摩擦系数对轴向推力作用下碰摩转子振动特性的影响

推导建立了轴向推力作用下的碰摩转子非线性动力学方程。以转定子间摩擦系数为控制参数,对碰摩转子系统横向振动和轴向振动行为进行了数值仿真。分析表明:转子与定子间摩擦系数对转子系统横向振动和轴向振动特性的影响非常明显,摩擦系数越大,转子系统振动越复杂。随着摩擦系数的增加,转子系统由简单的周期振动突变为拟周期振动。增大摩擦系数,以转速比为控制参数的系统轴向振动的复杂运动区范围变大,且复杂运动区的振动幅值也有增大趋势。分析结果对旋转机械碰摩故障的识别提供了理论依据。     

悬浮隧道锚索涡激振动影响因素分析

将锚索运动简化为弹簧质量阻尼系统,锚索周围流场采用RSM(Reynolds Stress Model)结合增强的壁面函数模型计算,利用四阶Runge-Kutta法计算锚索振动方程,并将程序写入FLUENT软件进行流固耦合分析。讨论了锚索质量比、阻尼比、是否考虑流向运动和来流速度对锚索涡激振动的影响,主要结论有：质量比对锚索横向涡激振动幅值影响很小,对约化速度范围影响较大;阻尼比对约化速度范围影响很小,对锚索涡激振动幅值影响较大;在低质量比的情况下,考虑锚索流向运动时,涡激振动幅值比不考虑时偏大。     

基于非Hertz滚动接触理论的轮轨滑动摩擦生热分析

热损伤是铁路车辆轮轨的主要失效形式之一.当列车在短时间内紧急制动或加速牵引时,车轮和钢轨接触面间容易发生纯滑动现象,该滑动就会导致轮轨出现较高的接触温升,温升达到一定时会使车轮和钢轨材料产生相变,从而导致轮轨表面的裂纹、擦伤和剥离破坏.本文首先利用轮对切片投影法计算轮轨接触几何关系;然后利用基于非Hertz滚动接触理论的CONTACT程序计算轮轨接触应力,计算结果能更好的反应轮轨真实的接触状态;最后进行轮轨滑动工况下接触热效应的分析.利用MATLAB软件编制了轮轨接触热效应分析程序,针对不同的摩擦因数和相对滑动速度进行了钢轨表面的温度场分布研究.结果表明:轮轨处于滑动摩擦状态下,热效应明显,在计算轮轨热接触耦合分析时需考虑材料参数随着温度变化的影响;随着摩擦系数和相对滑动速度的增大,热效应越明显.轮轨滑动过程的热效应问题研究将有助于揭示接触过程中的轮轨表面伤损机理.     

CRH2型动车组轮轨接触计算及车轮强度CAE分析

为了分析计算CRH2型动车组在垂向静载荷作用下的车轮最大计算载荷,并确定轮轨接触斑的几何形状参数,利用SolidWorks软件模拟出车轮及静载下的轮轨接触有限元模型,并于Simulation中通过提取分割几何线的方法进行有限元图解分析。结果表明,垂向静载条件下车轮一周踏面横向位移呈三角函数曲线变化趋势,计算模拟仿真结果可用于横向稳定性计算、车轮动态横向响应曲线计算等,还可用于轨道几何参数和轮轨外形的合理选择。     

考虑轮轨多点接触关系的车轨系统地震响应分析

为研究地震作用下轮轨多点接触关系及其对车轨系统地震响应的影响,本文基于虚拟渗透理论分析了轮轨多点接触的几何关系,采用修正的Kik-Piotrowski方法和Kalker线性理论求解轮轨接触力,并建立了地震作用下考虑轮轨多点接触关系的列车-无砟轨道系统模型;以某高速铁路为对象,研究了车轨系统的地震响应及列车的行车安全性。研究结果表明：地震作用下轮轨之间会出现2点接触情况,次接触斑对轮轨接触行为具有重要影响;轮轨多点接触关系对地震作用下的轮轴横向力和脱轨系数具有重要影响,不考虑该多点接触关系会低估列车的行车安全性;车轮抬升量对地震动强度不是特别敏感。     

基于轮轨表达式的轮轨接触坐标计算方法

为了能更真实地在车辆-轨道动力学的仿真计算模型中反映轮轨之间的接触状态,结合具有具体函数表达式的车轮踏面和钢轨轮廓曲线并利用迹线法原理,在考虑轮对的横向位移、垂向位移、摇头角及侧滚角的条件下,计算出轨顶区域与车轮之间的最小垂向距离,来判断轮轨的接触状态,并根据非线性赫兹接触理论求轮轨接触点处的轮轨法向力.     

基于轮轨结构振动的车辆动力学性能研究

为了研究柔性轮对在高速旋转状态下弹性效应以及轨道的柔性结构振动对车辆运行的平稳性和安全性等动力学性能的影响,建立了轮对和钢轨的有限元模型,通过模态综合技术获取柔性轮对和柔性钢轨的模态信息,分别建立了柔性轮对和柔性钢轨接触、柔性轮对和刚性钢轨接触、刚性轮对和柔性钢轨接触和刚性轮轨接触的车辆动力学模型,对比了不同动力学模型在含有国内某干线轨道谱的情况下的动力学响应.仿真结果表明,柔性轮轨结构振动对高速动车组的直线动力学性能有明显的影响.     

地震作用对车辆-道路系统耦合振动的影响

车辆采用13自由度三维全车模型,路面采用Kelvin地基上Euler梁单位进行离散,通过路面与轮胎接触点的平衡,建立起可以考虑车辆侧向滑动的车路耦合振动模型．将路面初始不平顺视为系统的竖向自激激励源,地震作为外部激励,建立起竖向和横向地震荷载共同作用下车路耦合方程,采用New—mark积分法对耦合方程组进行求解．数值分析结果表明,分析模型下,车路耦合系统的动力响应取决于地震荷载,而地震荷栽作用会使车辆的行驶安全性和乘坐舒适性明显下降;横向地震荷载对车辆和路面的横向振动有显著影响,对车辆的竖向振动可忽略;竖向地震荷载对车辆和路面的竖向振动影响较大,对车体的横向振动有一定程度的影响,以至于在评判车辆运行安全性时必须考虑其影响．     

轮轨集总参数简化模型稳定性与分岔研究

基于轮轨集总参数简化模型,采用Hertz非线性接触理论模拟轮轨接触力,导出轮轨耦合非线性动力学模型的状态方程。利用自适应变步长Runge-Kutta法求解状态方程,可得到轮轨系统各部件位移、速度、加速度等随车辆运行速度的变化规律及车辆失稳的临界速度。数值结果表明,该方法不仅可以得出系统的失稳临界速度,而且可以观察到各部件的振动情况和失稳形态。     

风激拉索的张弛振荡分析

为了研究斜拉索在横向风激励下的多模态张弛振荡特性,获得临界风速表达式,建立拉索受风力作用的非线性运动微分方程,基于索纵向运动相对较小而导出关于索横向运动的偏微分振动方程,运用Galerkin法将该方程转化为常微分方程组,用以描述索的多模态自激振动;应用非线性振动的平均法,求解得到该系统的自激振动分析解,确定索张弛振荡及存在性条件,分析计算索前二阶模态张弛振荡的临界风速,并通过数值模拟验证.提出风激拉索多模态张弛振荡及临界风速的分析方法,研究结果表明,拉索张弛振荡的临界风速随结构模态阻尼而提高,并受振动模态、风速变化和风力系数等影响.     

Self-excited vibration of driveline for vehicle launch

The launch shudder phenomenon induced by self-excited vibration of driveline was studied with a compact car equipped with AMT as research object. The research showed that self-excited vibration was closely related with damping of driveline,the variation of friction coefficient,equivalent radius of friction plate and applied force of pressure plate. Six DOFs torsional vibration model of vehicle driveline was established according to the parameters of the certain compact car. The simulation was carried out and the result was compared with test data. It was found that the negative slope of friction coefficient with relative slip speed does not necessarily lead to self-excited vibration and the frequency of self-excited vibration on 1 st gear is near to the 1 st order of torsional natural frequency.The influence of each viscous damping in driveline on self-excited vibration was analyzed by simulation and the results showed that increasing the torsional dampings of half-axles and tires properly was effective to improve launch shudder phenomenon.     

油介质下轮轨粘着特性数值分析-研究生论坛

基于二维滚动接触理论和部分弹流理论,建立了微凸体接触情况下的稳态部分弹流数值模型,运用多重网格法对油介质工况下的轮轨黏着特性进行数值仿真研究。利用所建立的数值仿真模型研究了轮轨接触压力分布情况,分析了滚动速度、载荷、轮轨表面粗糙度等参数对轮轨黏着特性的影响。结果表明:油介质条件下轮轨接触区的宽度比干态下要宽,是干态下接触区宽度的1.5倍左右;油介质下的轮轨黏着系数明显小于干态下的黏着系数;轮轨黏着系数随着速度的增加逐渐减小,随接触压力的增加而降低,随轮轨表面粗糙度的增加而增大。     

起重机小车偏斜对轮轨接触状态的影响

利用有限元分析软件Ansys对轮轨系统进行弹塑性静力分析,建立起重机小车在运行中发生偏斜和不发生偏斜两种工况下的有限元模型,研究这两种不同工况下轮轨系统所受应力的分布状态. 结果表明,小车运行中发生偏斜时,轮轨承受更大的应力,最大应力区集中分布在小车偏斜方向的半边轨道上,且轮缘与轨道之间发生接触,导致轮轨更易磨损.     

An experimental study on the effects of friction modifiers on wheel–rail dynamic interactions with various angles of attack

By modifying friction to the desired level, the application of friction modifiers (FMs) has been considered as a promising emerging tool in the railway engineering for increasing braking/traction force in poor adhesion conditions and mitigating wheel/rail interface deterioration, energy consumption, vibration and noise. Understanding the effectiveness of FMs in wheel–rail dynamic interactions is crucial to their proper applications in practice, which has, however, not been well explained. This study experimentally investigates the effects of two types of top-of-rail FM, i.e. FM-A and FM-B, and their application dosages on wheel–rail dynamic interactions with a range of angles of attack (AoAs) using an innovative well-controlled V-track test rig. The tested FMs have been used to provide intermediate friction for wear and noise reduction. The effectiveness of the FMs is assessed in terms of the wheel–rail adhesion characteristics and friction rolling induced axle box acceleration (ABA). This study provides the following new insights into the study of FM: the applications of the tested FMs can both reduce the wheel–rail adhesion level and change the negative friction characteristic to positive; stick–slip can be generated in the V-Track and eliminated by FM-A but intensified by FM-B, depending on the dosage of the FMs applied; the negative friction characteristic is not a must for stick–slip; the increase in ABA with AoA is insignificant until stick–slip occurs and the ABA can thus be influenced by the applications of FM.

     

车轮踏面异常磨耗对轮轨关系影响分析

利用多体动力学分析软件SIMPACK建立了地铁车辆动力学分析模型,选取异常磨耗后的几种典型钢轨型面,通过考虑轨道表面不平顺和轮轨蠕滑等非线性因素,研究了车轮踏面异常磨耗对轮轨接触行为和动力学行为的影响。结果表明：车轮踏面异常磨耗影响轮轨接触点的分布,从而进一步影响车辆的动力学性能;轻微磨耗后的踏面轮轨型面匹配较好,轮轨动力学行为相比原始轮轨型面有所改善;车轮踏面异常磨耗后的车辆动力学性能大大降低,尤其是在通过小半径曲线时,车辆动力学性能较差;车轮踏面两沟槽磨耗对车辆动力学行为影响明显大于一沟槽磨耗的车轮踏面。     

轨道参数对轮轨滚动接触行为影响

计算了不同轨道参数下JM3磨耗型车轮踏面沿60kg/m钢轨轨道滚动接触时轮轨接触几何参数和蠕滑率的变化情况;然后根据确定的轮轨接触几何参数和蠕滑率,利用非Hertz滚动接触理论和数值程序CONTACT分析了不同轨底坡和轨距对轮轨接触斑行为的影响。数值结果表明：使用1/40轨底坡时轮轨滚动接触行为不能达到最佳匹配状态,建议对目前的轮轨型面进行重新优化设计;增加轨距对轮轨接触几何参数和蠕滑率产生较大影响,小半径曲线上在考虑运行安全情况下可适当增加轨距。     

Development of a vehicle–track interaction model to predict the vibratory benefits of rail grinding in the time domain

Imperfections in the wheel–rail contact are one of the main sources of generation of railway vibrations. Consequently, it is essential to take expensive corrective maintenance measures, the results of which may be unknown. In order to assess the effectiveness of these measures, this paper develops a vehicle–track interaction model in the time domain of a curved track with presence of rail corrugation on the inner rail. To characterize the behavior of the track, a numerical finite element model is developed using ANSYS software, while the behavior of the vehicle is characterized by a unidirectional model of two masses developed with VAMPIRE PRO software. The overloads obtained with the dynamic model are applied to the numerical model and then, the vibrational response of the track is obtained. Results are validated with real data and used to assess the effectiveness of rail grinding in the reduction of wheel–rail forces and the vibration generation phenomenon.

     

Saturation influence of control voltage on maglev stationary self-excited vibration

This work addresses the saturation influence of control voltage on the occurring of self-excited vibration of maglev vehicle-bridge interaction system, which greatly degrades the stability of the levitation control, decreases the ride comfort, and restricts the cost of the whole system. Firstly, the interaction model of vehicle-bridge system is developed. Based on the interaction model, the relationship between the control voltage and vibration frequency is solved. Then, the variation of the effective direct component and fundamental harmonic are discussed. Furthermore, from the perspective of energy transmission between the levitation system and bridge, the principle underlying the self-excited vibration is explored, and the influence on the stability is discussed. Finally, in terms of the variation of the characteristic roots, the influence is analyzed further and some conclusions are obtained. This study provides a theoretical guidance for mastering the self-excited vibration problems.     

Wear characteristics and prediction of wheel profiles in high-speed trains

Wheel/rail relationship is a fundamental problem of railway system. Wear of wheel profiles has great effect on vehicle performance. Thus, it is important not just for the analysis of wear characteristics but for its prediction. Actual wheel profiles of the high-speed trains on service were measured in the high-speed line and the wear characteristics were analyzed which came to the following results. The wear location was centralized from-15 mm to 25 mm. The maximum wear value appeared at the area of 5 mm from tread center far from wheel flange and it was less than 1.5 mm. Then, wheel wear was fitted to get the polynomial functions on different locations and operation mileages. A binary numerical prediction model was raised to predict wheel wear. The prediction model was proved by vehicle system dynamics and wheel/rail contact geometry. The results show that the prediction model can reflect wear characteristics of measured profiles and vehicle performances.     

装载机变速器高频噪声产生机理与对策

针对装载机变速器出现尖啸噪声的情况,对其进行了试验测试与分析．从噪声频谱的结构特征判断出变速器噪声主要源于齿轮振动。尖啸噪声是输出轴上大齿轮摩擦自激振动的结果．由于齿轮尖啸噪声产生的机理不同于啮合冲击产生的噪声。因此不能依靠改进结构和提高精度来降低尖啸噪声．根据产生尖啸噪声的摩擦学条件。提出改进齿轮润滑油的摩擦特性．通...