含模糊服务水平的可控提前期供应链库存优化

在文献"含服务水平约束的可控提前期供应链Stackelberg模型与协调机制研究"(管理学报,2008)的基础上,进一步将服务水平约束看作一个模糊数,进而探讨具有模糊服务水平约束的可控提前期供应链库存优化问题,并采用模糊非线性规划的方法进行求解。采用数值实验方法,对所建的库存优化模型进行了分析,结果表明:最优订货批量、提前期、供应链各方库存成本和获得该成本的隶属度水平均随对模糊服务水平弹性区间的不同主观估计变化而变化。但当模糊服务水平弹性区间增大到一定程度时,会出现服务水平约束无效的情形,则最优订货决策,库存总成本,及获得该成本的隶属度均不会再发生变化。     

基于多变量的联合决策库存优化问题

以订货费用、提前期、订货量、安全系数和价格折扣为决策变量,建立了包括准备费用、订购费用、缺货费用、库存费用和提前期压缩费用等可变的联合约束下的库存数学模型.利用最大最小原则进行模型分析求解.通过实例证明,建立的库存模型与算法能够有效地从多方面优化解决此类库存问题,为生产库存控制提供理论依据,同时提高该类生产企业的反应速度和竞争能力.     

基于安全库存系数的一体化冷链库存价格协调北大核心CSSCI

研究了两级冷链系统中一种易变质食品的一体化库存决策及价格协调问题。产品的补货提前期服从正态分布,变质率函数具有Weibull分布特征,并考虑了安全库存系数,以冷链系统利润最大化为目标建立了数学模型。针对一体化冷链系统中零售商利润受损问题,为实现供应链整体共赢,基于一体化最优安全库存系数进行价格协调,并给出了价格的折扣函数。通过算例分析发现:随着库存成本的增加,供应商需提供更高的价格折扣以保证零售商在供应链系统中的积极性;在基于安全库存系数的价格协调过程中,集中决策的收益明显高于分散决策;同时零售商的订购次数并不会对集中决策产生显著影响。     

基于安全库存系数的一体化冷链库存价格协调

研究了两级冷链系统中一种易变质食品的一体化库存决策及价格协调问题。产品的补货提前期服从正态分布,变质率函数具有Weibull分布特征,并考虑了安全库存系数,以冷链系统利润最大化为目标建立了数学模型。针对一体化冷链系统中零售商利润受损问题,为实现供应链整体共赢,基于一体化最优安全库存系数进行价格协调,并给出了价格的折扣函数。通过算例分析发现:随着库存成本的增加,供应商需提供更高的价格折扣以保证零售商在供应链系统中的积极性;在基于安全库存系数的价格协调过程中,集中决策的收益明显高于分散决策;同时零售商的订购次数并不会对集中决策产生显著影响。     

基于供需一体化协同控制的供应链库存模型

根据供需一体化协同库存控制策略，构建了一个一体化库存模型。在模型里，假定提前期需求是随机的且服从正态分布，允许在提前期内发生缺货，并产生缺货成本；假定提前期是可控的，能够通过增加成本缩短提前期。该模型通过同时计算最优订货量、再订货点、提前期以及运送批次．使供需一体化库存总成本最小。实例分析证明该模型能够达到节约成本的目的。     

多供应商、多销售商的两级供应链库存模型研究

研究多个供应商、多个销售商组成的两级供应链的库存系统,在具有价格弹性的市场需求、允许供应商和销售商产生缺货的条件下,针对有无价格折扣的两种情况,分别建立了供应商、销售商各自的库存模型;结合满足供应商和销售商Pareto有效性,建立了含价格折扣的供应链系统整体盈利最大的库存模型.     

可控提前期供应链库存优化的信用期机制研究

在一个固定订货间隔期模型中,假设提前期可以通过额外的赶工成本进行压缩和卖方提供一定的信用期期限给买方的情况下,建立了可控提前期供应链库存优化的信用期机制模型.首先考虑买卖双方不合作情况下的Stackelberg主从对策博弈模型,求出买方最佳的订货周期、提前期和卖方的最优信用期期限决策,然后考虑买卖双方合作情况下的最优订货周期、提前期和信用期决策.最后利用数值分析对两类模型的优化效果进行比较,结果表明合作情况下买卖双方的收益均比不合作情况下有所改进.     

基于多折扣价格报价的库存与运输整合优化模型

对一个分销中心、多个销售商的两级供应链,在不允许缺货且需求随机的情形下,考虑常见的多折扣价格报价形式,建立库存与运输整合优化模型,并设计出"两阶段法"求解模型.第1阶段分别求解各销售商的最优订货量和最优折扣,称为配货阶段;第2阶段称为送货阶段,即将前一阶段得到的各销售商的最优订货量分为整车量与零担量.借鉴VMI策略对销售商采取整车直接发运与零担量联合运输相结合的方式,得到最优补货量及补货所需最佳车辆数.给出算例,表明该方法可进一步降低库存与运输费用.     

未知需求分布下提前期可控的整合库存模型研究

考虑了单供应商单采购商的生产一库存联合优化问题,采购商面临未知分布的随机需求,供应商的提前期可以控制.采用Minimax方法建立了供应商和采购商联合期望总成本最小化模型,模型中允许采购商缺货,并且部分缺货延期交付,部分缺货发生销售损失,同时也考虑了运输成本,并且假设运输成本依赖于订货量和提前期.给出了求解联合最优生产批...     

组合折扣条件下带有可变提前期的库存策略

为了有效地分析随机需求条件下库存策略,在连续库存补货策略中考虑运输和采购的组合折扣且进货提前期为可变情形,建立订单量、再订货点和进货提前期优化决策模型,并设计模型求解的有效算法.最后通过算例,验证模型的有效性和实用性,并就考虑运输与不考虑运输条件下的库存策略进行了比较分析,就模型主要参数对订单量、再订货点、进货提前期和...     

Ordering Cost Depletion in Inventory Policy with Imperfect Products and Backorder Rebate

This study presents an inventory model for imperfect products with depletion in ordering costs and constant lead time where the price discount in the backorder is permitted. The imperfect products are refused or modified or if they reached to the customer, returned and thus some extra costs are experienced. Lately some of the researchers explicitly present on the significant association between size of lot and quality imperfection. In practical situations, the unsatisfied demands increase the period of lead time and decrease the backorders. To control customers' problems and losses, the supplier provides a price discount in backorders during shortages. Also, an order’s policies may result in including some imperfect products in arrival lots. A discount on price may be offered by the supplier on the out-of-stock products to manage the backorder problems. The study aims to develop a model with imperfect products by permitting the price discount in backorders, and the cost of ordering is considered a decision variable. First, it is assumed that the demand for lead time is followed by a normal distribution and then stops it and assumed that the first two moments of demand for lead time are known. Further, the minimax distribution method is used to solve this model, and a separate algorithm is designed. In this study, two models are discussed with and without a normally distributed rate of demand. The current study verified with the help of some numerical examples over various model parameters.     

价格随机条件下看涨期权折扣契约的应急供应链协调研究

在突发事件造成市场需求与市场价格均随机波动的条件下,将期权与数量折扣契约融合,形成一种新的期权折扣契约,并用看涨期权折扣契约模型来协调供应链。通过海塞矩阵判断得知供应链存在最优决策,并进行算例分析。结果表明：当突发事件引起市场需求增加时,看涨期权折扣契约和数量折扣契约均能有效地提升供应链收益,且看涨期权折扣契约提升的幅度更大;当突发事件引起市场需求缩小时,2种契约均不能扭转整个供应链收益大幅下降的局面,且看涨期权折扣契约下降的幅度更大。为获取超额利润,决策者必须充分获取市场信息并对市场需求进行准确的预测才能使新的契约机制更有效。在新的前提条件下,看涨期权折扣契约模型能有效地协调供应链并提高整个供应链系统的绩效。该契约实现了风险共担和收益双赢,在一定程度上提升了供应链的柔性。     

A time-continuous analytic production model for service level,work in process,lead time and utilization

Because of the fact that some logistical objectives are controversial, a trade-off between short actual lead times, low inventories, high utilization, high service levels and low backorders is necessary. To make good decisions in the design and, in particular, the optimization of a production system or supply chain a deep understanding of the relationship between the logistical figures is essential. In this article relationships between these logistical figures are developed by an analytical approach for a time-continuous multi-item production model. Furthermore, the deviation of work in process is used to describe the fluctuation and disturbances of real systems.     

基于Bertrand闭环供应链的企业价格博弈模型

设计了一个具有供应商和两个零售商组成的Bertrand双寡头价格博弈的主从闭环供应链系统,给出了分散和集中两种模式下批发价、零售价、回收价以及各方利润的具体表达式并进行了比较,研究了供应链整体利润与产品和废弃品替代率的关系。最后,在此基础上分析了分散模式下零售商和生产商的具体对策,提出了两阶段数量折扣协调策略实现帕累托改进,并求出了折扣率和补贴率的具体范围,为进一步研究更一般的闭环供应链系统打下理论基础。     

Decentralised planning coordination with quantity discount contract in a divergent supply chain

This paper proposes to solve a supply chain planning problem with realistic features. The problem consists of planning productions, transportations and storage activities in a supply chain at a tactical level on a finite horizon. The main features considered are decentralised decision making and iteration of the planning process on a rolling horizon basis. In each planning process, the actors optimise their local planning and coordinate to achieve a good overall planning. A multi-agent system is used to model such supply chain behaviour. The study is conducted in a divergent two-echelon supply chain with one manufacturer and multiple independent retailers. Coordination is achieved using a standard contract in practice, known as the ‘quantity discount’ contract. The planning framework on the supply chain structure is detailed. Lot-sizing models integrating the quantity discount are presented for the local planning problems. Experimental tests are conducted with three major parameters: quantity discount price, quantity discount breakpoint and rolling horizon length. They are used to determine the quantity discount parameters in achieving the best supply chain profit, and to analyse the increasing profit of the actors. A decision-making tool which is able to consider realistic features of supply chain planning is therefore resulted.     

需求和提前期不确定下的两级供应链系统研究

由一个部件提供商和一个装配商组成的两级组装供应链系统,部件提供商提供两种不同的部件给装配商进行装配;分析在单销售周期内,系统上同时存在部件的生产提前期和装配提前期的不确定,以及需求的不确定时,系统的特性.采用博弈论方法,装配商确定装配计划提前期,以及向部件提供商提交的订购量;而部件提供商确定部件生产计划提前期,以及部件批发价格.得出,首先,不确定提前期导致供应链系统订购量减小;其次,在分散控制的组装供应链系统中,系统的总生产、装配计划提前期,要大于集中控制系统中的,并且装配计划提前期与部件生产计划提前期无关;再者,过大的提前期不确定性对组装供应链系统的影响要比需求不确定对组装供应链的影响大.     

An integrated inventory model involving manufacturing setup cost reduction in compound Poisson process

The collaboration of vendor and buyer is one of the key factors for successful supply chain management. The most common strategy for a cooperative system is to propose an integrated replenishment plan. Almost all inventory models assume that setup cost is deterministic and is not subject to control. However, in many practical situations, setup cost can be reduced at an added investment. The paper assumes that setup cost can be reduced at an added investment and shortage is permitted during the lead time. This article relaxes the assumption that the demand of lead time is deterministic and is assumed to be a compound Poisson process. A model is derived to determine an optimal integrated inventory policy with controllable setup cost. The expected annual integrated total cost function is derived and a solution procedure is established to find out the optimal solution. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the solution procedure.     

Dual channel closed-loop supply chain coordination with a reward-driven remanufacturing policy

This paper investigates a reward-driven policy, employed in a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC), for acquiring used products earmarked for remanufacture. Under the examined model, a single manufacturer sells products through a retailer as well as directly to end users in a forward supply chain. In the reverse supply chain, three different modes of collection are employed to capture used products for remanufacture: they are through a third party, directly by the manufacturer and from the retailer. Mathematical models for both non-cooperative and centralised scenarios are developed to characterise the pricing decisions and remanufacturing strategies that indicate individual and overall supply chain performance. Optimality of all the proposed models is examined with theory. To coordinate and achieve a win–win outcome for channel members, we proposed a three-way discount mechanism for the manufacturer. Extended numerical investigation provides insights on ways to manage an efficient reward-driven CLSC in a dual-channel environment.