羊肚菌固态发酵青稞的营养、活性成分及抗氧化特性变化研究

以青稞为原料,利用羊肚菌菌丝体固态发酵青稞,研究发酵过程中营养成分（总淀粉、可溶性蛋白、生物量、β-葡聚糖）、活性成分（总三萜、γ-氨基丁酸、多酚、多糖）及抗氧化特性（ABTS+自由基清除力、DPPH自由基清除力、超氧阴离子自由基清除力、总抗氧化能力）的变化。结果表明：发酵后青稞的主要营养及活性成分均发生了显著变化。随着发酵时间延长,生物量、可溶性蛋白、总三萜及总酚含量上升,γ-氨基丁酸、多糖含量先上升后下降,总淀粉、β-葡聚糖含量下降。此外,羊肚菌固态发酵青稞使其游离态提取物的抗氧化能力升高;结合态提取物的ABTS+自由基清除能力升高,超氧阴离子自由基清除能力和DPPH自由基清除能力保持稳定。相关性分析表明,羊肚菌发酵过程中青稞总淀粉、β-葡聚糖、可溶性蛋白、总三萜、γ-氨基丁酸、生物量和游离酚含量可以作为评估酚类物质含量及抗氧化活性的指标,羊肚菌固态发酵青稞后,青稞营养、活性成分及抗氧化能力得到提升。     

郭艳萍，赵金安

采用分光光度法通过测定黑鸡心葡萄酵素天然发酵过程中不同阶段的总酚含量、还原能力及其对DPPH·、·OH、O2-·、ABTS自由基的清除率来评价天然酵素的抗氧化性能。结果显示：黑鸡心葡萄天然酵素在发酵过程中总酚含量上升,对DPPH自由基、O2-·、·OH和ABTS自由基清除能力均呈逐渐增加趋势,发酵前后分别提高了6.84%,19.82%、7.32%和14.81%增幅较大,同时显示出与酵素总酚含量的变化有明显的正相关性。     

不同粒色青稞酚类化合物含量与抗氧化活性的差异及评价

为了比较不同粒色青稞中游离态及结合态酚类化合物的含量及其抗氧化活性的差异。选用52份不同粒色青稞种质资源,采用化学法分析其青稞全籽粒中游离态及结合态总酚、总黄酮含量,通过DPPH、ABTS+·自由基清除能力及FRAP铁离子还原能力评价其体外抗氧化能力差异,利用主成分分析法客观评价其酚类化合物含量及抗氧化活性的品种排名。结果表明:结合酚是有色青稞酚酸的主要存在形式,游离黄酮是青稞中黄酮类物质的主要存在形式,组间含量差异显著,黑色组青稞的总酚类化合物含量较高;不同形态酚类物质对自由基清除能力的强弱具有选择性,游离态酚类化合物含量在一定程度上决定DPPH和ABTS自由基清除能力大小,FRAP铁离子还原能力受青稞中游离态及结合态酚类化合物含量的共同影响;不同粒色组青稞的酚类化合物含量及抗氧化活性存在品种间差异,主成分分析筛选出紫色、蓝色、黑色、黄色组青稞中酚类物质含量及抗氧化活性最高的品种分别为云青2号、循化亮蓝、947和短白青稞。     

微波辅助提取猕猴桃果渣总黄酮及其抗氧化活性

以猕猴桃酿酒发酵后的果渣为原料,采用响应面法优化猕猴桃果渣总黄酮的微波辅助提取工艺,并测定其对DPPH·和ABTS+·的清除率,评价最佳工艺条件提取的总黄酮的抗氧化活性。结果表明,猕猴桃果渣总黄酮提取的最佳工艺条件为乙醇浓度50%、提取温度66℃、提取时间16 min,在此条件下,总黄酮得率为3.02%。猕猴桃果渣总黄酮提取物对DPPH·、ABTS+·具有不同程度的清除作用,当总黄酮提取物浓度为30.16 μg/mL时,对DPPH·清除率为83.08%,当总黄酮提取物浓度为12.08 μg/mL时,对ABTS+·清除率为97.36%,表明猕猴桃果渣总黄酮具有较好的抗氧化活性。     

黄茶多糖的分离纯化及其抗氧化活性研究

该文对黄茶进行分离纯化,并对其抗氧化活性进行研究。对黄茶进行热水浸提、70%乙醇醇沉得到黄茶70部位的粗多糖（YT70）,利用阴离子交换柱对YT70进行分离纯化得到YT70-1,进一步对YT70-1进行DPPH·、ABTS+·、·OH的清除试验以及总还原力能力测定试验。结果表明YT70的糖含量为43.3%,YT70-1的单糖组成为甘露糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖及岩藻糖。YT70-1对DPPH·、ABTS+·和·OH的清除率与质量浓度呈量效关系,且总还原能力与浓度成正比。在浓度为20 mg/mL时,YT70-1对DPPH·、ABTS+·和·OH的清除率分别为48.7%、77.01%和39.67%,还原力为0.415。YT70-1对ABTS+·的IC50值为3.87 mg/mL。因此YT70-1具有一定的体外抗氧化活性,能够清除DPPH·、ABTS+·和·OH,并且清除能力随多糖浓度的增大而增加。     

桑叶黄酮的双水相萃取及其抗氧化活性研究

为提高乙醇-水提取物中桑叶黄酮纯度,该研究利用乙醇-无机盐双水相萃取技术对桑叶黄酮粗提物（mulberry flavone extract,MFE）进行分离纯化。通过单因素试验和Box-Behnken响应面试验对萃取工艺条件进行优化,以·OH、ABTS+·、DPPH·和 O2-·清除率为指标,比较萃取前后的桑叶黄酮（mulberry leaves flavone 1、2,MLF1、MLF2）的抗氧化活性变化。结果表明,双水相萃取体系最佳工艺条件为乙醇质量分数36%、硫酸铵质量分数17%、MFE添加量 5 mg/mL;上述条件下相比 R=1.84±0.17,分配系数 K=11.82±0.34,萃取率 Y=（95.74±0.58）%。体外抗氧化活性试验结果显示：除O2-·清除能力略低于芦丁外,MLF2对·OH、ABTS+·、DPPH·清除率均高于芦丁,且MLF2的抗氧化活性指标均高于MLF1。综上所述,双水相萃取法可用于萃取桑叶黄酮,其抗氧化活性可有效增强。     

桑葚发酵前后酚类组成变化及其抗氧化活性分析

目的：旨在分析桑葚饮料发酵前后酚类物质的组成变化和抗氧化功能差异。方法：利用毕赤酵母菌(Pichia kudriavzevii)和融合魏斯氏乳酸菌(Weissella confusa)通过二次发酵桑葚制备桑葚饮料，比较桑葚发酵前后酚类物质对DPPH、OH、ABTS+自由基的清除能力及还原力，并通过非靶向代谢组学技术对不同组别样品差异代谢物进行鉴定，进而探究发酵前后酚类物质组成变化与抗氧化性能之间的相关性。结果：发酵后桑葚酚类物质(1 mg/mL)对DPPH自由基清除率由发酵前的45.97%±2.23%提高到59.01%±3.59%(P<0.05)；对OH自由基清除率由发酵前的68.68%±1.23%提高到78.55%±0.57%(P<0.05)；发酵后的桑葚饮料中酚类物质的还原力显著提高(P<0.05)；发酵前后的酚类化合物对ABTS+自由基清除能力无显著差异(P>0.05)。从发酵前后桑葚酚类物质中共筛选出46种差异代谢物，包括3种花色苷类、10种酚酸类、18种类黄酮及15种其它酚类物质，其中发酵后上调和下调的代谢物分别为26种和20种，共涉及4个相关代谢通路...     

不同品种龙眼果肉酚类物质的抗氧化活性比较

为研究不同龙眼品种资源中酚类物质、黄酮类化合物含量及其抗氧化性差异,选取广东省农业科学院果树研究所龙眼资源圃的24个龙眼品种,分析其果肉中游离态和结合态总酚、总黄酮物质的含量,采用DPPH自由基清除能力、ABTS总抗氧化能力、FRAP抗氧化能力和氧自由基吸收能力ORAC四种不同方法评价其体外抗氧化能力差异;不同龙眼品种果肉总酚、总黄酮含量与DPPH、ABTS、FRAP、ORAC四种不同方法测定的抗氧化能力的变幅和变异系数较大,呈现出显著的基因型差异;不同品种龙眼果肉的多酚和黄酮的含量分别与ABTS自由基清除能力、FRAP和ORAC呈极显著(p0.01)正相关关系,而与DPPH自由基清除能力的EC50值呈极显著负相关关系(p0.01)。采用快速聚类法将24个不同品种的龙眼聚成多酚及总黄酮含量和抗氧化能力差异显著的三大群类。不同品种龙眼果肉游离态和结合态酚类物质含量与其抗氧化活性均呈显著正相关关系,提示酚类物质是龙眼果肉抗氧化活性的主要成分;酚类物质和黄酮类物质在龙眼果肉中主要以游离态存在,其中结合态平均占总酚含量的17.45%。     

近江牡蛎糖胺聚糖的抗氧化活性及其稳定性

以近江牡蛎全脏器为原料,通过酶解法得到近江牡蛎糖胺聚糖,通过测定羟自由基(·OH)和1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)清除率探讨其抗氧化能力,并分析不同温度、pH、紫外照射、NaCl浓度以及模拟胃肠道消化对近江牡蛎糖胺聚糖抗氧化稳定性的影响。结果表明,近江牡蛎糖胺聚糖具有较好的体外抗氧化活性,DPPH·的清除率达到79.15%,·OH清除率达到了100.00%。近江牡蛎糖胺聚糖在温度为40~80℃、偏酸环境、紫外线照射下、或Na⁺存在的条件下仍保持较好的抗氧化活性。经模拟胃肠消化后,糖胺聚糖但仍具有一定的清除能力,DPPH·清除率为26.43%,·OH清除率为10.07%。因此,近江牡蛎糖胺聚糖具有较好的抗氧化能力,是一种相对稳定的天然抗氧化剂。     

苦荞、燕麦和杏鲍菇酶解液发酵工艺优化及其抗氧化活性

实验以苦荞、燕麦和杏鲍菇复合物的酶解液为原料,对植物乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌的发酵工艺进行优化并对比酶解液发酵前后的体外抗氧化能力。在单因素实验的基础上,应用响应面研究接种量、接种比例和发酵时间对发酵基质中活菌数的影响,并对发酵前后还原力、DPPH·、羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基清除率和总抗氧化能力进行了分析。结果表明,经过优化后,获得的最佳发酵工艺为:接种量4%、接种比例1:1、时间10.8 h,在此工艺条件下活菌数为8.89 lg(cfu/mL)。发酵后还原力、DPPH·清除率、·OH清除率、O₂^-清除率和总抗氧化能力较发酵前分别提高了0.51、6.85%、43.19%、5.36%、18.29 U/mL。发酵后的苦荞、燕麦和杏鲍菇酶解液,其营养价值和保健功能更好。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the