法是可行的和有效的,能够保障软件测试的充分性。