半固态热等静压Al/B4C复合材料液相流动行为与致密化机理

铝基碳化硼复合材料是一种重要的中子吸收材料。为了制备具有更高密度的铝基碳化硼材料,研究采用粉末冶金半固态热等静压方法制备了含量为30%碳化硼的铝基碳化硼材料,采用WANCE100型材料力学性能试验机和SIRION200型扫描电镜研究了复合材料的力学性能及显微形貌。结果表明：半固态热等静压工艺可制备获得接近理论密度的Al/B4C复合材料;虽然Al/B4C材料抗拉强度可提升至约300Mpa,但过高碳化硼含量也使得该材料脆性特征十分明显;研究同时采用间接的方法观察到了半固态工艺过程中生成的液相,该液相不仅可改善碳化硼颗粒与铝基体的结合性,在高温高压下液相的流动还起到填充复合材料内部空隙的作用。半固态热等静压工艺过程中产生的液相是复合材料密度和机械性能提升的主要原因。     

Consolidation of nanocrystalline powders

Blended elemental Ti-24Al-11Nb (at.%) and Ti-55A1 (at.%) powders were mechanically alloyed and consolidated to full density by hot isostatic pressing (HIPing), Ceracon processing, and shock consolidation methods. Nanometer-sized grains were observed in all the samples, the finest size achieved in the shock-consolidated samples. The grain size was larger at higher HIPing temperatures. In comparison with conventional coarsegrained material, theHIP temperature for full consolidation could be brought down by about 400°C for the nanostructured titanium aluminides.     

Yield behaviour of cold compacted composite powders

A triaxial test rig is used to study the axisymmetric cold compaction behaviour of powder composites comprising aluminium with silicon carbide reinforcement, and lead shot with steel reinforcement. Under hydrostatic loading the pressure–density response shows an increase in strength with increasing volume fraction of reinforcement. For a given volume fraction of inclusions, the compaction pressure to achieve a given relative density increases with diminishing size of reinforcement. The yield surfaces are measured after isostatic and closed-die compaction; it is found that the shape depends upon the deformation path, with greatest hardening along the loading direction. The effect of reinforcement on the overall shape of the yield surface is found to be minor.     

ZL101/SiCp复合材料制备及其缺陷分析

对于高增强体含量的复合材料,其材料的致密性显得尤为重要,本文采用冷等静压结合热等静压的方式制备SiCp/Al复合材料克服了这个困难,实现净成形,具有工艺简单等优点,使用180#α-SiC颗粒作为增强体,体积分数为20%,同时采用ZL101铝粉作为基体,其中采用冷等静压方法能制备出冷坯料材料的理论密度可达75%,后续采用热等静压制备出的碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料具有致密性良好,颗粒分布均匀,无明显的聚集现象。同时结合SEM和EDS对界面的分析表明碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料产生的缺陷主要是增强体碳化硅颗粒和铝基体结合的界面处有细小的气孔存在,使材料的有效承载面积减小,最终导致材料破断。初步分析了复合材料微缺陷产生的机理。界面处反应生成的界面相对于复合材料的影响。     

Bulk amorphous Ni59Zr20Ti16Sn5 alloy fabricated by powder compaction

The possibility of fabrication of bulk amorphous Ni₅₉Zr₂₀Ti₁₆Sn₅ alloy by hot isostatic pressing of powders was investigated. The amorphous powders were obtained by ball milling of amorphous melt spun ribbon and by mechanical alloying of a mixture of powders of pure crystalline elements. Fully amorphous bulk samples were successfully obtained by hot isostatic pressing of both types of powders. However, at least 10% porosity of the sample fabricated from the ball milled ribbon was observed. Further optimisation of the compaction process needs to be performed.     

粉末冶金法制备SiC颗粒增强镁基复合材料工艺及性能的研究

研究了粉末冶金法制备SiC颗粒增强镁基复合材料过程中几个非常重要的工艺问题。研究了对比了基体Mg粉的形状和新旧程度、粉末冶金时混料方式和热压工序对镁基复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,采用合适的烘粉处理后,Mg粉的新旧程度对复合材料的无明显影响;与粒状Mg粉相比,片状Mg粉对应的屈服强度有所提高;和普通混粉方式相比,球磨混粉的伸长率略低;热压工序可以使镁基复合材料的性能更趋稳定。     

热等静压技术对金刚石工具制品性能的影响

采用热等静压和传统热压两种烧结方式对Co粉进行烧结,研究两种烧结工艺所得制品在密度、硬度、抗冲击强度、抗弯强度等力学性能以及锯切性能上的差异。结果表明:相比传统热压烧结而言,采用热等静压烧结制备的金属胎体,在相对密度、抗冲击强度、抗弯强度、锯切性能方面都有明显提升;采用热等静压工艺烧结的制品,其硬度较传统热压烧结的制品的略低。利用热等静压烧结制备的金刚石绳锯产品,在锯切试验中表现出良好的性能。      

A Novel Cu–GNPs Nanocomposite with Improved Thermal and Mechanical Properties

Classical powder metallurgy followed by either hot isostatic pressing(HIPing) or repressing–annealing process was used to produce Cu–graphene nanoplatelets(GNPs) nanocomposites in this work. A wet mixing method was used to disperse the graphene within the matrix. The results show that a uniform dispersion of GNPs at low graphene contents could be achieved, whereas agglomeration of graphene was revealed at higher graphene contents. Density evaluations showed that the relative density of pure copper and copper composites increased by using the post-processing techniques.However, it should be noticed that the efficiency of HIPing was remarkably higher than repressing–annealing process, and through the HIPing, fully dense samples were achieved. The Vickers hardness results showed that the reconsolidation steps can improve the mechanical strength of the specimens up to 50% owing to the progressive porosity elimination after reconsolidation. The thermal conductivity results of pure copper and composites at high temperatures showed that the postprocessing techniques could enhance the conductivity of materials significantly.     

Inconel718合金金属注射成形制备过程及力学性能

以Inconel718气雾化预合金粉末为原料,采用金属注射成形(MIM)工艺制备Inconel718合金材料.研究Inconel718合金烧结、热等静压(HIP)、热处理对合金显微组织、密度和力学性能的影响.结果表明:经1275 ℃烧结后,烧结体的相对密度达到98%.烧结体经HIP处理后,达到全致密.经烧结+HIP+热处理后,组织弥散析出了大量的γ″相和γ′相,其室温抗拉强度为1250 MPa,延伸率为21.7%;650 ℃抗拉强度为1177 MPa,延伸率为16.6%,其达到或超过了同牌号锻造合金的性能.     

碳化硼陶瓷活化烧结技术进展

从细化原料粉末颗粒、添加烧结助剂等方面介绍了碳化硼陶瓷活化烧结方法,分析了各种方法促进制品烧结致密化的机制,讨论了各种活化烧结方法对制品的组织和性能的影响,比较了各种方法的优缺点。并简单介绍了热压和热等静压强化碳化硼烧结的效果。     

Fabrication and mechanical properties of FeAl/TiC composites

1　INTRODUCTIONOver the past few decades, considerable inves tigations have been carried out to identify alterna tive binders for cermets in order to improve theirmechanical properties and also to overcome certainshortcomings, such as high cost and density, lowoxidation and corrosion resistance, and environ mental toxicity[1, 2]. Iron aluminides are of particu lar interest due to their low cost and density, highspecific strength, environmental friendliness andexcellent oxidati…     

Hot isostatic pressing of nanostructured γ-TiAI powders

A study of the hot isostatic pressing (HIP’ing) of γ-TiAl powders produced by mechanical alloying, has demonstrated that full density can be achieved 400°C or more below the temperature required for conventional powder; that is 725°C or below. Nanostructured grains (≤ 100 nm) are observed after HIP’ing up to 850°C.     

三元层状固体润滑Ti3SiC2复合材料的制备与摩擦学研究进展

Ti_3SiC_2作为一种新型的陶瓷材料,兼具金属和陶瓷的双重性能,同时也由于具有良好的导电导热性、低密度、机械可加工性、优异的抗热震性能、高熔点、高热稳定性、耐高温氧化、耐腐蚀性能,近年来受到了越来越多研究者的关注。首先介绍了Ti_3SiC_2内部晶体学结构,指出其与二元碳化物Ti C有着紧密的晶体学关系,接着详细叙述了各种Ti_3SiC_2制备工艺及其复合材料的研究现状,阐述了化学气相沉积(CVD)、磁控溅射(MS)、脉冲激光沉积(PLD)、自蔓延高温合成(SHS)、热等静压(HIP)、热压烧结(HP)、火花等离子烧结(SPS)等技术在制备Ti_3SiC_2及其复合材料方面的优点和不足。随后重点分析了温度、滑动速度、载荷、添加组分含量、对偶材料种类和润滑环境等因素对Ti_3SiC_2及其复合材料摩擦学性能的影响。最后总结了在Ti_3SiC_2及其复合材料研究中存在的一些问题,并指出进一步提高摩擦磨损性能,添加多元增强相,改进现有技术以及采取新型制备工艺,是未来发展的重要方向。     

热等静压对铁基非晶纳米晶合金软磁性能的影响

在铁基非晶纳米晶合金,普通氮气热处理最佳退火温度的基础上,将热等静压工艺引入到非晶带材磁芯的退火工艺中,探究热等静压工艺对Fe基非晶纳米晶合金软磁性能的影响。用X射线衍射仪、精密磁性元件测试仪和软磁交流设备测量了铁基非晶带材的晶体结构、磁芯的电感L和磁损耗P_s等。结果表明,在频率100 kHz和工作磁感应强度B_m=0.1 T时,普通氮气保护退火样品的矫顽力和磁损耗为2.04 A/m、10.10 W/kg,而热等静压样品则为1.33 A/m、6.58 W/kg,分别降低了53.4%、34.9%;普通氮气保护退火样品的有效磁导率和品质因数为11 579、0.46,而热等静压则为15 980、0.70,分别增加了38.0%、52.2%。     

Metal- and intermetallic-matrix composites for aerospace propulsion and power systems

Successful development and deployment of metal-matrix composites and intermetallic- matrix composites are critical to reaching the goals of many advanced aerospace propulsion and power development programs. The material requirements are based on the aerospace propulsion and power system requirements, economics, and other factors. Advanced military and civilian aircraft engines will require higher specific strength materials that operate at higher temperatures, and the civilian engines will also require long lifetimes. The specific space propulsion and power applications require hightemperature, high-thermal-conductivity, and high-strength materials. Metal-matrix composites and intermetallic-matrix composites either fulfill or have the potential of fulfilling these requirements.     

纳米金属间化合物NiAl的机械合金化合成及性能

利用机械合金化和高温热压工艺制备ＮｉＡｌ纳米晶体材料,并研究了材料的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明,ＮｉＡｌ的反应生成归结于机械碰撞诱发的爆炸反应机制,采用高温热压工艺可制备接近完全致密的纳米晶ＮｉＡｌ块体材料。ＮｉＡｌ纳米晶体材料的室温强度和塑性都高于铸态ＮｉＡｌ,纳米晶ＮｉＡｌ的高温强度依赖于应变速率,变形受扩散机制控制。     

Investigation on the characteristics of micro- and nano-structured W-15 wt.%Cu composites prepared by powder metallurgy route

The properties of W-15 wt.%Cu composites were investigated by preparing two distinct composites of micrometer and nanoscale structures. Micrometer composite was produced by mixing elemental W and Cu powders and nanometer one was synthesized through a mechanochemical reaction between WO₃ and CuO powders. Subsequent compaction and sintering process was performed to ensure maximum possible densification at 1000-1200 °C temperatures. Finally, the behavior of produced samples including relative density, hardness, compressive strength, electrical conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and room temperature corrosion resistance were examined. Among the composites, nano-structured sample sintered at 1200 °C exhibited better homogeneity, the highest relative density (94%) and mechanical properties. Furthermore, this composite showed superior electrical conductivity (31.58 IACS) and CTE (9.95384 × 10^- 6) in comparison with micrometer type. This appropriate properties may be mainly attributed to liquid phase sintering with particle rearrangement which induced by higher capillary forces of finer structures.     

Influence of Powder Metallurgical Processing Routes on Phase Formations in a Multicomponent NbSi-Alloy

Refractory metal silicide composites on the basis of Nb_ss-Nb₅Si₃ have been investigated as potential alternatives for nickel-base superalloys for years because of their low densities and good high-temperature strengths. NbSi-based composites are typically produced by arc-melting or casting. Samples in this study, however, were produced by powder metallurgy because of the potential for near net-shape component fabrication with very homogeneous microstructures. Either gas atomized powder or high-energy mechanically alloyed elemental powders were compacted by powder injection molding or hot isostatic pressing. Heat treatments were applied for phase stability evaluation. Slight compositional changes (oxygen, nitrogen, or iron) introduced by the processing route, i.e., powder production and consolidation, can affect phase formations and phase transitions during the process. Special focus is put on the distinction between different silicides (Nb₅Si₃ and Nb₃Si) and silicide modifications (α-, β-, and γ-Nb₅Si₃), respectively. These were evaluated by x-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive spectroscopy measurements with the additional inclusion of thermodynamic calculations using the calculated phase diagram method.     

Basic principles of baroelectric synthesis of Ti–Al<Subscript>3</Subscript>Ti metal–intermetallide laminate from Al–Ti foil package

A procedure for calculation of basic parameters of the baroelectric treatment of an Al–Al₃Ti–Ti multilayer package in the synthesis of the Ti–Al₃Ti monolithic metal–intermetallide laminate from a set of Al–Ti foils is proposed. Loading conditions at which the treatment time substantially decreases in comparison with hot isostatic compaction are shown.