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纸浆纤维内烯酰胺接枝水解物吸水材料的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
纸浆纤维与丙烯酰胺的接枝共聚物经水解后可制在一种膜片太吸水材料。这种膜片既具有纤维的柔软、舒适、多毛细管作用等特性,又具有较好的形状保持能力,加一不出水,吸水率可达近百倍。本文讨论了该材料的制备及各种因素对其吸水性的影响。并借助偏江显微镜、扫描电镜等手段对其结构进行了表征。 相似文献
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高温含尘废气的排放是造成环境污染的主要原因之一,纤维基空气过滤材料具有比表面积大、结构可控等一系列优点,在空气过滤领域备受关注。但普通纤维基空气过滤材料存在耐高温性能差的问题,为便于相关人员更好了解纤维基耐高温空气过滤材料的研究现状,本文对近年来纤维基耐高温非织造空气过滤材料的研究进展进行了综述。重点介绍了纤维基耐高温非织造空气过滤材料所用原料(有机纤维原料、无机纤维原料等),制备工艺(针刺、水刺、熔喷、静电纺、离心纺和气流纺等)及其功能化改性(脱硫、脱硝、脱VOCs等)应用。对耐高温非织造空气过滤材料制备和应用过程中存在的缺点进行了讨论,指出未来发展应以开发新材料、改进制备工艺和功能化改性为重点方向;以期为耐高温非织造空气过滤材料的研究提供一定参考,拓展纤维基耐高温空气过滤材料应用范围。 相似文献
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纤维增强环氧发泡复合材料的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
研究制备纤维增强环氧发泡复合材料的方法,对影响材料性能的因素进行了分析。结果表明:采用纤维增强环氧发泡复合材料,有效地提高了环氧发泡材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度。与未经纤维增强的环氧树脂固化后相比,密度下降了一半而强度基本相当,具有轻质、高强的特点 相似文献
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特殊形貌的纳米纤维可以通过控制静电纺丝过程工艺及参数条件来制备。特殊形貌的纳米纤维具有比普通纳米纤维更大的比表面积和更高的孔隙率,以及掺杂各类有机/无机材料后赋予纤维的多功能性,使其应用研究已经深入能源环境、催化过滤、生物工程、食品安全等诸多领域,成为纳米材料研究的热点领域之一。但特殊形貌纳米纤维存在研究体系不完善、量产化难度高、重现性差等问题。本文通过对多种特殊形貌纳米纤维的成形机理进行阐述,介绍了特殊形貌纳米纤维独特的形貌结构与性能优势,对其在粒子透过、粒子拦截与传输等领域的应用研究进行了概述。此外,本文对特殊形貌的纳米纤维从研究制备到应用过程中面临的局限性进行了讨论,提出建立完善的特殊形貌纳米纤维研究体系,针对应用领域开发功能性特殊形貌纳米纤维膜,从环保性、稳定性角度出发,推进特殊形貌纳米纤维的产业化发展进程。 相似文献
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研制高性能隔热材料对发展航空、建筑、运输等领域具有重要意义。二氧化硅(SiO2)纤维具有低密度、低热导、抗氧化的优点,是一种极具发展潜力的隔热材料。然而,SiO2纤维的热导率有待进一步降低,如何进一步提升其隔热性能是一个重要课题。本文从SiO2纤维的隔热机理出发,首先分析了不同形貌(实心、中空、多孔)SiO2纤维的制备方法及研究现状,并总结了SiO2纤维与有机材料、无机材料等复合的研究进展。同时,简述了隔热材料目前的主要应用领域,最后展望了SiO2纤维基隔热材料在未来的发展方向。 相似文献
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选取无烟煤粉为对象,对表面活性剂的相关性能以及无烟煤粉的润湿性进行研究,在此基础上设计并搭建了湿式纤维栅除尘系统,研究不同风速、喷雾压力、纤维栅目数以及复配表面活性剂的种类对除尘效率的影响。实验结果表明,表面活性剂可以有效降低水的表面张力,使得煤粉更容易被湿润;在除尘系统还未添加表面活性剂时,干式纤维栅对粉尘的单一过滤效率较低;添加喷雾装置后,除尘效率随喷雾压力的增大先提高,后趋于稳定,且总体效率均明显高于单一纤维栅除尘条件下的效率;纤维栅目数和除尘效率呈正相关,而当风速大于0.7 m/s后,由于纤维网上形成的水膜较多,会对风速产生一定的阻力,此时,风速对除尘效率的变化影响不明显;添加表面活性剂之后,发现LAB-35和X-100混合表面活性剂溶液的除尘效率最高,达到97.03%。 相似文献
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新型的纤维-液膜油水分离器 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍一种新型的纤维 液膜油水分离设备 ,主要由聚结罐和分离罐组成 ,采用改性强亲油性纤维作为聚结罐内件 ,使含油污水中的细小油滴通过强亲油性纤维在较短的时间内合并为大油滴成为可能 ,缩短分离罐沉降时间 ,提高油水分离效率。试验表明 ,新型的纤维 液膜油水分离设备用于处理含油污水是行之有效的 ,用于处理稀油污水比稠油污水效果更好 相似文献
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Fabrication of a pilot scale module of thin film composite hollow fiber membrane for osmotic pressure‐driven processes
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Polyamide thin film composite hollow fiber membranes have advantages in their unique structure compared to flat sheet membranes. This study examined interfacial polymerization methods for fabricating pilot scale hollow fiber membranes (membrane area: 1.2 m2, number of hollow fiber strands: 1200). For use in osmotic pressure‐driven processes, a one‐pot hydrophilic interfacial polymerization procedure was developed simultaneously to modify the surface property and synthesize polyamide thin film. With the procedure, a pilot scale module has a water flux of 13 LMH using a draw solution of 0.6M NaCl and a feed solution of distilled water through the design of the module configuration. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46110. 相似文献
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Effect of in situ apatite on performance of collagen fiber film for food packaging applications
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This study attempted to prepare apatite in situ in acid‐swollen cowhide collagen film by an ammonia gas fumigating method and assess its reinforcement effect on a collagen fiber film for food packaging applications. The X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results confirmed the successful synthesis of apatite in collagen fiber films. SEM images showed that tiny apatite particles appeared as a coating on the film surface and also made the film's inner structure more compact and less porous than pure collagen fiber film. Apatite significantly (p < 0.05) increased the tensile strength and improved the water vapor barrier and water insolubility properties of collagen fiber film. Moreover, the thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry results confirmed that the thermal stability of collagen was improved with the increasing apatite. The in situ–synthesized apatite provided a practical reinforcement approach to improving the collagen fiber film's performance and benefited its application as a food packaging material. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 44154. 相似文献
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湿式静电除尘技术收尘极表面的易腐蚀和水膜均布问题是影响该技术连续可靠运行的重要因素。针对这两个问题,对碳素钢冷轧成型板进行了抗腐蚀保护层和在保护层基础上黏附不同附加亲水层的改性。使用称重法和平面成像法进行了单股流布水不同Reynolds数下不同改性表面持液量、表面流量、成膜率、水膜平均厚度等润湿特性的研究。结果表明:抗腐蚀保护层降低基材的润湿特性,附加亲水层中台丽碳纤维布的持液量较基材碳钢表面增加1.0~2.2倍,细沙粒成膜率比基材碳钢增加50%~60%,水膜厚度均在0.3~0.7 mm之间(最大达1.4 mm);玻璃纤维布黏附在环氧树脂表面的疏松程度直接影响表面的润湿特性,涂刷第3层环氧树脂后自然晾晒12 h,120℃加热1 h后敷设玻纤布,自然冷却至固化得到的表面润湿特性最佳,其持液量可达0.014~0.021 g·cm-2,临界饱和时间 < 3 min,实现完全润湿,成膜率较基材增加34~40倍;改性材料表面布水参数:喷水孔间距≥10 cm、Reynolds数超过2000,此时表面液膜为波动层流,可获得理想冲刷效果。 相似文献
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The physical and chemical properties of composite starch‐based films containing cellulosic fiber, chitosan, and gelatin were investigated. Films containing both cellulosic fibers and chitosan demonstrated tremendous enhancements in film strength and gas permeation. The water absorbency of composite films could be greatly reduced in film composites containing cellulosic fibers and gelatin, but the inclusion of chitosan into these films provided a higher hydrophilicity, increasing water absorbency. Film transparency was not noticeably affected in the composite films that were made. These films may have wide application in the food packaging, agricultural mulching, and the medical industries. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2542–2548, 2006 相似文献
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Engineering design of outer‐selective tribore hollow fiber membranes for forward osmosis and oil‐water separation
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Xue Li Wan Lin Ang Yingda Liu Tai‐Shung Chung 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2015,61(12):4491-4501
Outer‐selective thin‐film composite (TFC) hollow fiber membranes offer advantages like less fiber blockage in the feed stream and high packing density for industrial applications. However, outer‐selective TFC hollow fiber membranes are rarely commercially available due to the lack of effective ways to remove residual reactants from fiber's outer surface during interfacial polymerization and form a defect‐free polyamide film. A new simplified method to fabricate outer‐selective TFC membranes on tribore hollow fiber substrates is reported. Mechanically robust tribore hollow fiber substrates containing three circular‐sector channels were first prepared by spinning a P84/ethylene glycol mixed dope solution with delayed demixing at the fiber lumen. The thin wall tribore hollow fibers have a large pure water permeability up to 300 L m?2 h?1 bar?1. Outer‐selective TFC tribore hollow fiber membranes were then fabricated by interfacial polymerization with the aid of vacuum sucking to ensure the TFC layer well‐attached to the substrate. Under forward osmosis studies, the TFC tribore hollow fiber membrane exhibits a good water flux and a small flux difference between active‐to‐draw (i.e., the active layer facing the draw solution) and active‐to‐feed (i.e., the active layer facing the feed solution) modes due to the small internal concentration polarization. A hyperbranched polyglycerol was further grafted on top of the newly developed TFC tribore hollow fiber membranes for oily wastewater treatment. The membrane displays low fouling propensity and can fully recover its water flux after a simple 20‐min water wash at 0.5 bar from its lumen side, which makes the membrane preferentially suitable for oil‐water separation. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 4491–4501, 2015 相似文献
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静电纺PLA微/纳米纤维膜的浸润性能研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用静电纺丝技术制备聚乳酸(PLA)微/纳米纤维膜,研究了其可纺性、浸润性能及结构。结果表明:以二氯甲烷为溶剂的PLA电纺丝溶液,当PLA质量分数为7%时,可纺出纤维直径为280~690 nm的PLA微/纳米纤维膜。PLA微/纳米纤维膜与水的接触角为127.6°,高于PLA流延膜与水的接触角107.7°;红外光谱分析表明,PLA微/纳米纤维膜的分子组成没有发生变化;X光电子能谱测试表明PLA微/纳米纤维膜的表面碳氧含量比高于PLA流延膜,PLA微/纳米纤维膜的疏水性得到提高。 相似文献
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静电纺PLA/丝素-明胶复合纤维膜的性能研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过静电纺丝先制备聚乳酸(PLA)纤维膜,在PLA纤维膜上分别喷射不同比例的丝素-明胶纺丝液制得PLA/丝素-明胶复合纤维膜,对复合纤维膜的溶解性能、尺寸稳定性、力学性能及生物性能进行表征。结果表明:与丝素-明胶纤维膜相比,PLA/丝素-明胶复合纤维膜的溶失率明显下降,尺寸稳定性及柔软性得到改善,且经甲醇处理后,复合纤维膜的力学性能提高。将制备的复合纤维膜进行小鼠胚胎细胞(3T3)培养实验,3T3在PLA/丝素-明胶复合纤维膜上能更好地粘附、伸展和繁殖。 相似文献