R22,R407C和R410A热泵专用涡旋式压缩机研究

分析多种热泵制冷剂物理性质,并对热泵用涡旋式压缩机运行特性进行分析。采用新设计的热泵专用涡旋式压缩机进行R22,R407C与R410A性能测试,结果表明:R410A和R407C制冷剂均可以替代R22制冷剂在热泵系统中使用;R410A与R22在制热能力、排气温度及运行范围方面相近;R407C的制热能力高于R22和R410A,运行范围相对较宽。     

R22替代工质回热循环的性能分析

R22的替代工质的制冷性能通常比R22差，采用回热循环是改善循环性能的一种方法，但是增加回热器会带来成本的增加，而且不同的制冷剂在回热循环中的COP及容积制冷量的变化也是不同的。针对上述问题，分析回热循环的特性和6种制冷剂（R290，R1270，R134a／R1270（0．45／0．55），R134a／R290（0．6／0．4），R407C和R410A）在回热循环中的容积制冷量和COP的变化特点。研究结果表明，R134a,／R1270，R290和R134a／R290系统使用回热器后，性能改善较大，R410A系统只有在高冷凝温度、高过热度时才有必要使用回热器，其余替代工质系统使用回热器，其系统性能改善不明显。     

环保制冷剂R1270/RE170/R13I1的热力学性能分析

针对制冷剂R22的替代问题,提出一种适用于空调等制冷设备的环保型混合制冷剂R1270/RE170/R13I1。基于Refprop8.0,对R1270/RE170/R13I1的基本热物理性质和制冷系统循环性能进行分析,研究表明:在标准工况下,R1270/RE170/R13I1混合制冷剂的COP和单位容积制冷量均与R22相当,非常有利于直接充注式替代;在变工况下,R1270/RE170/R13I1的滑移温度较小,性能优于R407C,单位容积制冷量与R407C和R22基本相当,排气温度和压比均低于R22和R407C,是一种优良的R22和R407C制冷设备的替代物,具有充注式替代的潜力。     

一种R410A替代制冷剂的特性及应用前景分析

目前家用空调器R22的替代制冷剂，主要是R407C和R410A。由于这些制冷剂的专利权都在国外，且价格高昂，为此，国内浙江化工研究院开发出一种可替代R410A，且部分性能优于R410A的新型环保制冷剂。受该单位委托，笔者所在公司对该制冷剂进行了实机测试分析。     

速冻装置制冷工质R22的替代

本文对替代速冻装置制冷剂R22的单元工质（如R717、R290、R134a)和混合工质（如R407c,R407d,R407e,R410a,R410b,R404a,R507)进行了热力计算和循环分析，结果表明经过不断完善上述工质均有望成为R22的替代工质。     

除霜溶液冷冻再生的可行性分析

针对空气源热泵除霜溶液的冷冻再生问题,利用R407C非共沸混合制冷剂的变温蒸发特性满足除霜溶液的再生温度要求,从而实现溶液的冷冻再生。本文对制热工况下制冷剂的非共沸特性进行相关试验研究,并采用Solidworks软件进行机组模型的构建,针对R407C滑移温度的特性,对机组的再生温度、除霜溶液浓度以及机组蒸发温度三者之间进行匹配计算和分析。结果表明,采用R407C制冷剂的机组比采用R22制冷剂的机组蒸发侧压损减少38%,证明R407C制冷剂用于空气源热泵除霜溶液冷冻再生的可行性。     

新型混合制冷剂R1270/R152a/R13I1的理论研究

针对制冷剂R22的替代问题,提出了一种适用于空调等制冷设备的环保型混合制冷剂R1270/R152a/R13I1。基于Refprop8.0,对R1270/R152a/R13I1的基本热物理性质和制冷系统循环性能进行了分析,研究表明:在标准工况下,R1270/R152a/R13I1混合制冷剂的COP和单位容积制冷量均与R22相当,非常有利于直接灌注式替代;在变工况下,R1270/R152a/R13I1的滑移温度较小,性能优于R407C,单位容积制冷量与R407C和R22相当,是一种优良的R22替代物。     

R407C替代R22的房间空调器特性研究

在分析比较非共沸混合制冷剂R407C和R22的热力特性的基础上，对R407C替代R22的房间空调器特性进行了实验研究，获得了用R407C直接替代R22时，房间空调器的最佳毛细管长度和最佳充灌量，并对进一步提高R407C房间空调器性能提出了建议。     

R407C、R410A系统热力性能研究综述

本文介绍了R22制冷剂最有希望的替代物R407C和R410A的基本物性，以及国外学者对使用这两种工质的制冷系统有关换热、压降特性及对COP影响的研究成果，以帮助国内制冷、空调企业了解R22替代工质研究的新动向、加快制冷工质替代的步伐。     

轨道交通车辆低环境温度空气源热泵用制冷剂的性能比较

为了研究适用于轨道交通车辆低环境温度空气源热泵机组的制冷剂,从制冷剂基本物性、理论循环性能系数、传热性能、排气温度和压力、设备尺寸等方面对R22,R407C,R410A,R32和R134a五种制冷剂进行比较分析,结果表明,在北方寒冷地区轨道交通车辆采用低环境温度空气源热泵供冷/供热时,比较适合的制冷剂为R407C和R410A,若选用R410A,要注意采用高承压能力的管道和设备。     

Experimental investigation on minichannel parallel flow condenser performance with R22, R410A and R407C

A performance evaluation of minichannel parallel flow (MCPF) condenser in residential/commercial refrigeration system has been carried out in calorimeter room with wind tunnel in this paper. The heat rejection and pressure drop characteristics for heat exchangers were compared using R22, R410A and R407C as working fluids. The experimental results showed that heat rejection of MCPF condenser with R410A was higher than that of R22 and R407C by 15.6~26.3% and 12.3~22.7% under full and partial load conditions, respectively. The refrigerant side pressure drop trend of R410A in MCPF condenser was smaller than that of R22 and R407C under the same mass flow rate.     

Condensation heat transfer coefficients of R22, R407C, and R410A on a horizontal plain, low fin, and turbo-C tubes

In this study, condensation heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) were measured on a horizontal plain tube, low fin tube, and Turbo-C tube at the saturated vapor temperature of 39 °C for R22, R407C, and R410A with the wall subcooling of 3–8 °C. R407C, a non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture, exhibited a quite different condensation phenomenon from those of R22 and R410A and its condensation HTCs were up to 50% lower than those of R22. For R407C, as the wall subcooling increased, condensation HTCs decreased on a plain tube while they increased on both low fin and turbo-C tubes. This was due to the lessening effect of the vapor diffusion film with a rapid increase in condensation rate on enhanced tubes. On the other hand, condensation HTCs of R410A, almost an azeotrope, were similar to those of R22. For all refrigerants tested, condensation HTCs of turbo-C tube were the highest among the tubes tested showing a 3–8 times increase as compared to those of a plain tube.     

空调用替代R22工质的试验研究

对空调系统用R22和替代工质R407C，R410A的性能进行试验研究，并在对比分析基础上对未来几年的空调用替代工质选用提供建议。     

在家用／商用空调中用R32替代R22的探索

在R22的替代工作进入实质性阶段,但国内外成熟替代品又尚不明朗之际,本文在分析国内外R22替代物的现状、存在的问题以及国际上对环保工质要求的新趋向的前提下,探索提出在家用／商用空凋中使用R32替代R22的设想,并从其热物理性质、环保特性、安全性、热工性能、市场可获得性等几个方面,与现有的R22替代物R410A,R290和R1234yf等进行比较,认为R32是一种兼顾减排、安全、节能和市场诸方面要求的、很有前景的R22替代制冷剂。     

化工产品在HCFC—22替代工质压缩机的应用及筛选试验

本文阐述了化工产品如ＨＣＦＣ－２２替代物,冷冻机油以及清洗液、防锈液、切肖液、等辅助工艺材料在Ｒ４０７Ｃ、Ｒ４１０Ａ混合工质的空调压缩机制造中应用的基本要求和筛选试验方法,即低温析出性和高温密封管的兼容试验。     

An experimental investigation of refrigerant mixture R32/R290 as drop-in replacement for HFC410A in household air conditioners

In the present paper, the refrigerant mixture R32/R290 (68%/32% by weight) is investigated as the drop-in replacement for R410A in household air conditioners. The GWP of it is only 22% of that of R410A. Theoretical and experimental investigations are conducted on the performance of the air conditioners working with both R32/R290 and R410A. Experimental results show that the refrigerant charge amount of R32/R290 is reduced by 30.0%–35.0%; the cooling and heating capacities are increased by 14.0%–23.7%. For further reducing charge amount and flammability, the micro-channel heat exchanger (condenser) is employed to replace the finned tube one. Compared with the R32/R290 system using finned tube heat exchanger, the R32/R290 charge amount and the power consumption are reduced by 34.1% and 0.4%, respectively; the cooling capacity and the COP are increased by 6.4% and 6.8%, respectively.     

Experimental investigation of the performance of R22, R407C and R410A in several capillary tubes for air-conditioners

The objective of this study is to present test results and to develop a dimensionless correlation on the basis of the experimental data of adiabatic capillary tubes for R22 and its alternatives, R407C (R32/125/134a, 23/25/52 wt.%) and R410A (R32/125, 50/50 wt.%). Several capillary tubes with different length and inner diameter were selected as test sections. Mass flow rate through the capillary tube was measured for several condensing temperatures and various degrees of subcooling at the inlet of each capillary tube. Experimental conditions for the condensing temperatures were selected as 40, 45 and 50°C, and the degrees of subcooling were adjusted to 1.5, 5 and 10°C. Mass flow rates of R407C and R410A were compared with those of R22 for the same test conditions. The results for straight capillary tubes were also compared with those of coiled capillary tubes. A new correlation based on Buckingham π theorem to predict the mass flow rate through the capillary tubes was presented based on extensive experimental data for R22, R407C and R410A. Dimensionless parameters were chosen considering the effects of tube geometry, capillary tube inlet conditions, and refrigerant properties. Dimensionless correlation predicted experimental data within relative deviations ranging from −12% to +12% for every test condition for R22, R407C and R410A. The predictions by the developed correlation were in good agreement with the results in the open literature.     

制冷剂R32特性及其用于空气源热泵热水器的理论循环分析

介绍R32,R22和R407C以及R410A四种制冷剂的流动特性和热力学特性,并对采用这4种制冷剂的空气源热泵热水器进行理论循环分析。从计算结果可以看出,与采用其他3种制冷剂的系统对比,采用R32制冷剂的系统具有较低的压缩比,较高的理论COP以及容积制热量;在当前阶段,R32是用于空气源热泵热水器的一种较好的制冷剂。     

Performance of mixture refrigerant R152a/R125/R32 in domestic air-conditioner

This work reports a ternary blend R152a/R125/R32 with a mass ratio of 48/18/34 as a potential alternative to R22. A computer code has been developed with NIST REFPROP 7.0 for the comparative analysis of thermophysical properties and refrigerant performance of this new mixture and of R22. A drop-in test of this new mixture was performed in a domestic air-conditioner originally designed for R22. Both the calculation and experimental results showed that this new mixture could be regarded as a most likely drop-in substitute for R22 in many applications. The flammability of this ternary blend was also studied with an explosion apparatus to prove that it could be used safely. Besides, simulation of the refrigerant cycle leakage showed that the variation of composition due to leakage was so little that there is no much performance degradation.