关于多重序列比对距离矩阵的一点注记

因为多重序列比对的最优解问题是一个非易计算问题，所以在生物信息学中，对多重序列分析常常采用两两序列比对来实现。因此由两两比对所产生的距离矩阵在多重序列比对分析中起重要作用。证明了由两两序列比对所产生的距离满足距离关系的三公理条件，从而使两两序列比对分析在距离空间中进行。     

多重序列突变网络系统分析与应用

为分析多重生物序列的突变结构,首先是要作它们的多重比对,在多重比对基础上可作出各序列的系统树与最小距离树,在最小距离树中如果把它们的弧用突变模结构来表示,那么我们称由此所产生的数学模型为多重序列突变网络系统(以下简称突变网络),突变网络分析的主要问题是如何确定各种不同类型突变的相互关系问题,一种最简单关系是二个突变的突变区域互不重叠,我们称之为正交化。因此突变网络分析的一个重要目的是对突变网络作正交化的简化,本文给出了突变网络正交化的基本定理,并以SARS病毒基因组为例,说明它们的突变网络系统模型与正交化运算,并由此得到SARS病毒从早期传播到爆发的基因突变过程的确定。     

MA（1）序列TRA估计λn（x^n,θ）的等离连续性

对ＭＡ（１）序列裁剪残差自协方差估计（ＴＲＡ估计）证明了λｎ（ｘ＾ｎ，θ）关于度量ｄｎ是等度连续的，为讨论ＭＡ（１）序列ＴＲＡ估计的渐近强稳定性提供了一个基本条件。     

多重生物序列对准及其算法综述

多重序列对准作为一种结合优化方法的新方法,在研究生物体的功能、进化、序列和结构之间的内在联系方面正变得日趋重要。介绍了多重序列对准的数学定义及其研究中所涉及到的一些基本问题,概述了目前常用的四类多重序列对准算法,对每一类算法分析了其优缺点,并讨论了各自的应用范围。     

缩聚反应体系对芳香－脂肪族共聚酰胺序列结构的影响

用ＮＭＲ分析配合计算机分峰，分析和计算共缩聚物序列结构参数的方法，研究了单体、酸吸收剂的加料顺序和两种二元胺的投料比对由已二胺和乙二胺为代表的脂肪族二胺，对苯二胺和对苯二甲酰氯合成的芳香－脂肪族共聚酰胺序列结构的影响。结果表明，在脂肪族二胺用量占二胺总量３３．３％（ｍｏｌ）时，所获得的共聚物具有最大的无规度和最短的数均序列长度。     

量块的国际比对

从１９９６年到１９９８年，中国计量科学研究院（ＮＩＭ）与德国联邦物理技术研究院（ＰＴＢ）进行了一系列的量块双边比对。本文给出了ＮＩＭ此次比对的结果及不确定度的评定，同时给出德方的部分结果。双方的测试结果在不确定度范围内取得了很好的一致。     

线纹尺的国际比对

中国计量科学研究院（ＮＩＭ）于１９９７年８～９月参加了由“亚太计量规划组织”安排的一次区域性的线纹尺国际比对。文中给出了ＮＩＭ此次比对测量的结果及其标准偏差，并对比对结果进行了不确定度评定，所得合成标准不确定度为：ｕｃ＝（０．０３５＋０．００７Ｌ）μｍ（Ｌ—长度，单位为米）。     

实验室间比对综述——一种有效的实验室质量监控手段

实验室间比对（Interlaboratory Comparisons）,即是根据预定的条件,由两个或多个实验室,对相同或相似的试验样品进行检测的组织、实施和评价的活动。利用实验室间的比对,对实验室的校准或检测能力进行判定称为能力验证（laboratory proficiency testing）或实验室水平测试。     

粘弹性薄板动力响应问题的多重互易法

本文给出了粘弹性薄板动力响应问题的多重互易法（MRM）.首先在Laplace变换区域中得到了由重调和算子基本解序列给出的粘弹性板动力响应问题的MRM方法,再利用改进的Bellman反变换技术,求得原问题的解.讨论了MRM方法中的迭代误差估计.文末给出了数值算例,计算表明该方法具有较高精度和较快收敛性.适用于长时间的动力问题的计算.     

MA(1)序列TRA估计λ_n(x~n,θ)的等度连续性

对ＭＡ（１）序列裁剪残差自协方差估计（ＴＲＡ估计）证明了λｎ（ｘｎ，θ）关于度量ｄｎ是等度连续的，为讨论ＭＡ（１）序列ＴＲＡ估计的渐近强稳定性提供了一个基本条件     

基于分层加权的多边形图形匹配

提出了一种适用凸凹多边形匹配的分层加权测度方法，在此方法中，对凹多边形、首先进行基于提取凸多边形的模式分解，对凹多边形添加辅助线，形成新的外接凸多边形、通过依次抽取外接凸多边形，将凹多边形表达为仅由凸多边形组成的多层拓扑结构，然后，利用预先定义的互为模板的相似度量准则和分层加权测度模型，计算得到多边形的相似度系数，从而实现凹多边形的匹配和检索。     

An Identification Model of Health States of Machine Wear Based on Oil Analysis

This paper presents a modeling procedure for deriving a single value measure based on a regression model, and a method for determining a statistical threshold value as identification criterion of normal or abnormal states of machine wear. A real numerical example is examined by the method and identification criterion presented. The results indicate that the judgments by the presented methods are basically consistent with the real facts, and therefore the method and identification criterion are valuable for judging the normal or abnormal state of machine wear based on oil analysis.     

The central limit theorem for empirical processes on V-? classes: A majorizing measure approach

Summary Alexander (1987) gave necessary and sufficient conditions for the central limit theorem for empirical processes on Vapnik-Červonenkis classes of functions. In this paper we present an alternative version of his result using Talagrand’s analytic characterization of pregaussianness (the majorizing measure condition). Our proof can be directly extended to give the corresponding result in the non-gaussian stable case.     

向量相似度测度方法

判断两个向量的相似程度,一般采用计算相似度的方法。首先对相似度测度法中的几种成熟的计算方法和应用优缺点进行了综合分析和对比。然后,根据实际的应用需要,结合两种成熟的距离测度法的方法,提出了一种改进的距离测度,即相对误差距离;又从放大较大相对误差作用的思路出发,提出一个相似性函数,即最大相异系数。这两种方法都充分考虑了相对变化量,具有针对性,适用于未知的待比较向量与确知的标准向量进行测度的情况。     

Formalization of the multi-attribute value system in probabilistic terms

A proposal for an overall multi-attribute criterion for optimization in design is presented, which is a measure of the quality of given design solutions. It comprises a probabilistic appraisal, if probability distributions of environmental states are available. A new method for determining weighting factors is given.The approach is based on the well known utility function concept. An example is provided. The method is suggested for situations where the optimum criterion has no mathematical model or the model is poorly defined.     

Surface Phenomena in the Hydrodynamics of an Incompressible Fluid

By taking as an example the outflow of an incompressible fluid through a hole with small geometric parameters under the conditions of supersmall pressures, we attempted to evaluate the effect of surface phenomena on its flow by the similarity method. The Navier–Stokes differential equation was supplemented by parameters allowing for the effect of surface forces. The modified Navier–Stokes equation was subjected to similarity conversion. This yielded a dimensionless group that includes the whole range of variable parameters affecting the fluid flow, namely, the generalized criterion Pv. The graphic dependence of the coefficient of the fluid flow rate on the generalized criterion Pv is presented on the basis of experimental data.     

一种双波导智能超声液位测量装置的研制

本文作者研制了一种双波导智能超声液位测量装置，解决了深井环境下液位测量的困难。该装置具有较高的测量精度，数据测取方便，并能自动记录和报警。文中介绍了其工作原理、电路组成、实验测试及运行情况，并对测量结果和误差进行了分析。     

基于新的梯度特征相似度量的目标跟踪算法

为了稳定跟踪空中具有强机动特点的战斗机目标,提出了一种图像梯度特征相似性度量算法,并利用空中目标梯度空间分布特点构造了一种自适应调整模板尺寸的方法.在传统MAD相关匹配算法的基础上,通过引入梯度匹配权值模板,实现了对梯度特征的相似性度量.在跟踪过程中利用目标梯度空间分布局部占优的特点,构造能够反映目标尺寸的特征分布曲线来估计目标大小,调整匹配定位时的目标模板尺寸.仿真结果表明,跟踪算法能够适应飞机在做强机动时产生的快速形变,以及由形变带来的目标自身灰度的剧烈变化,实现了对目标的稳定跟踪.     

Extending interior-point methods to nonlinear second-order cone programming: Application to finite-strain elastoplasticity

Interior-point methods (IPMs) are well suited for solving convex nonsmooth optimization problems which arise for instance in problems involving plasticity or contact conditions. This work attempts at extending their field of application to optimization problems involving either smooth but nonconvex or nonsmooth but convex objectives or constraints. A typical application for such kind of problems is finite-strain elastoplasticity which we address using a total Lagrangian formulation based on logarithmic strain measures. The proposed interior-point algorithm is implemented and tested on 3D examples involving plastic collapse and geometrical changes. Comparison with classical, Newton-Raphson/return mapping methods show that the IPM exhibits good computational performance, especially in terms of convergence robustness. Similar to what is observed for convex small-strain plasticity, the IPM is able to converge for much larger load steps than classical methods.     

Coherent measures and the unstable manifold of isolated unstable attractors

In this note we give a statistical approximation of the unstable manifold of a connected isolated unstable attractor of a smooth flow using coherent measures relative to it. In the main result we show that almost all orbits in the support of a coherent measure relative to an isolated unstable attractor are contained in its unstable manifold.