复杂内腔铝合金件液态模锻试验研究

目的 为拓宽液态模锻技术的应用范围,实现具有复杂内腔结构件的高性能短流程成形制造,开展了使用砂芯的液态模锻技术试验研究。方法 以具有复杂内腔的新能源汽车铝合金空气弹簧顶座为对象,利用广州和德装备制造公司生产的卧式液态模锻机,对比研究不同砂芯、涂料及液锻加压制度对黏砂缺陷的影响作用。结果 普通砂芯在液锻中容易被压溃或产生黏砂缺陷;在苏铸砂芯的基础上自行配制HDSC01液锻砂芯,配合HDCoating03专用涂料,采用阶梯加压方法进行液态模锻,所得液锻件内表面光洁无黏砂、尺寸精确。结论 液态模锻可以使用砂芯进行复杂内腔结构件的高性能精密成形,但工艺控制不当,容易出现黏砂缺陷。阶梯加压、使用专用砂芯和专用涂料是防止黏砂的有效途径。     

液态模锻在铸铝合金中的应用研究

铸铝合金是一种应用比较广泛但是成形较为困难的金属材料，通过液态模锻技术，可以有效地提高材料的成形性能，降低制件、尤其是复杂形状制件的制造成本。铸铝合金制件通过液态模锻成形后，可以达到或接近普通锻件的各项力学性能指标。利用ZL l03合金进行液态模锻试验，所得到的制件的屈服强度为320MPa，硬度HB为110，延伸率为7．0％。     

比压对液态模锻铍青铜件组织和性能的影响

目的 针对先铸坯再模锻方法工艺流程长、能耗高、成本高的缺点,将液态模锻工艺应用于铍青铜件的成形制造中,以提高零件的成形质量、降低成本和能耗。方法 在工业生产条件下,对比研究了主要工艺参数比压对液态模锻铍青铜件试样拉伸性能、冲击性能、硬度及晶粒特征的影响规律。结果 当液锻比压从40 MPa提高至80 MPa时,液锻铍青铜的晶粒尺寸可以细化至65 μm以下,抗拉强度提高了150 MPa,伸长率由20%提高至40%,硬度和冲击韧性分别提高了35HBW和20 J/cm²。结论 液锻比压是影响铍青铜液锻件组织和性能的关键因素,随着液锻比压的增大,液锻铍青铜件晶粒被显著细化,强度、塑性、硬度和冲击韧性均得到显著提高。     

管子钳钳柄铝合金液态挤压工艺及模具设计

介绍了钳柄材料,进行了锻件设计、模具结构设计,分析了液态挤压的工艺参数及选择依据,以及产品技术经济性。结果表明,采用液态挤压工艺代替热模锻生产铝合金钳柄,可显著提高材料利用率,减少成形工序及降低产品成本。     

颗粒形状、含量和基体特性对金属基复合材料压缩力学行为的影响

通过建立轴对称体胞模型,用数值分析手段研究了在变形速率范围10－4~105/s内,陶瓷颗粒增强铝合金复合材料的压缩塑性流变特征,讨论了不同颗粒形状(圆柱形和球形),不同颗粒体积含量(10％~50％)和不同铝合金基体(LC4、LY12CZ和7075)对金属基复合材料流动应力、应变率敏感性等的影响,构造了可以描述高应变率下金属基复合材料压缩行为的本构模型,并考虑了基体特性、颗粒形状、体积含量及应变率的影响,得出了与试验相吻合的结果。     

液态金属铸造法制备金属基复合材料的研究现状

在金属基复合材料的制备方法中,液态铸造法具有广泛的应用和发展前景.较系统地论述了颗粒、晶须和短纤维增强的金属基复合材料的液态铸造制备方法及其对材料性能的影响,探讨了液态铸造法制备金属基复合材料过程中仍然存在的问题和研究进展,展望了制备金属基复合材料的发展方向.     

难变形材料热静液挤压复合精密塑性成形工艺

目的 研究热静液挤压及其复合塑性变形工艺在高密度钨合金、钨铜合金、钛基复合材料及镁合金薄壁细管等难变形材料方面的制备。方法 通过对高密度钨合金难变形材料进行热静液挤压及旋转锻造等塑性成形,分析了材料在成形过程中的微观组织及性能变化规律和强化机制,制备出大长径比穿甲弹弹芯材料。在此基础上,将该复合塑性变形技术拓展至两相不互溶材料钨铜合金、钛基复合材料及大长径比镁合金毛细管等难变形材料方面的制备。结果 热静液挤压及其复合塑性变形工艺在粉末冶金难变形材料的致密化方面具有显著优势,获得材料不仅致密度高,而且有效实现了控形控性;对于镁合金薄壁细管成形而言,也可以实现组织与性能的有效调配,同时材料的精度较高。结论 热静液挤压及其复合塑性变形工艺在难变形材料的制备与成形方面具有独特的优势与广阔的应用前景。     

航空接头锻件等温锻压成形工艺

为了提高航空锻件的综合性能,通过等温锻压工艺研究了航空接头锻件的成形过程,采用Deform3D有限元软件对高筋薄壁铝合金航空接头锻件的锻压成形工艺进行了仿真研究,在实验室油压机上开展了缩比(1∶5)锻件的成形工艺实验.研究结果表明:在坯料与模具温度均为450℃、成形速度为0.1 mm/s的等温模锻工艺下,材料变形抗力比常规热模锻降低70%,材料在模腔中的流动性提高,锻件充填完好,锻件变形均匀,应力集中降低;等温锻造工艺可使锻件获得流线顺畅、晶粒细小、力学性能优良的纤维组织,避免了热模锻易出现的涡流、折叠、穿流、充填不满等锻造缺陷;仿真与实验结果吻合,为航空接头锻件锻压成形工艺的制订提供了依据.     

金属基复合材料半固态模锻连接一体化成形技术

随着金属基复合材料工业化的应用越来越广,金属基复合材料的连接越来越受到人们的重视。尤其对于电子封装材料而言,增强体分率一般较高,而且要求其密封性和致密性,同时还要求具有良好的连接性能。针对此种情况,根据半固态工艺"固液"良好的扩散性和充填性,提出了金属基复合材料半固态模锻成形与连接一次性整体成形工艺方法,并实现近净成形,为金属基复合材料制件的制备和连接提供了一条新途径。     

俄罗斯航空工业超塑性等温模锻技术的发展

等温模锻是80年代发展起来的新型工艺,具有高效率、高精度和节约成本的优点。特别是利用合金的超塑性状态后,可以进一步提高等温模锻的生产率。俄罗斯航空工业部的主要研究院,包括航空材料研究院(),轻合金研究院(),航空工艺研究院(),发动机工艺和生产组织研究院()等投入相当大的人力和物力,对镍基高温合金、钛合金、不锈钢、铝合金和镁合金的等温模锻进行了全面研究,产     

Verbund‐Gießschmieden hybrider Aluminiumbauteile

In compound‐cast‐forging of hybrid aluminum parts the positive characteristics of casting and forging processes as well as the different materials are combined. This makes it possible to produce components with complex geometries and different local characteristics. Component areas with high complexity (e. g. with an undercut) are cast, areas that are exposed to high mechanical stresses, are forged. In the conducted investigations a preformed, massive formed semi‐finished part out of a wrought aluminum alloy was joined with a die‐cast aluminum alloy by casting and forming from the casting temperature in one cast‐forging process. The results of the studies show a good joining quality of cast‐forged components made of different aluminum alloys.     

Squeeze casting of magnesium alloys and their composites

Squeeze casting, also known as liquid metal forging, extrusion casting and pressure crystallization, is a process in which molten metal soldifies in a die under an applied high pressure. The concept of squeeze casting was invented in Russia over 100 years ago. Later the process was exploited in North America, Japan and Europe to produce various automotive components. With the rapid expansion of magnesium applications in the automotive industry, the development of squeeze casting technology for magnesium alloys and their composites has been motivated by incentives to produce high-quality components. The present paper reviews recent progress in squeeze casting, and the effects of process variables on the cast structure and properties of magnesium alloys and magnesium-based composites. Approaches to optimization of the squeeze-casting process are discussed. The significant advantages of squeeze-cast magnesium alloys and magnesium-based composites are highlighted. The on-going research work at ITM is presented.     

锻造技术在轻金属中的应用

随着社会的发展,材料的研发与设计向着轻量化、高强化发展,轻金属在航空航天以及汽车工业上表现出了良好的应用潜力,同时也对材料加工成形方式,如锻造技术等提出了更高的要求。简要介绍了金属锻造技术,如自由锻造、等温锻造和多向锻造技术,分析了锻造技术在轻量化金属如钛合金、铝合金以及镁合金上的应用,经过锻造处理后,金属的微观组织及力学性能得到了提升,锻件质量得到了改善。还介绍了数值模拟在锻造过程中模具设计及工艺优化上的研究及应用现状,同时对金属锻造未来向精密化、复杂化以及智能化的发展趋势进行了分析与展望。     

Microstructure characterization and tensile properties of direct squeeze cast and gravity die cast 2017A wrought Al alloy

Squeeze casting is a pressurized solidification process wherein finished components can be produced in a single process from molten metal to solid utilizing re-useable die tools. This one activates different physical processes which have metallurgical repercussions on the cast material structure. Desirable features of both casting and forging are combined in this hybrid method. 2017A aluminium alloy, conventionally used for wrought products, has been successfully cast using direct squeeze casting. Squeeze casting with an applied pressure removes the defects observed in gravity die cast samples. Tensile properties and microstructures are investigated. The results show that the finer microstructure was achieved through the squeeze casting. Furthermore, higher pressures improved the fracture properties and decreased the percentage of porosity of the cast alloy. The ultimate tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation of the squeezed cast samples improved when the squeeze pressure increased.     

细晶变形镁合金的研究进展

综述了变形镁合金的种类、基本变形特性和优良性能,介绍了轧制、挤压、锻造、超塑成形等常用成形技术,探讨了变形镁合金晶粒细化的机理及常用方法如等径角挤压、形变热处理等,阐述了变形镁合金的研究现状、存在的问题,并指出了未来变形镁合金研究开发的方向.     

变形镁合金成形工艺研究及其应用

变形镁合金塑性加工是目前镁合金研究的前沿领域.综述了变形镁合金主要的成形工艺方法及应用领域,介绍了变形镁合金挤压、轧制、锻造、冲压、超塑变形等变形工艺的特点和关键;展望了变形镁合金的应用发展,指出了其成形工艺在军工、汽车、电子、航空航天等领域具有越来越广阔的应用前景.     

Magnesium – der Zukunftswerkstoff für die Automobilindustrie?

Magnesium – future material for automotive industry? Magnesium alloys show a very high potential in automotive applications as constructive metal, whereas the main focus lies on die cast parts. Electronic industry is the major commercial consumer for die castings besides the automobile industry. Room temperature applications like steering wheels and frame components in cars as well as mobile phone‐ or notebook housings are well established. These castings are produced with AZ‐ or AM‐magnesium alloys, which show good room temperature properties and a good castability. The great alloy development challenge in extending the use of magnesium cast alloys are application for higher temperatures. The application in powertrain components is considered to be the benchmark here. Besides alloy development there are also further research activities in development of casting processes. Semi‐solid processes like New‐Rheocasting (NRC), Thoxomolding ? or Thixocasting (TC) are adapted to the requirements of newly developed alloys. Not only cast alloys but also magnesium wrought alloys have moved to the centre of interest in the last decade. Alloy development for improving the formability on the one hand as well as process development in extrusion or rolling has to be done in order to find optimum parameters for deforming magnesium alloys properly.     

内燃机活塞材料的研究进展

介绍了内燃机活塞材料的最新发展动态,综述了铸铁、铸钢、铝合金、铝基复合材料、陶瓷材料、碳材料、耐热镁合金材料、镁基复合材料在活塞上的最新研究成果,并概括了各种活塞材料的应用领域和前景.     

Monotonic and Cyclic Deformation Behavior of MIG‐CMT Welded and Heat‐Treated Joints of Aluminum Cast and Wrought Alloys

While the fatigue behavior of die cast aluminum as well as welded aluminum wrought alloys have been subject of several studies, no systematic work has been carried out on hybrid structures made as a combination of welded sand castings and wrought alloys. Aim of the present study is to correlate the monotonic and cyclic deformation behavior of thin sheet welded joints with the microstructure in the heat affected zone of the material combination sand cast EN AC‐Al Si7Mg0.3 and wrought alloy EN AW‐Al Si1MgMn (EN AW‐6082). The metal sheets were welded using a metal inert gas cold metal transfer process under variation of the welding gap, the heat treatment parameters, as well as the surface finishes. It was demonstrated by Wöhler diagrams based on bending fatigue tests that the fatigue life could be increased for the welded and heat treated specimens as compared to the as‐received cast specimens. By means of optical microscopy this effect was attributed to microstructural changes due to the optimized welding and heat treatment process. A detailed analysis of the mechanical tests was possible by the application of an optical 3D strain analysis.