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自从引入芳氧苯氧丙酸类与环己烯酮类除草剂后,其所抑制的乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACCase)成为除草剂作用的重要靶标,众多新品种被开发出来,而靶标抗性成为禾本科杂草的主要抗性机制。评述了禾本科杂草对芳氧苯氧丙酸与环己烯酮除草剂的抗性、交互抗性、多抗性及其治理与利用。 相似文献
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利用生物法合成生物基化学品具有高效、绿色、可持续发展等优势。乙酰辅酶A作为细胞内物质代谢的重要中间产物,是利用生物转化法合成许多生物基化学品的重要前体,在微生物碳代谢过程中发挥着枢纽作用。本文综述了大肠杆菌乙酰辅酶A的合成、代谢调控策略及其重要应用,重点总结了乙酰辅酶A的合成途径及近期发展的提高乙酰辅酶A胞内通量的代谢调控策略,包括乙酸途径的代谢调控、丙酮酸合成乙酰辅酶A途径的代谢调控、中心碳代谢途径的代谢调控、β氧化合成乙酰辅酶A途径的代谢调控和乙酰辅酶A合成新途径的发掘,进一步展望了提高乙酰辅酶A供给的策略,利用基因组编辑技术构建合成乙酰辅酶A为前体化学品细胞工厂的方法。 相似文献
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酿酒酵母作为细胞工厂被用来生产多种萜类化合物。乙酰辅酶A为合成萜类化合物的基本前体,细胞质乙酰辅酶A供应不足会导致目标产物产量较低,调控乙酰辅酶A合成是构建目标萜类化合物高产合成途径的重要手段。本文介绍了酿酒酵母乙酰辅酶A作为重要中心碳代谢分子,主要在细胞核组蛋白乙酰化、细胞质丙酮酸脱氢酶支路、线粒体三羧酸循环和过氧化物酶体乙醛酸循环中参与的代谢过程。总结了通过强化酿酒酵母内源丙酮酸脱氢酶支路,引入低三磷酸腺苷(ATP)消耗的异源乙酰辅酶A合成途径,增加辅酶A合成和利用线粒体乙酰辅酶A含量高且对其不渗透的特性进行区域化合成以提高乙酰辅酶A含量的代谢工程策略,旨在为酿酒酵母萜类化合物的高效合成提供借鉴。 相似文献
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ACCase抑制剂类除草剂的作用机理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
乙酰辅酶A羧化酶是化学除草剂的一个重要靶标,ACCase抑制剂抑制禾本科植物体内的脂肪酸合成,能够苗后防除一年或多年生禾本科杂草。笔者概述了乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACCase-CoA)的性质,综述了各种类型的乙酰辅酶A羧化酶抑制剂的性质及作用机理。 相似文献
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用反相高效液相色谱测定红曲菌丝体中辅酶Q10的含量。采用超声破碎细胞方法提取红曲菌丝体中辅酶Q10,色谱柱为Eclipse Pius C18(4.6*250 mm,5?m),流动相为甲醇∶无水乙醇=(V∶V)50∶50;流量为1 m L/min;进样体积为10μL;检测波长为275 nm;柱温为30℃。辅酶Q10在4.4453125~71.125?g/m L浓度范围内线性关系良好,回归方程为Y=8.7180X-4.7213,R2=0.9999,平均加标回收率为66.29%,RSD为2.41%。该法具有良好的线性关系,重现性好、精密度高、准确度好,可用于红曲菌丝体中辅酶Q10的含量测定。 相似文献
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有机-无机复合抗菌剂的制备及抗菌性能 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
依次将无机抗菌离子(锌离子)和有机抗菌离子(十四烷基三丁基季鏻盐)插入到蒙脱土中制备出有机-无机复合抗菌剂,其中锌和季鏻盐的含量分别为2.60%(质量分数)和22.31%(质量分数)。热重(TG)、X-射线衍射(XRD)分析结果表明,锌离子和季鏻盐确实交换到蒙脱土中,并且复合抗菌剂中有机物的热分解起始温度为220℃左右,具有较好的热稳定性。抗菌试验的结果表明,复合抗菌剂具有较好的抗菌性能,对S.aereus和E.coli的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为100μg.mL-1和300μg.mL-1。将100mg复合抗菌剂在100mL蒸馏水中浸20d后,季鏻盐阳离子和Zn2 的释放量均很小,分别为4.831mg.L-1和1.896mg.L-1,表明复合抗菌剂具有良好的耐水性。 相似文献
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抗菌剂应用的最新进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
李毕忠 《精细与专用化学品》2004,12(20):1-2,6
回顾了近年来抗菌剂及其应用领域新的发展 ,其中日本已基本解决了含银抗菌剂的变色问题 ,欧美也从原来多采用有机抗菌剂转向更多地采用无机抗菌剂。指出纳米无机抗菌剂、光催化剂空气净化剂等新产品的出现 ,将为抗菌材料和制品的开发应用提供更为广阔的发展空间。 相似文献
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Gang Zhou Qing-Shan Shi Xiao-Mo Huang Xiao-Bao Xie 《International journal of molecular sciences》2015,16(9):21711-21733
Antimicrobial agents target a range of extra- and/or intracellular loci from cytoplasmic wall to membrane, intracellular enzymes and genetic materials. Meanwhile, many resistance mechanisms employed by bacteria to counter antimicrobial agents have been found and reported in the past decades. Based on their spatially distinct sites of action and distribution of location, antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of bacteria were categorized into three groups, coined the three lines of bacterial defense in this review. The first line of defense is biofilms, which can be formed by most bacteria to overcome the action of antimicrobial agents. In addition, some other bacteria employ the second line of defense, the cell wall, cell membrane, and encased efflux pumps. When antimicrobial agents permeate the first two lines of defense and finally reach the cytoplasm, many bacteria will make use of the third line of defense, including alterations of intracellular materials and gene regulation to protect themselves from harm by bactericides. The presented three lines of defense theory will help us to understand the bacterial resistance mechanisms against antimicrobial agents and design efficient strategies to overcome these resistances. 相似文献
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Zimkhitha B. Nqakala Nicole R. S. Sibuyi Adewale O. Fadaka Mervin Meyer Martin O. Onani Abram M. Madiehe 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(20)
Since antiquity, silver-based therapies have been used in wound healing, wound care and management of infections to provide adequate healing. These therapies are associated with certain limitations, such as toxicity, skin discolouration and bacterial resistance, which have limited their use. As a result, new and innovative wound therapies, or strategies to improve the existing therapies, are sought after. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have shown the potential to circumvent the limitations associated with conventional silver-based therapies as described above. AgNPs are effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms and are less toxic, effective at lower concentrations and produce no skin discolouration. Furthermore, AgNPs can be decorated or coupled with other healing-promoting materials to provide optimum healing. This review details the history and impact of silver-based therapies leading up to AgNPs and AgNP-based nanoformulations in wound healing. It also highlights the properties of AgNPs that aid in wound healing and that make them superior to conventional silver-based wound treatment therapies. 相似文献
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抗菌防腐剂(Ⅰ)—抗菌防腐剂的历史、定义与分类 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
简要回顾了抗菌防腐剂的发展历程,进一步明确了杀菌剂,抑菌剂,抗菌剂,防腐剂,防霉剂,消毒剂,杀生剂,保鲜剂,抗生素的概念。同时,结合抗菌防腐剂的发展在对抗菌防腐剂按无机物,有机物和天然物分类的基础上,进一步又按化学结构和官能团将抗菌剂分为有机金属,有机卤代物,醇,酚,醚,醛,酮,醌,酸,酯,含氮类,含硫类,有机磷,有机砷类以及杂环类等。 相似文献
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[目的]为有效克服传统生物农药有效成分吸收慢、药效持久性短和药效不稳定的弱点,对纳米银制备及提高生防菌抗菌活性进行了研究.[方法]利用化学液相还原法,在氨水存在的情况下,以抗坏血酸作为还原剂、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮作为保护剂,还原氨银溶液,制备纳米银;以番茄灰霉病菌和白菜软腐病菌为供试菌,进行纳米银与生防菌剂协同抗菌作用的研究.[结果]经富集、清洗、超声处理后得到的纳米银,扫描电子显微镜鉴定其平均粒径在100 nm以内,形状规则,纯度在90%以上;纳米银与硫酸链霉素对白菜软腐病菌的共毒系数为244.3,对大肠杆菌为315.4.[结论]纳米银可有效提高拮抗菌的拮抗活性,完全抑制灰霉病菌丝生长;其与硫酸链霉素结合可显著提高对白菜软腐病菌的抑制作用. 相似文献
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Motuporamine Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents and Antibiotic Enhancers against Resistant Gram‐Negative Bacteria 下载免费PDF全文
Diane Borselli Marine Blanchet Jean‐Michel Bolla Aaron Muth Kristen Skruber Dr. Otto Phanstiel IV Dr. Jean Michel Brunel 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2017,18(3):276-283
Dihydromotuporamine C and its derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activities and antibiotic enhancement properties against Gram‐negative bacteria and clinical isolates. The mechanism of action of one of these derivatives, MOTU‐N44, was investigated against Enterobacter aerogenes by using fluorescent dyes to evaluate outer‐membrane depolarization and permeabilization. Its efficiency correlated with inhibition of dye transport, thus suggesting that these molecules inhibit drug transporters by de‐energization of the efflux pump rather than by direct interaction of the molecule with the pump. This suggests that depowering the efflux pump provides another strategy to address antibiotic resistance. 相似文献