Highly efficient broadband conversion of light polarization by composite retarders

Driving on an analogy with the technique of composite pulses in quantum physics, we propose highly efficient broadband polarization converters composed of sequences of ordinary retarders rotated at specific angles with respect to their fast-polarization axes.     

The effect of focusing on polarization qubits

When a photon with well-defined polarization and momentum passes through a focusing device, these properties are no longer well defined. Their loss is captured by describing polarization by a 3× 3 effective density matrix. Here we show that the effective density matrix corresponds to the actual photodetection model and we provide a simple formula to calculate it in terms of classical fields. Moreover, we explore several possible experimental consequences of the ‘longitudinal’ term: limits on single-photon detection efficiency, polarization-dependent atomic transitions rates and the implications on quantum information processing.     

Microwave absorption design of water by the combination of dipole polarization and interfacial polarization

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - In this work, the microwave absorbing materials by the combination of water and bentonite were prepared, in which the water was used as...     

Camera focusing based on fringe pattern matching

A method of camera focusing based on fringe pattern matching is presented. In the method, the variance of the mismatch function is used as a focus measure. The focus measure was examined in a fringe analysis system, and the results from the three well-known focus measures-gray-level variance, image gradient, and Laplacian-were also obtained in the experiment as a comparison. The experimental results show that the focus measure based on fringe pattern matching performs well in peak sharpness, monotonicity, and noise sensitivity and that it has a better performance in noise sensitivity owing to its advantage of averaging noise.     

Three-dimensional polarization states of monochromatic light fields

The 3×1 generalized Jones vectors (GJVs) [E(x) E(y) E(z)](t) (t indicates the transpose) that describe the linear, circular, and elliptical polarization states of an arbitrary three-dimensional (3-D) monochromatic light field are determined in terms of the geometrical parameters of the 3-D vibration of the time-harmonic electric field. In three dimensions, there are as many distinct linear polarization states as there are points on the surface of a hemisphere, and the number of distinct 3-D circular polarization states equals that of all two-dimensional (2-D) polarization states on the Poincaré sphere, of which only two are circular states. The subset of 3-D polarization states that results from the superposition of three mutually orthogonal x, y, and z field components of equal amplitude is considered as a function of their relative phases. Interesting contours of equal ellipticity and equal inclination of the normal to the polarization ellipse with respect to the x axis are obtained in 2-D phase space. Finally, the 3×3 generalized Jones calculus, in which elastic scattering (e.g., by a nano-object in the near field) is characterized by the 3-D linear transformation E(s)=T E(i), is briefly introduced. In such a matrix transformation, E(i) and E(s) are the 3×1 GJVs of the incident and scattered waves and T is the 3×3 generalized Jones matrix of the scatterer at a given frequency and for given directions of incidence and scattering.     

水中微气泡光散射偏振特性的研究

在Mie散射理论的基础上，建立气泡光散射模型，计算水中微小气泡与固体微粒在不同的粒径参数和散射角条件下的光散射偏振特性，并对两者进行比较．结果表明，水中气泡及微粒对入射光散射后偏振状态的改变十分复杂．总体上气泡的退偏振效应比固体微粒强25％，微小气泡与固体微粒对偏振状态的影响在粒径域和散射角上具有选择性．     

Efficient and monolithic polarization conversion system based on a polarization grating

We introduce a new polarization conversion system (PCS) based on a liquid-crystal polarization grating (PG) and louvered wave plate. A simple arrangement of these elements laminated between two microlens arrays results in a compact and monolithic element, with the ability to nearly completely convert unpolarized input into linearly polarized output across most of the visible bandwidth. In our first prototypes, this PG-PCS approach manifests nearly 90% conversion efficiency of unpolarized to polarized for ±11° input light divergence, leading to an energy efficient picoprojector that presents high efficacy (12 lm/W) with good color uniformity.     

Scattering and polarization of light by magnetic fluids

Expression for the intensity and the degree of polarization of light scattered by a magnetic colloid are derived. Experimental results obtained by earlier investigators are discussed on the basis of these expressions.     

基于USB技术和旋转编码器的旋转运动检测与控制系统

本文介绍了USB技术 ,旋转编码器的原理 ,阐述了系统的原理和结构 ,软件和硬件的具体实现 ,达成了对直流电机旋转运动的检测与控制     

Spectral and polarization characteristics of the nonspherically decaying radiation generated by polarization currents with superluminally rotating distribution patterns

We present a theoretical study of the emission from a superluminal polarization current whose distribution pattern rotates (with an angular frequency omega) and oscillates (with a frequency Omega) at the same time and that comprises both poloidal and toroidal components. This type of polarization current is found in recent practical machines designed to investigate superluminal emission. We find that the superluminal motion of the distribution pattern of the emitting current generates localized electromagnetic waves that do not decay spherically, i.e., that do not have an intensity diminishing as RP(-2) with the distance RP from their source. The nonspherical decay of the focused wave packets that are emitted by the polarization currents does not contravene conservation of energy: The constructive interference of the constituent waves of such propagating caustics takes place within different solid angles on spheres of different radii (RP) centered on the source. For a polarization current whose longitudinal distribution (over an azimuthal interval of length 2pi) consists of m cycles of a sinusoidal wave train, the nonspherically decaying part of the emitted radiation contains the frequencies Omega +/- momega; i.e., it contains only the frequencies involved in the creation and implementation of the source. This is in contrast to recent studies of the spherically decaying emission, which was shown to contain much higher frequencies. The polarization of the emitted radiation is found to be linear for most configurations of the source.     

基于灰度差分法的自动调焦技术

如何快速有效地实现调焦一直是图像测量中的焦点;基于光学镜头和CCD图像采集技术提出了一种图像式自动调焦系统,并给出了以图像的灰度差分绝对值之和作为图像是否聚焦的判据函数,以及给出了逐步逼近的登山式自动调焦的原理,对该系统进行了实验研究,系统重复精度为8000nm。     

基于图像清晰度评价的摄像头辅助调焦系统

提出一种新的图像清晰度(包括锐度和对比度)评价函数,对比传统的图像清晰度评价算法,新算法速度最快且准确,以及和功率谱算法一样优良的灵敏度,适合各种实时自动对焦系统.本文使用一系列不同程度的离焦图片演示了所有算法的性能。同时将新算法应用于一种实际的摄像头模块辅助调焦系统中,系统把采集的每帧图像实时显示在屏幕上,用新算法评价图像的清晰度,从而指导作业员对摄像头模块进行调焦。实践表明该摄像头辅助调焦系统在批量生产摄像头模块时对提高生产效率和稳定质量方面有很大作用。     

Highly efficient phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes based on iridium(III) complex with bulky substituent spacers

We developed highly efficient phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) using iridium(III) complex, fac-tris[4-methyl-2-2(4'-trimethylsilylphenyl)pyridine] [Ir(msippy)3]. PHOLEDs based on Ir(msippy)3 complex exhibit the yellowish-green emission with CIE color coordinates of (0.31,0.64). These device performances were compared with those of the green emitting Ir(ppy)3-based devices. The higher external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 25.6% and the current efficiency of 84.4 cd/A were achieved for Ir(msippy)3-based device. The results show that the complete energy and/or charge transfer from the host to Ir(msippy)3 dopant in the emitting layer (EML) of the device resulted in the higher device efficiencies compared with those of Ir(ppy)3-based devices.     

Quantum phase measurements and non-classical polarization states of light

Abstract

In our paper we consider the non-classical behaviour of both the Hermitian (observable) Stokes parameters of light and the phase difference of two modes that describe the quantum polarization states of optical field. To characterize the degree of polarization of light we introduce a new quantity taking into account the quantum properties of different quantum states of two orthogonally polarized modes. The problem of determination of the phase difference in two modes of optical field for the quantum polarization states of light is discussed. To describe in general such a quantum field we introduce two pairs of the phase operators: the phase angles for the Stokes parameters of light in a three-dimensional picture of the Poincaré sphere. We also consider a special type of the eight-port polarization interferometer (polarimeter) for simultaneous homodyne detection of both the Stokes parameters of light and the polarization phase operators and their fluctuations as well. Using an anisotropic (spatioperiodic) Kerr-like nonlinear medium associated with the polarization interferometer we could generate and also observe the polarization-squeezed phase states of light. The fluctuations in the phase difference between two orthogonally polarized modes for these non-classical states are less than the fluctuations for light in coherent state.     

基于偶极子理论的磁流变液链化机理模拟研究

基于磁偶极子理论,通过分析两个磁化颗粒处于不同位置时的受力特点及其相对运动趋势,深入而详细的研究了磁流变液的成链机理,说明了铁磁颗粒间的引力分量和斥力分量是导致颗粒聚集并分成多条并列链的原因.同时,模拟了在外加磁场作用下磁流变液的链化结构,证明了形成稳定的链状微结构时磁流变液颗粒间的内部能量最小.     

A three-dimensional degree of polarization based on Rayleigh scattering

A measure of the degree of polarization for the three-dimensional polarization matrix (coherence matrix) of an electromagnetic field is proposed, based on Rayleigh scattering. The degree of polarization at a point is defined as an average, over all scattering directions, of an imagined dipole scattering of the three-dimensional state of polarization. This gives a well-defined purity measure, which, unlike other proposed measures of the three-dimensional degree of polarization, is not a unitary invariant of the matrix. This is demonstrated and discussed for several examples, including a partially polarized transverse beam.     

Spectroscopic ellipsometer based on direct measurement of polarization ellipticity

A polarizer-sample-Wollaston prism analyzer ellipsometer is described in which the ellipsometric angles ψ and Δ are determined by direct measurement of the elliptically polarized light reflected from the sample. With the Wollaston prism initially set to transmit p- and s-polarized light, the azimuthal angle P of the polarizer is adjusted until the two beams have equal intensity. This condition yields ψ=±P and ensures that the reflected elliptically polarized light has an azimuthal angle of ±45° and maximum ellipticity. Rotating the Wollaston prism through 45° and adjusting the analyzer azimuth until the two beams again have equal intensity yields the ellipticity that allows Δ to be determined via a simple linear relationship. The errors produced by nonideal components are analyzed. We show that the polarizer dominates these errors but that for most practical purposes, the error in ψ is negligible and the error in Δ may be corrected exactly. A native oxide layer on a silicon substrate was measured at a single wavelength and multiple angles of incidence and spectroscopically at a single angle of incidence. The best fit film thicknesses obtained were in excellent agreement with those determined using a traditional null ellipsometer.     

Determination of light beam curvature in a rotating Luneburg lens

We have determined the curvature of a beam of coherent electromagnetic radiation and its angular and linear deviation in a rotating microsatellite representing a Luneburg lens in the optical segment of accuracy augmentation for new-generation global navigation satellite systems.     

Influence of polarization orientation of violet light on the diffraction efficiency of bacteriorhodopsin

When a grating is recorded in a bacteriorhodopsin film by two linear parallel polarized beams together with an auxiliary violet light, the diffraction efficiency has a dependence on the polarization orientation of the violet light as well as its intensity. A method for calculating the diffraction efficiency of gratings in bacteriorhodopsin is proposed based on the two-state photochromic model, considering the saturation effect and the polarization status of all the involved lights. It is found that the polarization orientation of the violet light produces an approximate-cosine and an approximate-sine modulation on the steady-state diffraction efficiency separately at low and high intensities, respectively. The parallel polarized violet light can improve the steady-state diffraction efficiency to a larger degree than the perpendicularly polarized violet light when both are at their optimal intensities. The optimal intensity for the parallel polarized violet light is lower than that of the perpendicular polarized one. Thus, the improvement of the steady-state diffraction efficiency is less sensitive to the intensity of perpendicular polarized violet light than to that of parallel polarized violet light.