豆奶干酪制备的影响因素研究

通过对豆奶干酪生产因素的研究,发现豆乳添加量、混合乳杀菌温度、发酵剂添加量、混合酶比例和CaCl2添加量等因素对豆奶干酪的产率都有影响,从而确定最佳工艺参数.实验结果表明,为了提高豆奶干酪的产率,同时保证豆奶干酪的品质,豆乳添加量为10%;杀菌条件为80℃、15 s;发酵剂添加量为2.00%;调酸pH为5.8;谷氨酰胺转胺酶与凝乳酶比例为4∶1;CaCl2添加量为0.06%;热缩温度为40℃;干酪切割时间为120min,切割大小为10mm.     

干酪生产因素的研究

通过对干酪生产工艺的研究,发现杀菌条件、发酵剂添加量、混合酶比例和CaCl2添加量等因素对干酪电导率及品质都有影响,从而确定最佳工艺参数.实验结果表明:在干酪生产过程中,为了使产品的凝乳时间短、状态好,采用72℃、15s的杀菌条件;发酵剂添加量为1.50%;调酸pH为6.0;谷氨酰胺转胺酶与凝乳酶比例为3:1;CaCl2添加量为0.04%;干酪切割时间为100min,切割大小为10mm;堆积pH为5.20;干酪浸渍在20℃18%的食盐水中放置36h.     

玉米胚芽蛋白新鲜干酪的加工工艺

用玉米胚芽蛋白替代部分牛乳,制备新鲜干酪。研究了玉米胚芽蛋白添加量、发酵剂添加量、CaCl2添加量、凝乳酶添加量对新鲜干酪产率的影响。利用响应面分析法优化了工艺参数,即玉米胚芽蛋白液添加量为4%,发酵剂添加量为0.06%,CaCl2添加量为0.04%,凝乳酶添加量为0.04%。生产出的新鲜干酪产率高,质地细腻,酸味清爽。     

半硬质干酪加工工艺条件的研究

通过单因素试验和正交优化试验,研究发酵剂添加量、CaCl2添加量、凝乳酶添加量、凝乳温度和盐水浓度对半硬质干酪感官品质的影响,从而得出加工半硬质干酪的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,其最佳工艺参数为发酵剂添加量5%、CaCl2添加量0.02%、凝乳酶添加量3.0 g/100 L、凝乳温度36 ℃、盐水质量分数18%。此最佳工艺条件下得到干酪的感官评分最高为93.25分,干酪产率为10.37%,含盐量为0.74%,含水量为43.58%。香味浓郁、组织细腻、软硬适度、呈现乳白色且有光泽。     

一种新型凝乳酶生产干酪工艺的研究

采用蓝色刺孢霉所产的新型凝乳酶生产干酪。研究探讨了发酵剂添加量、CaCl2添加量、凝乳酶质量浓度和pH对其凝乳特性的影响。研究确定用新型凝乳酶生产干酪的最佳工艺条件为:发酵剂添加量0.2 g/L,CaCl2添加量为0.02%,pH 5.9,新型凝乳酶添加量为2%。试验中选用的这种新型凝乳酶生产的干酪风味柔和,组织状态细腻,产品质量好。     

夸克干酪工艺条件优化研究

为了获得适合中国人口味夸克干酪的最佳加工工艺和条件,以鲜乳为原料,经杀菌、冷却、接种、添加凝乳酶、凝块切割、排乳清、包装等工艺制作夸克干酪,主要通过L9(34)正交试验,发酵剂添加量、凝乳酶添加量、切割p H值和排乳清条件等4个关键工艺进行了优化,试图优选出适合中国人口味的夸克干酪制品最佳工艺条件。结果表明:当发酵剂添加量为3.5%、凝乳酶添加量为0.15%、切割p H为4.7和排乳清条件为2 400 r/min、20 min条件下制作夸克干酪时,可获得最佳感官品质的夸克干酪。当发酵剂添加量为4.0%、凝乳酶添加量为0.18%、分离p H为4.7和排乳清条件为3 600 r/min 20 min时,制作的夸克干酪出品率最高。     

类Cheddar豆乳干酪工艺参数的优化

研究了类Cheddar豆乳干酪的生产工艺并对其工艺参数进行了优化,对影响产品质量的主要因素进行了研究。通过正交试验,对发酵剂、豆乳、凝乳酶、CaCl2的最适添加量、凝乳时间和凝乳效果进行了研究和探讨。结果表明,添加豆乳20%、发酵剂3%、凝乳酶0.03%(活力为9 000 u/g)、CaCl20.06%时凝乳效果较好,在质构上与纯牛乳Cheddar干酪无明显差异。     

几个影响新鲜软质干酪品质的因素研究

对影响新鲜软质干酪加工的主要因素进行了研究,通过研究新鲜软质干酪加工过程中发酵剂菌种配比、凝乳酶添加量、加热终温度,确定干酪的工艺流程及工艺参数。结果表明,原料乳中添加发酵剂(乳脂链球菌:嗜热链球菌)比例为8∶1,凝乳酶添加量为0.01 mL/100L牛乳,加热终温度为55℃为宜,可得到产率较高,口感良好的新鲜软质干酪。     

工艺过程对功能性低脂干酪中活菌数的影响

活菌数是功能性低脂干酪的重要指标,本文就工艺过程对功能性低脂干酪活菌数的影响进行了研究,旨在通过控制加工工艺过程参数而使干酪最终活菌数达到功能性食品的标准。通过对单因素实验和正交实验的研究与分析,确定选择嗜热链球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌(1:1)两种菌混合发酵剂为最适发酵剂,混合发酵剂添加量为6%,凝乳工艺为凝乳酶添加量0·01%,凝乳温度35℃,凝乳pH6·2,CaCl2添加量0·03%,搅拌热烫时间为60min,搅拌热烫温度为35℃,浸泡盐水浓度为10%～15%时,干酪活菌数均能达到107CFU/mL,符合功能性低脂干酪的活菌数要求,能够获得较为理想的实验效果。     

保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌发酵夸克的工艺条件优化

以脱脂乳为原料,保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌混合发酵剂制备夸克。以乳清OD500nm值、夸克校正产率及感官品质为评定指标,对凝乳酶添加量、CaCl2添加量、发酵剂嗜热链球菌与保加利亚乳杆菌配比、切割pH值4个因素进行考察。在此基础上对夸克感官评分进行四因素两水平的正交试验。结果表明：在凝乳酶添加量0.015%、嗜热链球菌与保加利亚乳杆菌配比3:2、CaCl2添加量0.02%、切割pH值为4.5时,所得夸克的感官评分最高,具有浓郁的奶香味,酸味清爽无颗粒感。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press