基于PSO算法的变差函数球状模型参数拟合

对一阶变差函数球状模型及其二阶套合结构的参数拟合进行研究,利用粒子群优化(PSO)算法在求解非线性优化问题时收敛的快速性以及全局寻优的有效性等优势,将待拟合球状模型的参数组合为一个粒子向量,在PSO算法迭代过程中对部分粒子进行混合柯西-高斯变异,实现变差函数球状模型最优参数的自动拟合。仿真实验结果表明,该方法操作简单、可靠性高。     

加权型曲率保持 PDE 图像滤波方法

提出了一种加权型曲率保持偏微分方程(Partial differential equation, PDE)滤波方法.传统曲率保持PDE 滤波方法未考虑各积分曲线可能经历不同的图像结构,如此影响了其对图像边缘的保持能力.在此基础上, 利用局部图像方向信息为不同积分曲线设计了相应的权重,得到了一种张量驱动的加权型曲率保持PDE滤波方法. 实验结果表明该方法在滤波的同时能较好地保持图像中边缘与曲率结构,且对图像具有一定增强能力.     

基于四阶偏微分方程的盲图像恢复模型

由于全变分(total variation,TV)正则化方法能够很好地保持边界,因而在图像去噪和恢复中得到广泛的应用,但其一个显著的缺点就是会在恢复出来的图像中产生阶梯效应。针对此问题给出了一种基于四阶偏微分方程(PDE)的盲图像恢复模型,该模型在Chan和Wong的全变分模型的基础上,用四阶范数来代替TV范数,构造了一种新的能量泛函,消除了全变分正则化方法所产生的阶梯效应。实验结果表明,该模型能取得较好的图像恢复效果。     

融合偏微分方程和中值滤波的图像去噪模型

针对基于偏微分方程(PDE)的图像去噪模型不能有效地去除脉冲噪声,并且低阶偏微分方程在去噪的同时会出现“块效应”现象的问题,提出一种融合偏微分方程和自适应中值滤波的图像去噪模型。该模型通过对图像梯度的分析,在梯度变化剧烈区域和梯度变化微小区域利用二阶模型去噪以提高去噪效率;而在梯度渐变区域利用四阶模型平滑图像以避免出现“块效应”现象。同时,利用脉冲噪声梯度值远大于边缘梯度值的特点,定位脉冲噪声所在区域,在该区域利用自适应中值滤波消除脉冲噪声。该方法能有效去除脉冲噪声,保护图像边缘并消除“块效应”现象,同时提高了去噪效率。实验表明了该模型的有效性。     

数字双边全变差滤波及非线性去噪

为了更好地滤噪,在研究基于数字滤波器的图像去噪问题的基础上,首先简洁地建立了双边滤波与最优能量泛函之间的理论联系,同时导出一类广义双边滤波器;然后基于双边滤波在阶数大邻域中的双重异性加权滤波机制,推广了Chan提出的数字全变差(TV)模型,提出了一种数字双边TV模型;随后,建立了基于数字双边TV模型的最优能量泛函,并且导出了适于高斯噪声和脉冲噪声两种情形的非线性数字双边全变差滤波器。实验结果显示,无论是在视觉效果方面,还是去噪后图像的峰值信噪比方面,双边全变差滤波都是对双边滤波和全变差滤波极为合理而有效的推广。尤其对于脉冲噪声,该双边全变差滤波的去噪性能明显优于中值滤波器,具有重要的实用价值。     

GPS/DR组合导航FAIMM滤波算法仿真研究

研究GPS/DR组合导航滤波问题。GPS/DR组合导航系统量测噪声统计特性随载体机动发生变化导致传统滤波算法滤波效果下降,针对此问题,提出了一种模糊自适应交互式多模型(Fuzzy Adaptive Interacting Multiple Model,FAIMM)滤波算法,将模糊自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波(FAUKF)与交互式多模型无迹卡尔曼滤波(IMMUKF)相结合,不需要预先设置模型集就能实现对载体量测噪声模式的覆盖。仿真结果表明:改进算法能够实时调整滤波器量测噪声参数,适应组合导航系统量测噪声变化,得到了与模型集完备的IMMUKF相当的导航滤波效果。     

基于偏微分方程与维纳滤波的混合去噪方法

提出一种小波变换与偏微分方程(PDE)结合的混合图像去噪方法,通过窗口改进的维纳滤波处理,运用偏微分综合模型进行二次滤波,其中的偏微分综合模型由2个权重函数将PM方程、方向扩散方程和LLT高阶PDE相结合构建形成。实验结果表明,该混合图像去噪方法能够克服以上3种PDE模型和维纳滤波的不足,增强图像去噪和边缘保护能力,去噪后可得到较好的图像视觉效果,提高算法的效率。     

基于空间基函数优化组合的微波加热温度分布数值求解

针对微波加热是一个多物理场各自演变及相互耦合的过程,无法直接求得媒质温度分布偏微分方程(PDE)解析解的问题,本文提出一种快速及准确求解微波加热温度分布的新方法.首先,本文在无限维PDE降维到有限维ODE温度模型的基础上,分析了ODE温度模型阶次选择与温度分布求解精度量化关系.其次,通过自适应变异粒子群算法(AMPSO)优化误差函数近似得到最优的空间基函数转换矩阵,利用该矩阵将空间基函数进行线性优化组合,进一步降低ODE模型阶数,进而使得在一定误差范围内可以更快速的求解微波加热过程中媒质的温度分布.再次,通过数值仿真实验证明,温度分布求解误差主要产生于模型阶次的选择,且优化后的低维ODE模型的温度分布精度相对误差控制在1.64%以内,求解速度提升72.2%.最后,使用多物理场耦合有限元方法求解微波加热PDE温度模型,进一步验证了优化后的低维ODE温度模型的准确性,充分验证了本文方法的有效性.     

基于自适应耦合PDE模型的车牌图像去噪研究

针对车牌识别预处理中的图像去噪问题,提出一种自适应耦合偏微分方程(PDE)去噪模型;该模型在各项异性扩散模型的基础上,构造一种新的去除椒盐噪声的扩散项,能够根据噪声图像特点自适应控制扩散速度,有效抑制椒盐噪声,并将新的扩散项与各向异性扩散模型进行耦合,并提出一种新的耦合系数计算方法,根据图像信息自适应计算耦合系数,使得新模型能够在新的扩散项和各项异性扩散模型间自适应转换,有效去除车牌图像中的混合噪声;为了抑制去噪引起的图像边缘模糊问题,引入振动滤波进行逆滤波,增强图像的边缘信息;实验结果表明,自适应耦合PDE模型能更有效去除车牌图像中的混合噪声,保护图像的边缘信息,提高图像的峰值信噪比(PSNR);去噪后的图像更有利于后续的字符分割与识别,有效提高车牌图像的识别准确率。     

迭代集合卡尔曼滤波方法的性能比较研究

针对数据同化过程中模型的非线性问题,通过分析对比得出了一种适合强非线性系统的迭代集合Kalman滤波(IEnKF)。在Lorenz\|63模型的框架内,比较分析集合Kalman滤波(EnKF)、迭代集合Kalman滤波(IEnKF)和迭代扩展卡Kalman滤波(IEKF)在集合数、观测误差方差、放大因子和模型步长不同时同化性能差异,由此探讨这3种方法的优劣。研究结果表明:随着集合数的增加,3种算法的同化性能都得到了一定的改善;放大因子的增大,使其同化性能变差且EnKF呈现出多重波峰波谷的现象;3种方法的均方误差(RMSE）随观测误差方差和模型步长的增大而增大,其同化精度都变差;而IEnKF同化性能最优,更具有鲁棒性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。